Micro Final - Exam 3 Questions

which of the following is the LEAST toxic treatment for an infection caused by MRSA? a. bacteriophage therapy b. a course of trimethoprim treatment c. a course of nalidixic acid treatment d. a course of polymyxin treatment e. a course of amino glycoside treatment

a. bacteriophage therapy

_________ is a physical method of disinfection a. boiling water b. applying hand sanitizer to one's hands c. vaccination d. chlorination e. salting fish

a. boiling water

what is the natural reservoir for mycobacterium leprae? a. armadillos b. deer mice c. deer ticks d. allligators e. geese and other wild waterfowl

a. armadillos

what bacterium causes whooping cough?

bordetella pertussis

table 13.6. which of the following infectious agents is the hardest to inactivate/kill through chemical disinfection? a. clostridium spp. endospores b. protozoan cysts c. enveloped viruses d. E. coli e. mycobacterium tuberculosis

a. clostridium spp. endospores

which of the following types of immunity responds immediately to an infection caused by any pathogen? a. innate b. specific c. cell-mediated d. humoral e. phage induction

a. innate

what is the mechanism of action for tetracyclines? a. interference with protein synthesis b. interference with cell membrane function c. interference with cell wall / peptidoglycan synthesis d. interference with replication and synthesis of nucleic acids e. interference with metabolic reactions

a. interference with protein synthesis

how does one acquire "the plague" (the Black Death)? a. through a bite by a flea infected with yersinia pestis b. by eating contaminated shellfish c. sexual transmission d. through the bite of a rodent infected with yersinia pestis e. through a bite of a flea infected with helicobacter pylori

a. through a bite by a flea infected with yersinia pestis

when available, offers the best prevention of an infectious disease: a. vaccination b. fecal transplant c. orange juice d. antibiotics e. chicken soup

a. vaccination

true or false: bacterial ribosomes CAN be used as targets for some antibiotics because they are the same size and structure as most human ribosomes a. TRUE b. FALSE

b. FALSE

which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune response? a. lysozymes b. T-helper cells c. complement d. phagocytes e. interferon

b. T-helper cells

another word for specific immunity is ____________ immunity. a. memory b. adaptive or acquired c. innate d. additive e. attained

b. adaptive or acquired

microbes in the news: what local custom has experts concerned about the spread of the epidemic in Madagascar? a. purchasing chickens at live-markets b. dancing with dead relatives c. eating dead relatives (cannibalism) d. handshaking e. eating raw rats

b. dancing with dead relatives

prime time: anthrax: which of the following forms of anthrax killed humans in the largest anthrax outbreak on earth? a. cutaneous b. inhalation c. gastrointestinal d. sexual e. septic

b. inhalation

box 13.3 the acronym MRSA stands for _______________? a. multidrug resistent staphylococcus aureus b. methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus c. methicillin resistant shigella auris d. amoxicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus e. methicillin resistant staphylococcus epidermis

b. methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

Box 13.2 Alexander Fleming observed colonies of _______ that were inhibited by penicillin growing in a Petri dish containing bacteriological medium a. escherichia coli b. staphylococcus sp. c. pseudomonas aeruginosa d. bacillus megaterium e. bacillus subtilus

b. staphylococcus sp.

why do patients suffering from tuberculosis or leprosy need to be on antibiotics for more than 6 months in order to be cured of their infection?

because mycobacterium spp. have a long generation time and the antibiotics are only effective are only effective when the bacteria are actively dividing

___________ can be used on skin before drawing blood a. disinfecants b. bleach c. antiseptics d. Lysol e. QUATS

c. antiseptics

pathogens that contain _________ resist ________ by the body immune cells a. plasmids; phagocytosis b. pili; digestion c. capsules;phagocytosis d. endospores; engulfment e. DNA; breakdown

c. capsules;phagocytosis

which of the following components play a role in acquired or adaptive immunity? a. interferons b. macrophages c. cytotoxic T cells d. complement e. phagocytes

c. cytotoxic T cells

all gram negative bacteria contain ______________ within their cell walls a. neurotoxins b. exotoxins c. endotoxins d. mycelia acids e. perfume

c. endotoxins

which of the following mechanisms of action for antibiotics would be considered least toxic to the body? a. interference with protein synthesis b. interference with cell membrane function c. interference with cell wall / peptidoglycan synthesis d. interference with replication and synthesis of nucleic acids e. interference with metabolic reactions

c. interference with cell wall / peptidoglycan synthesis

figure 13.16 what is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins? a. interference with protein synthesis b. interference with cell membrane function c. interference with cell wall wall synthesis d. interference with replication and synthesis of nucleic acids e. interference with metabolic reactions

c. interference with cell wall wall synthesis

which of the following is NOT a gram negative bacteria? a. vibrio vulnificus b.yersinia pestis c. mycobacterium leprae d. bordetella pertussis e. neisseria gonorrhoeae

c. mycobacterium leprae

____________ was implemented by 1907 to decrease the number of disease outbreaks associated with milk a. disinfection b. sterilization c. pasteurization d. boiling e. sanitation

c. pasteurization

which of the following antibiotics interferes with cell membranes? a. penicillins b. qyinolones c. polymyxins d. trimethoprim e. eruthromycins

c. polymyxins

microbes in the news: Duncan Hines cake mixes have been recalled due to contamination by what microbe(s)? a. salmonella enterica b. listeria monocytogenes c. salmonella agbeni d. escherichia coli O157: H7 e. clostridium botulinum

c. salmonella agbeni

frontline: hunting nightmare bacteria: which of the following gram negative bacteria caused a secondary bacterial infection in Addie rerecich? a. staphylococcus aureus b. salmonella agbeni c. stenotrophomonas spp. d. pseudomonas aeruginosa e. acinetobacter baumannii

c. stenotrophomonas spp.

microbes in the news: ________ thrives in brackish water and can cause flesh-eating disease. a. E. coli b. Bordetella spp. c. vibrio vulnificus d. salmonella spp. e. micrococcus luteus

c. vibrio vulnificus

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pathogenic bacterium? a. a pathogenic bacterium may be encapsulated b. a pathogenic bacterium may contain a plasmid c. a pathogenic bacterium produces toxins d. a pathogenic bacterium has a minimum generation time of 81 days e. a pathogenic bacterium may be resistant to several antibiotics

d. a pathogenic bacterium has a minimum generation time of 81 days

which of the following are symptoms of secondary syphilis? a. paralysis b. insanity c. tabes (shuffling walk) d. all of the above e. none of the above

e. none of the above

NOVA: the most dangerous woman in America: what other sources of salmonella type were eliminated as a source or reservoir of this bacteria during the investigation health experts? a. plumbing was eliminated by putting dye into the toilet to determine if city drinking water was contaminated b. health experts ruled out shellfish because they determined the local shellfish was not contaminated with sewage c. health experts examined the milk supply which was not contaminated d. all of the above were ruled out during investigations by experts e. none of the above (a-c) were able to rule out external sources of bacteria that caused typhoid fever

d. all of the above were ruled out during investigations by experts

the _______ is a historical term used for gonorrhea a. handshake b. shuffle c. tabes d. clap e. dribble

d. clap

frontline: hunting nightmare bacteria: the multi drug resistant bacterial infections presented in this documentary were caused by __________________. a. gram positive bacteria b. viruses c. candida spp. d. gram negative bacteria e. protozoans

d. gram negative bacteria

Figure 13.16. What is the mechanism of action for rifampin? a. interference with protein synthesis b. interference with cell membrane function c. interference with cell wall synthesis d. interference with replication and synthesis of nucleic acids e. interference with metabolic reactions

d. interference with replication and synthesis of nucleic acids

microbes in the news: what is a disadvantage of phage therapy? a. it can be used to treat infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria b. it is selectively toxic to the bacterial pathogen c. it is not harmful to the body d. it can be hard to deliver the phage to the body's infection site (e.g intestinal infections)

d. it can be hard to deliver the phage to the body's infection site (e.g intestinal infections)

which of the following is not a halogen used in disinfectants? a. chlorine b. fluorine c. bromine d. mecurochrome e. iodine

d. mecurochrome

the ability of very few molecules of heavy metals to exert antimicrobial activity is known as _______ a. pasterurization b. emulsification c. oxidation d. oligodynamic action e. incineration

d. oligodynamic action

which of the following antibiotics would be the MOST TOXIC in treating a bacterial UTI? a. vancomycin b. penicillin c. cephalosporin d. polymyxins e. none of the above

d. polymyxins

__________ is the idea/concept that antibiotics kill pathogenic bacteria without damaging the host (human body). a. innate immunity b. pasteurization c. adaptive immunity d. selective toxicity e. oligodynamic effect

d. selective toxicity

if you suffered from a bacterial infection that did not respond to antibiotic treatment and were given a plane ticket to seek bacteriophage therapy outside the U.S, where would you book your commercial flight to go to for page therapy? a. dijon, france b. St. Petersburg, russia c. cairo, Egypt d. tbilisi, russia e. Berlin, germany

d. tbilisi, russia

what is the incubation period for mycobacterium leprae (Cause of leprosy)? a. 1-2 days b. 1-2 weeks c. 1-2 months d. 6-12 months e. 2 or more years

e. 2 or more years

HIV depletes ________ which play a role in the body's immune response toward microbial or viral infections a. cytotoxic T cells b. platelets c. phagocytes d. blood clotting factor 8 e. T helper cells

e. T helper cells

which of the following infectious agents is the most easily inactivated/killed with hand sanitizer? a. influenza A viruses(an enveloped virus) b. influenza B viruses (an enveloped virus) c. HIV (an enveloped virus) d. epstein Barr virus (an enveloped herpes virus) e. all of the above are easy to inactivate

e. all of the above are easy to inactivate

which of the following are examples of antibiotic misuse, resulting in the developing antibiotic resistant bacteria? a. antibiotics are prescribed to treat viral infections b. patients do not complete their course of antibiotics; saving some for a future infection/illness c. antibiotics in some countries can be purchased over the counter in markets and pharmacies without a prescription d. patients do not complete a dose of antibiotics because it causes gastrointestinal upset e. all of the above represent examples

e. all of the above represent examples

PDF posted to D2L: Voluntary quarantine and the Village of Eyam: while the plague raged through the village of Eyam, which of the following practices were NOT used int he village to prevent spread of the plague among the villagers? a. there were no funerals b. prayer services were held in the "open air" of cucklett delf c. most victims were buried in the backyards of their homes d. people were banned from the churchyard during the plague e. all streets were intentionally flooded to drown the rats in the village

e. all streets were intentionally flooded to drown the rats in the village

which of the following arthropods play a role in transmitting bacterial infections? a. deer ticks b. fleas c. kissing bugs d. fire ants e. both A and B

e. both A and B

which of the following bacteria contain mycolic acids in its cell wall? a. treponema pallidum b. staphylococcus aureus c. mycobacterium avium d. mycobacterium tuberculosis e. both c and d are correct

e. both c and d are correct

microbes in the news: _______ in shower heads has been potentially linked to pulmonary (lung) disease in elderly a. streptococcus pneumoniae b. mycobacterium tuberculosis c. pseudomonas aeruginosa d. haemophilis influenza e. mycobacterium avium

e. mycobacterium avium

microbes in the news: ___________ has recently caused a concerning epidemic in Madagascar. a. vibrio coholerae b. influenza A virus (H1N3) c. E.coli d. norovirus e. yersinia pestis

e. yersinia pestis