Microbiology Chapter 21 Smartbook

The core of an effective syphilis prevention program is which of the following?

detecting and treating sexual contacts

Neonates born to mothers with gonorrhea are at risk for which type of serious infections?

eye

True or false: Similar to males, gonorrhea infection is limited to the most external structure of the reproductive tract in females.

false

Which of the following describe the chancre of syphilis?

found at the site of entry of the pathogen hard painless

Which type of streptococcal colonization is an important consideration in late term pregnancy?

group B Streptococcus

Secondary syphilis is characterized by which of the following?

hair loss systemic rashes

What structure(s) does Treponema use to bind to mucous membranes or skin?

hooked tip

HPV stands for

human papilloma virus

An infection of which of the following is called pyelonephritis?

kidneys

Prostatitis occurs in which of the following?

men

In the early phase of leptospirosis, _____.

pathogen appears in blood and cerebrospinal fluid

_______ is an inflammation of the prostate gland.

prostatitis

The ________ FalsemenHerpes simplex virussystem is for the creation of offspring.

reproductive

The _____ stage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, hair loss, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved.

secondary

Syphilis is commonly transmitted through _______ contact or vertical transmission to the fetus in utero.

sexual

STDs are now termed STIs which stands for this ______ ______ _____.

sexually transmitted infections

Hutchinson's teeth are formed as a result of congenital _____.

syphilis

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is performed to diagnose which of the following?

syphilis

Which of the following is the genital ulcer disease caused by a spirochete bacterium?

syphilis

Which of the following are considered genital ulcer diseases?

syphilis chancroid genital herpes

Second phase of leptospirosis, ________

the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses

The chance of HIV infection is greatly increased with the open lesions seen in genital ______ disease.

ulcer

The _____ urinary tract has fewer types of microbes and lower abundance of microbes than the _____ urinary tract.

upper; lower

Urethritis is an infection of which of the following?

urethra

Females will exhibit signs and symptoms of gonorrhea in which of the following systems?

urinary reproductive

In the male, the normal biota of both the _____ tract and the ______ tract are the same.

urinary; reproductive

In the male, the normal biota of both the ______ tract and the ________ tract are the same.

urinary; reproductive

Gonorrhea infections are usually transmitted in which ways?

Sexual contact Maternal-neonate transmission

Which of the following best describes the current status of syphilis infection worldwide?

The frequency is increasing worldwide, especially in Africa and Asia.

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, performed to diagnose syphilis, tests for which of the following?

antigens that appear in an infected host

During the primary stage of syphilis, what is the main sign/symptom?

appearance of chancre

Which of the following represent stages of untreated syphilis infection in an adult?

secondary tertiary primary

Approximately ____% of males infected with N. gonorrhoeae are asymptomatic and ____% of women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic. Gonorrhea can be spread by those individuals.

10; 50

What is the approximate risk of catching syphilis from an infected sexual partner?

12-30%

What is a sexually transmitted infection?

A disease transmitted through intimate physical contact

Choose all of the correct statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract.

After puberty, glycogen is released in the vagina, resulting in a lowering of vaginal pH. The ovaries and fallopian tubes have a small group of resident microbes.

Ten to forty percent of women in the US are colonized asymptomatically by a group ____ Streptococcus in their reproductive tract.

B

Those infected with N. gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with which of the following? It is imperative that treatment should target that microorganism as well.

Chlamydia

______ syphilis is an infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero.

Congenital

True or false: Those infected with N. gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with HIV, complicating treatment.

False

What prevention is used with at-risk persons for syphilis infection?

Prophylactic antibiotics

Gonorrhea infections can be prevented by which of the following means?

Safe sex practices

Which of the following statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract are correct?

Before puberty and after menopause, the vagina harbors a biota that is similar to what is found in the urethra. The vaginal pH of an elderly woman is close to neutral.

_______ diseases are those sexually transmitted infections in which the infectious agent causes an increase in fluid excreted from male and female reproductive tracts.

Discharge

Which of the following is a major virulence factor of the syphilis spirochete?

Easily penetrates bloodstream

True or false: A vaccine currently exists for gonorrhea.

False

True or false: The microbial composition of the urinary tract is largely the same in men and women.

False

What maternal disease can lead to serious eye infections in the neonate if infected during passage through the birth canal?

Gonorrhea

A person may notice no symptoms or vesicles may appear on the genitalia, perineum, thigh, or buttocks, after an infection with which of the following microorganisms?

Herpes simplex virus

Which of the following describes the initial infection with genital herpes?

It is extremely variable.

The normal biota of the urinary tract is the same as the normal biota of the reproductive tract in which sex?

Males

Which of the following STIs result in wart-like growths?

Molluscum contagiosum HPV infection

_______ _____ disease is the inflammation of the upper reproductive tract structures.

Pelvic inflammatory

What are discharge diseases?

Those that cause an increase in excreted fluid from the reproductive tracts

The urinary system has which of the following roles in the body?

Transports wastes out of the body Helps regulate processes in the body Removes unwanted substances from the blood

_______, Chlamydia, and gonorrhea are genital discharge diseases.

Trichomoniasis

True or false: Persons with syphilis often have an additional infection with another STI.

True

True or false: The disease syphilis may have latent periods which vary in length.

True

What infection results in inflammation of the vagina and presents with some degree of vaginal itching?

Vaginitis

______ is a condition of the vagina, characterized by a discharge but no inflammation.

Vaginosis

Treponema pallidum is which type of microorganism?

bacterium

Neurosyphilis can involve any part of the nervous system, but it shows particular affinity for which of the following?

blood vessels in the brain dorsal roots of the spinal cord cranial nerves

Which of the following are the common signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in females?

bloody discharge painful urination

How are discharge diseases transmitted?

bodily fluid contact with mucosa

Neisseria gonorrhoeae grows best in an atmosphere containing increased levels of which of the following gases?

carbon dioxide

Which of the following enzymes are useful for identifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

catalase cytochrome oxidase

Consequences of neurosyphilis include which of the following?

convulsions severe headaches blindness dementia