Microtomy

base-sledge standard sliding

2 types of sliding microtome

Plane-concave Biconcave Plane-wedge

3 types or shape of microtome knives

Rocking Rotary Sliding Freezing Ultrathin

5 kinds of microtome

Bevel angle

Angle formed between cutting edges

slide-on back

Angle is maintained for each knife. by means of

Microtome

Basic instrument used in Microtomy

biconcave knife

Both sides concave

Plane wedge knife

Both sides straight

Queckett

Developed the freezing microtome

Edge first, Heel to toe

Direction of honing

Edge last, Toe to heel

Direction of stropping

Honing proper

Grinding the cutting edge of knife on a stone

10 - 20 strokes

In honing,Minot / Plane wedge knife is turned over every how many strokes?

Sliding

Mcrtm for cutting celloidin embedded sxns

Rotary

Mcrtm for cutting paraffin embedded sxns

Rocking

Mcrtm for cutting serial sxns of large blcks of parffin embedded tss

Ultrathin

Mcrtm for cutting sxns for Electron mxpy

Freezing

Mcrtm for cutting unembedded frozen sxns

Rotary

Mcrtm that allows excellent serial sxns to be cut

Freezing Microtome

Mcrtm with cooling devices

Knife carrier and knife

Microtome part for actual cutting of tss sxn

Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel, and adjustment screws

Microtome part to line up tss blck in proper position with knife, adjustinf proper thickness for tss for successive sxns

Block holder

Microtome part where tss is held in position

Rotary

Minot Microtome

Rotary

Most common mcrtme type for routine and research labs and ideally used to produce ribbons for serial sections

Standard Sliding

Most dangerous type of microtome

plane-concave

One side is flat, other concave

Microtomy

Process where processed tissue is trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under microscope

Stropping

Process whereby "burr" formed during honing is removed and cutting edge of kinife is polished

Cryostat

Provides means of preparing thin sxns of fresh frzn tss for FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING techniques or HISTOCHEMICAL ENZYME STUDIES

To remove blemishes

Purpose of coarse honing

Remove irregularities from knife

Purpose of honing

To acquire an even edge

Purpose of honing proper

Polish and sharpen cutting edge

Purpose of stropping

Cryostat

Refrigerated apparatus used in fresh tss microtomy

Coarse honing

Removal of gross nicks on knife edge

Honing

Removal of gross nicks on knife edge and grinding cutting edge of knife on stone

flywheel

Rotary is operated by rotation of the

Osmium tetroxide, plastic

Specimen used in ultrathin mcrtm is fixed in? Embedded in?

Sections

Term for the uniformly thin slices

Block holder Knife carrier and knife Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel, and Adjustment screws

Three essential parts of microtome

Honing Stropping

Two stages for sharpening knives

0.5 u

Ultrathin microtome is used for cutting tss sxn at how many micra

Cryostat

Used for rapid prep of urgent biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis

Abrasive

a flat circular glass plate with finely powdered aluminum oxide made into paste with water

2-3 microns

a good cutting cutting edge must be able to cut good sections from a paraffin wax block about ------

xylene

afyer honing, wipe off oil or soap from the knife with

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

another name for Rocking Microtome

Rocking

available in 2 sizes, had been used to cut small and large blocks of paeaffin tissues

27-32°

bevel angle

Cryostat

can freeze tissue within 2-3 minutes

15°

clearance angle

Cryostat

consists of rotary microtome kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature between -5 to -30° C by an adjustable thermostat

bevel

cutting facet

Base-Sledge Microtome

favored in lab where very hard tissue or large blocks are usually sectioned

Belgium yellow

for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked Type of hone that usually gives the best result

Arkansas

gives more polishing effect than belgium yellow

Carborundum

hard grinding surface which serves to remove nicks and irregularities on the knife edges (HONE)

40-120 double strokes

how many strokes are required for stropping

30

in Mechanical Honing, atleast ____ strokes are given each side of the knife to which very GENTLE PRESSURE is applied

gentle and steady

in honing, the pressure of the knife should be ---- to keep it from rocking

upward and vertical motion

in rocking microtome, the knife and block holder are brought together by

concave surface

in the plane-concave knives, this should be rubbed on the hone

Paldwell Trefall

invented the rocking microtome

Minot

invented the rotary microtome

Fine carborundum

is much coarser than the 1st 2 types and is used only for badly nicked knives followed by either one of the first 2 knives sharpened

120 mm

length of biconcave knife

25 mm

length of plane concave knife

100 mm

length of plane wedge knife

Standard Sliding Mcrtme

mainly for cutting celoidin

Diamantine

may also be used for final polishing

Abrasive

may be used for grinding and removing nicks

xylol

parts of the microtome should be wiped with ------ after using (avoid xylene)

15 degrees

perfect and OPTIMUM cutting angle for wedge knife

flat side(PC knife)

recommended for cutting celloidin-embedded tussue blocks on a sliding microtome

biconcave knife

recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome

Plane wedge

recommended knife for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base sledge type or sliding microtome

curved plane knife

rocking microtome is not used for serial sections since tissues are cut using

Base-Sledge Microtome

sections on this microtome are cut in a perfectly flat plane

4 u

size of sectionsfor cryostat

vegetable oil (castor oil)

strops are usually treated with----- applied into the back of the strop, not the surface do not use for atleasr 24-48 hours

Base-Sledge Microtome

suited for sectioning specimens embedded in all forms of media especially from tough tissue blocks that produce resistance

soft brush

the accumulated paraffin and small pieces of tissues must be brushed away with a -------

Standard Sliding Mcrtme

the block remains stationary while the knife is moved backward and forward during the process of sectioning

warm soapy water fine oil

the hine should be lubricated with ------ before using

mineral and clove oil xylene liquid paraffin soapy water (for lubrication)

the hone is covered with a thin film of :

broken plate glass

the knife used for cutting ultrathin sections consists mainly of selected fragments of ________

oiled

the movable parts of microtome should be

20-30 times

the number of strokes are usually in the amount of

1/4 to 3/8 inch thick 14 inches long 1-2 imches wider

the plate glass in diamantine measures

size restrictions difficulty of reorienting the block

the rocking microtome is not favored by most lab due to

rocking

the simplest among the different types of microtomes, consisting of a heavy base and two arms (lower arm resting on pivots and a supporting column)

10-12 u

the size of sections produced by rocking microtome

8x3 inches long

the size of the hone

xylene

the surface of hone is wiped clean with a soft cloth with ---- to remove the scattered small particles

CO2

this component is released in freezing microtome to freeze the block holder and tissue evenly

Sliding microtome

this microtome. was developed by Adams

concave sides (PC knife)

used to cut paraffin sections on base sledge, rotary or rocking microtome

freezing microtome

used to cut undehydrated tissues in a frozen state especially in instances when rapid diagnosis is required, histological demonstration of fat is needed for certain neurological structure

Mechanical honing

uses a vibrating frosted glass plate or a wheel driven by an electrical motor