Microtomy
base-sledge standard sliding
2 types of sliding microtome
Plane-concave Biconcave Plane-wedge
3 types or shape of microtome knives
Rocking Rotary Sliding Freezing Ultrathin
5 kinds of microtome
Bevel angle
Angle formed between cutting edges
slide-on back
Angle is maintained for each knife. by means of
Microtome
Basic instrument used in Microtomy
biconcave knife
Both sides concave
Plane wedge knife
Both sides straight
Queckett
Developed the freezing microtome
Edge first, Heel to toe
Direction of honing
Edge last, Toe to heel
Direction of stropping
Honing proper
Grinding the cutting edge of knife on a stone
10 - 20 strokes
In honing,Minot / Plane wedge knife is turned over every how many strokes?
Sliding
Mcrtm for cutting celloidin embedded sxns
Rotary
Mcrtm for cutting paraffin embedded sxns
Rocking
Mcrtm for cutting serial sxns of large blcks of parffin embedded tss
Ultrathin
Mcrtm for cutting sxns for Electron mxpy
Freezing
Mcrtm for cutting unembedded frozen sxns
Rotary
Mcrtm that allows excellent serial sxns to be cut
Freezing Microtome
Mcrtm with cooling devices
Knife carrier and knife
Microtome part for actual cutting of tss sxn
Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel, and adjustment screws
Microtome part to line up tss blck in proper position with knife, adjustinf proper thickness for tss for successive sxns
Block holder
Microtome part where tss is held in position
Rotary
Minot Microtome
Rotary
Most common mcrtme type for routine and research labs and ideally used to produce ribbons for serial sections
Standard Sliding
Most dangerous type of microtome
plane-concave
One side is flat, other concave
Microtomy
Process where processed tissue is trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under microscope
Stropping
Process whereby "burr" formed during honing is removed and cutting edge of kinife is polished
Cryostat
Provides means of preparing thin sxns of fresh frzn tss for FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING techniques or HISTOCHEMICAL ENZYME STUDIES
To remove blemishes
Purpose of coarse honing
Remove irregularities from knife
Purpose of honing
To acquire an even edge
Purpose of honing proper
Polish and sharpen cutting edge
Purpose of stropping
Cryostat
Refrigerated apparatus used in fresh tss microtomy
Coarse honing
Removal of gross nicks on knife edge
Honing
Removal of gross nicks on knife edge and grinding cutting edge of knife on stone
flywheel
Rotary is operated by rotation of the
Osmium tetroxide, plastic
Specimen used in ultrathin mcrtm is fixed in? Embedded in?
Sections
Term for the uniformly thin slices
Block holder Knife carrier and knife Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel, and Adjustment screws
Three essential parts of microtome
Honing Stropping
Two stages for sharpening knives
0.5 u
Ultrathin microtome is used for cutting tss sxn at how many micra
Cryostat
Used for rapid prep of urgent biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis
Abrasive
a flat circular glass plate with finely powdered aluminum oxide made into paste with water
2-3 microns
a good cutting cutting edge must be able to cut good sections from a paraffin wax block about ------
xylene
afyer honing, wipe off oil or soap from the knife with
Cambridge Rocking Microtome
another name for Rocking Microtome
Rocking
available in 2 sizes, had been used to cut small and large blocks of paeaffin tissues
27-32°
bevel angle
Cryostat
can freeze tissue within 2-3 minutes
15°
clearance angle
Cryostat
consists of rotary microtome kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature between -5 to -30° C by an adjustable thermostat
bevel
cutting facet
Base-Sledge Microtome
favored in lab where very hard tissue or large blocks are usually sectioned
Belgium yellow
for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked Type of hone that usually gives the best result
Arkansas
gives more polishing effect than belgium yellow
Carborundum
hard grinding surface which serves to remove nicks and irregularities on the knife edges (HONE)
40-120 double strokes
how many strokes are required for stropping
30
in Mechanical Honing, atleast ____ strokes are given each side of the knife to which very GENTLE PRESSURE is applied
gentle and steady
in honing, the pressure of the knife should be ---- to keep it from rocking
upward and vertical motion
in rocking microtome, the knife and block holder are brought together by
concave surface
in the plane-concave knives, this should be rubbed on the hone
Paldwell Trefall
invented the rocking microtome
Minot
invented the rotary microtome
Fine carborundum
is much coarser than the 1st 2 types and is used only for badly nicked knives followed by either one of the first 2 knives sharpened
120 mm
length of biconcave knife
25 mm
length of plane concave knife
100 mm
length of plane wedge knife
Standard Sliding Mcrtme
mainly for cutting celoidin
Diamantine
may also be used for final polishing
Abrasive
may be used for grinding and removing nicks
xylol
parts of the microtome should be wiped with ------ after using (avoid xylene)
15 degrees
perfect and OPTIMUM cutting angle for wedge knife
flat side(PC knife)
recommended for cutting celloidin-embedded tussue blocks on a sliding microtome
biconcave knife
recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome
Plane wedge
recommended knife for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base sledge type or sliding microtome
curved plane knife
rocking microtome is not used for serial sections since tissues are cut using
Base-Sledge Microtome
sections on this microtome are cut in a perfectly flat plane
4 u
size of sectionsfor cryostat
vegetable oil (castor oil)
strops are usually treated with----- applied into the back of the strop, not the surface do not use for atleasr 24-48 hours
Base-Sledge Microtome
suited for sectioning specimens embedded in all forms of media especially from tough tissue blocks that produce resistance
soft brush
the accumulated paraffin and small pieces of tissues must be brushed away with a -------
Standard Sliding Mcrtme
the block remains stationary while the knife is moved backward and forward during the process of sectioning
warm soapy water fine oil
the hine should be lubricated with ------ before using
mineral and clove oil xylene liquid paraffin soapy water (for lubrication)
the hone is covered with a thin film of :
broken plate glass
the knife used for cutting ultrathin sections consists mainly of selected fragments of ________
oiled
the movable parts of microtome should be
20-30 times
the number of strokes are usually in the amount of
1/4 to 3/8 inch thick 14 inches long 1-2 imches wider
the plate glass in diamantine measures
size restrictions difficulty of reorienting the block
the rocking microtome is not favored by most lab due to
rocking
the simplest among the different types of microtomes, consisting of a heavy base and two arms (lower arm resting on pivots and a supporting column)
10-12 u
the size of sections produced by rocking microtome
8x3 inches long
the size of the hone
xylene
the surface of hone is wiped clean with a soft cloth with ---- to remove the scattered small particles
CO2
this component is released in freezing microtome to freeze the block holder and tissue evenly
Sliding microtome
this microtome. was developed by Adams
concave sides (PC knife)
used to cut paraffin sections on base sledge, rotary or rocking microtome
freezing microtome
used to cut undehydrated tissues in a frozen state especially in instances when rapid diagnosis is required, histological demonstration of fat is needed for certain neurological structure
Mechanical honing
uses a vibrating frosted glass plate or a wheel driven by an electrical motor