Midterm 3

In order for the union to become certified, how many votes must it get during the ballot process?

A simple majority of all those who voted

Eli, a 42 year old computer expert, applied at a software firm, but he was not given the job. He was told that the firm was looking for someone who can design software for the younger generation who use mobile technology. Which act did this firm violate? Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

Arayla respects her manager, but she will question some of her manager's decisions when she doesn't agree with them. She doesn't hesitate to disagree with her boss or a client when she feels they are wrong. Which aspect of personality addresses Arayla's belief about power and status differences?

Authoritarianism

Sales are down, and Francis knows he needs to make some changes to reverse the trend and not only bring sales up to the previous level, but actually increase them by 5% over last year. He is now trying to understand whether the downturn was caused by poor customer service, poor quality product, improper pricing, or some other factor. Which step has Francis reached in the comprehensive approach to change?

Diagnosing relevant variables

Management has announced new procedures for new project launches. Stella and Dani reviewed the new procedures and compared them with current practices. While they see that the current practices could use some modifications, their assessment shows that the new procedures would be less effective and, in the long run, slow down development time and impact long-term growth. As a result, Stella and Dani are resisting this change. What is the basis of their resistance?

Different perceptions

What is the extent to which a person behaves in the same way in different situations?

Distinctiveness

A company has set an objective to increase its product sales by 20 percent in the next two years. According to the comprehensive approach to change, which step of the change process is this company in?

Establishment of goals for the change

When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to interact with them. Which of the following personality traits does Amy portray?

Extraversion

Gamma Corp. is planning to bring in new internal standards for all the products it manufactures. The new standards will ensure better quality and will also help the company gain a competitive advantage. However, the factors that stand in the way of the change are increased workload on employees and the need for skill development among employees. To minimize these factors that hinder the change, Gamma has decided to motivate its employees through a reward system. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

Force-field analysis

Which of the following is true of ranking, a common method of employee appraisal?

It compares employees directly with each other and orders them from best to worst.

Bernard, uses his subordinates to gain personal benefits by promising them false rewards. Bernard's personality trait is an example of _____.

Machiavellianism

Kiara is a newly hired police officer. She has been asked to spend a shift with a more experienced officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to interact with people, and other duties that she will be expected to perform. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

On-the-job training

What are considered to be the two most important types of technical innovations?

Product and process

Ron, a manager at a hardware components manufacturing unit, has recently learned from a subordinate's report that the production rates in his firm have gone down immensely because of poor employee morale. Ron has realized that he needs to make a change in the organization that will motivate employees. Which of the following steps in the comprehensive approach to change is illustrated in the scenario?

Recognizing the need for change

Beta LLC has decided to change its promotion and pay policies for technical people who do not wish to become managers. This will allow it to better attract and retain these types of employees. According to the comprehensive approach to change, which step of the change process is this company in?

Selection of appropriate change technique

Zereth buys leather goods to sell in her shop from a supplier overseas. Recently, it was found that this supplier underpays its workers and has hazardous working conditions. As a result, many customers are refusing to buy this brand. In response, Zereth discontinued that line and replaced it with a local line. Zereth responded to external forces for change in which environment?

Sociocultural

Ugar is interviewing candidates, and he is paying special attention to their communication skills. He believes communication skills are critical for this position. Which of the following is Ugar using as part of his selection process?

Stereotyping

Aisha is preparing a job description so that she can hire additional staff. What type of information should Aisha include in it?

Tools, materials, and equipment needed to perform the job

Which stage of the Lewin model of organization change involves managers letting people who will be affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change?

Unfreezing

When a wronged employee discusses an alleged contract violation with the immediate supervisor, which process has been initiated?

a strike

When an organization uses an employment test that the majority ethnic group is known to pass at a higher rate than minority groups, it is exhibiting _____.

an indirect form of discrimination

Sarah was considering job offers from two different firms. Both jobs are appealing to her, and the salaries meet her needs. However, VuVision offered more vacation days and free gym memberships, while OptiClear had a tuition reimbursement program. Sara was examining the _____ that these companies offer to help her make her decision.

benefits

One reason for an imprecise person-job fit is that _____.

both people and organizations change

Rebeya admires her friend Pallavi's extraverted nature. She knows Pallavi is always ready to meet with her and other colleagues to share ideas. Rebeya's knowledge about Pallavi portrays the _____ component of her attitude.

cognitive

Amelia believes that recreation management, as a specialization, can be understood only outside the confines of a classroom. However, she is required to fulfill a certain number of classroom hours to graduate as a recreation specialist. In this scenario, Amelia is likely to experience _____.

cognitive dissonance

Which of the following is a discussion process between a union and management that focuses on agreeing to a written contract that will cover all relevant aspects of their relationship?

collective bargaining

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____.

consensus

While matching human resource supply and demand, managers can handle predicted shortfalls by _____.

convincing individuals who are approaching retirement to stay on

What is the process of teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs?

development

The key difference between managerial and process innovations is that process innovations _____.

directly affect manufacturing

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure of performance?

dollar of volume of sales

Martin is trying to adopt more automated equipment in his soda bottling facility, and workers are resisting the change. When Martin decides to hold a meeting to explain to workers how the change will be beneficial to them, he is using _____ as a means of overcoming resistance to change.

education

Based on the comprehensive approach to change, _____ is the last step in the change process.

evaluation and follow-up

Consumer tastes and preferences are _____ forces that influence an organization's product line.

external

OSHA inspectors ruled that conditions in a production facility were hazardous and ordered the plant shut down until the company made required changes and passed a reinspection. This is an example of a(n) _____ force for change.

external

As part of an announced company reorganization, Wendy's department has moved from the third floor to the second floor. Wendy does not see her coworkers on the third floor as often, and she misses their camaraderie. As a result, she has a negative attitude toward the entire reorganization. Wendy is experiencing ____, which is leading to her resistance to change.

feelings of loss

Jacque, a manager, is trying to determine if he will be able to reach the appropriate staffing level for the summer rush season. He is viewing reports that indicate the number of people expected to be in the labor market and available for hiring when he needs them. Jacque is_____.

forecasting the external labor supply

Letitia is a salesperson. She routinely sells at a lower volume than her colleagues. However, she offers excellent customer service after the sale, and customers routinely give positive feedback when asked to fill out survey. Her supervisor routinely ranks her as either above average or superior on all items on her performance appraisal, including output. This is an example of _____ error influencing an appraisal.

halo

Chandra has been a bank manager at the same bank for 35 years. She is vital to the bank and has a high level of autonomy and variety in her work. When she speaks about the bank, she often says things like "we offer a variety of account options to our customers." Chandra is exhibiting _____.

high organizational commitment

Which of the following reflects an organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce?

human captial

A(n) _____ represents a special compensation opportunity that is usually tied to performance.

incentive

At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if their performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the amount is added if the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is most likely to be motivating their employees with _____.

incentives

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay. It is all based on time of service and rank. The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence. The medals are an example of _____.

inducements

Physical demands are stressors associated with _____.

job settings

Where would you find information about the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other credentials a person needs to do a particular job?

job specification

Doreen often takes up more tasks than she can handle, and becomes disorganized and careless. In this scenario, Doreen portrays _____.

low levels of conscientiousness

Dorina seems to invent problems where they do not exist. Even when given an ample budget and a roomy schedule, she warns that she may not be able to finish on time and points out all the areas where things could go wrong or come in over budget. Dorina has a high degree of _____.

negative affectivity

A change in reporting relationships within an organization is an example of change in the area of _____.

organization structure

Richard Inc. has been receiving complaints from its customers about the inefficiency of its customer service professionals. The company has now decided to change the recruitment criteria for this role. The new criteria place more emphasis on technical expertise. Richard Inc. is attempting to make a change in the area of _____.

organization structure and design

The temperature at Nettix Inc. is too cold for Royce to concentrate on his work. This is an example of work-related stressors categorized as _____ demands.

physical

Modifying the benefits system on a yearly basis to maintain employee satisfaction is most likely to be a _____ change.

planned

An example of a force for change in the task environment of an organization is

pricing strategies of competitors

Annika is excited about her new job. She thinks it will be exciting, fulfilling, rewarding, and allow her the standard of living she is looking for. She also understands what the organization expects her to contribute. She has made a(n) _____ with her new employer.

psychological contract

Which type of review method compares each employee with a fixed standard rather than a comparison with other employees?

rating

A(n) _____ error occurs when the supervisor bases judgments on employee performance that is fresh in his or her mind.

recency

What is the process of attracting qualified persons to apply for jobs that are open?

recruiting

At stage 2 of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), the person is _____.

resisting the effects of the stressor

What is the compensation paid for total contributions, instead of hours worked?

salary

Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior. This is an example of _____.

selective perception

A(n) _____ is a top-level manager who approves of and supports a project. This person may fight for the budget needed to develop an idea, overcome arguments against a project, and use organizational politics to ensure the project's survival.

sponsor

Fred has seen all the newest releases of war movies, and all of them were directed by women. Fred is a veteran, and he found these movies to be inaccurate. Fred now believes that female directors are not capable of making war movies. Fred's assumptions are an example of _____.

stereotyping

Libra Technologies Inc. frequently asks its employees to rate organizational practices and supervisor effectiveness. The company sends questionnaires to all its employees to get their insights. Which organization development is illustrated in the scenario?

survey feedback

ProDairy Inc. reduced the prices of its products to combat competitors that were selling dairy products at lower prices. This scenario illustrates a force for change present in the _____ of an organization.

task environment

A(n) _____ innovation is a change in the appearance or performance of a product or service or of the physical processes through which a product or service is manufactured.

technical

Watches.com, an online watch store, recently adopted a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to help keep track of the company's inventory and to deliver customers' orders on time. The company's adoption of the new ERP system reflects a change in the area of _____.

technology and operations

Venus LLC has recently hired a new group of employees, and the HR manager intends to share company rules and procedures with the employees. Which of the following training methods is most preferable in this scenario?

the lecture method

Theresa gets her energy from solitude, prefers detail-oriented concrete projects, and bases her decisions on logical reasoning. Based on the Myers-Briggs framework, Theresa can be differentiated as a(n) _____.

thinker

What is defined as determining the extent to which a selection device is really predictive of future job performance?

validation

Which of the following are usually set up through a procedure called job evaluation (an attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs)?

wage structures