Midterm Study Guide/Questions

All of the following are example of phonemic awareness instruction except:

A first grade teacher conducted a lesson on word families and asked children to write words on the whiteboard.

Many learners who have difficulties learning to read:

All of the above.

The dramatic arts provides numerous opportunities for students to respond to stories by:

All of the above.

Which of the following should teachers do to help students that are displaying evidence of lowered self-esteem?

All of the above.

If a student has difficulty with word recognition, which following diagnostic question needs to be addressed?

All of the above. - does the learner have a word recognition strategy? - does the learner have a limited sight vocabulary? - does the learner have difficulty using context clues?

When you teach children to "chunk" word parts by their onset and rimes it is what type of phonics?

Analogy-based

A type of phonics where whole words are learned an the word parts are analyzed.

Analytic

An approach that starts with the learning of the alphabetic principle, then translate the letters into speech sounds and then pieces the sounds together to make words, and has an emphasis on phonics instruction is:

Bottom Up

Direct instruction is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Creates intrinsic motivation

There is scientific evidence that vaccines cause autism.

False

Which reading level would most likely be reflected when a child shows physical behaviors that include frowning and crying?

Frustration Level

Which of the following statements about autism is NOT true?

Girls are more likely than boys to develop autism.

The step in the Gradual Release of Responsibility model during which a teacher lets the students know what they will be learning, uses a think aloud and models the skill or strategy is:

I Do

The writing instructional strategy that provide the LEAST teacher support is:

Independent Writing

A teaching model where questions are posed, teacher serves as a facilitator, students learn by doing and students take ownership of their learning is:

Inquiry based learning

Universal Design for Learning includes all of the following principles EXCEPT:

Interaction

An approach to literacy instruction that is associated with balanced instruction, has a focus on both perceptual and cognitive processes and believes that readers adapt their reading process based on the demands of the text is:

Interactive

This type of comprehender is guided by the schema of the moment and doesn't connect new part of the story to previous parts.

Non-Integrator

This type of comprehender may respond in a questioning manner, simply repeat somthing they have read or respond with "I don't know."

Non-Risk Taker

The word disrespectful contains:

Number of graphemes [graphemes]: 13 Number of phonemes [phonemes]: 13 Number of morphemes [morphemes]: 3

The word slightly contains:

Number of graphemes [graphemes]: 8 Number of phonemes [phonemes]: 6 Number of morphemes [morphemes]: 2

The word happiness contains (just put the number in the blank):

Number of graphemes [graphemes]: 9 Number of phonemes [phonemes]: 7 Number of morphemes [morphemes]: 2

Changing the initial sound in cat to a /b/ to form bat is an example of:

Phoneme substitution

Phonics differs from phonemic in the following way:

Phonics relates to letter-sound relationships; phonemic awareness relates only to sounds.

Ashley's teacher suspects that she may have a hearing loss. Of the following assessments, which would be the most appropriate?

Playing Simon Says by having Ashley and other students face away from the teacher to see if Ashley can follow directions and keep up.

The stage of children's art where children begin to see connections between shapes they draw and the physical world around them:

Preschematic Stage

It is the third week of school and Mr. Jones has recently noticed that one of this students looks really tired and has not been on-task when reading every since the beginning of school. Mr. Jones knows that this student comes from a broken home and he is surround by poverty. What should Mr. Jones do?

Refer the student to a specialist such as a social worker, school nurse or school counselor.

This type of comprehender seems unaware of alternative hypotheses, will throw out information that conflicts with their predictions, and will stick with an original prediction despite conflicting information.

Schema Imposer

A student's belief in his own ability to succeed in accomplishing a task is referred to as:

Self-efficacy

During _____________________________ writing, teacher and students work together to compose a piece of text but the teacher serves as the scribe.

Shared

Which of the following is one of the signs that may indicate a child has dyslexia?

Shows a disparity between listening and reading comprehension.

This type of comprehender draws more on prior knowledge and experiences than on the text, connects an event in the story that cause them to think about events in their lives and make casual inferences about the actions of the character.

Storyteller

What type of phonics starts with learning letter sounds in isolation?

Synthetic

Auditory perception is the ability to discriminate, remember and blend sounds. When these skills are being assessed, what common procedure helps eliminate the possibility of the student lip reading?

Teacher pronounces word pairs while facing away from the student. The student is directed to answer "same" if the two words sound the same or "different" if the two words sound different in any way.

An approach that utilizes literature based instruction, believes that readers can comprehend text even if they don't know every word, emphasizes what the reader brings to the text and where the primary focus of instruction is on the reading sentences, paragraphs and whole selection is:

Top Down

The Knowledge Processes of Multiliteracies as defined in the video include all of the following EXCEPT:

Understanding

Norm-referenced tests are described by all of the following except:

Use classroom-based assessment techniques.

Mark the answer that is true:

Variations identifiable to speakers in a particular geographical area are called regional dialects.

The study of words and their parts.

Word morphology

Reading vocabulary is best defined by which one of the following?

Words in meaning vocabulary that are read and understood in print.

Most of the time during the Writing Workshop should be spent during the step:

Writing

During this step of the Gradual Release of Responsibility, students work collaboratively or independently with the skill or strategy:

You Do

List-Group-Label is:

a categorizing strategy intended to enhance concept development by grouping words that have something in common.

When implementing a spelling program in his classroom, Mr. Nelson recognizes that invented spelling, which is spelling constructed by listening to the sounds heard in a word, is:

a developmentally appropriate process in a student's progress.

Mrs. Smith has a student that can read with both accuracy and comprehension at levels beyond normal expectations. This student would be classified as:

a fluent reader

The vowel and any consonant after it in a syllable defines:

a rime

Common words forms specific to a content field are referred to as:

academic vocabulary.

Key factors of the comprehension process are:

all of the above

Prewriting strategies include:

all of the above

The interactive aspects of fluency are:

all of the above

Students who are read to:

all of the above.

Mrs. Paccini has a student in her class who can read, but chooses not to when offered library time. In addition, she responded on an interest survey that she does not choose to read for pleasure. This student is:

alliterate

A Directed Reading-Thinking Activity is defined as:

an instructional strategy developed to enhance reading comprehension through a prediction-making cycle

Structural analysis refers to:

an instructional unit dealing with meaningful word parts such as variants (word endings), compounds, and derivatives (affixes)

Holding a debate or writing a review is an example of which multiliteracy knowledge process?

analysing

A second grade teacher believes that each student should be assessed, provided with unique specialized instruction that fits his needs, and then reassessed continually. This is an example of:

analytic teaching.

When teaching word recognition, the method VAKT (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile) is especially helpful for learning:

analytical vocabulary

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the Analytic Process?

analyze, generate hypotheses, teach, reexamine.

Tommy, in Mrs. Smith's first grade class, has the ability to remember a sequence of sounds. Tommy is demonstrating the ability of:

auditory memory.

Identify what phonic element is represented by the underlined portions of the following words.

chart (consonant digraph) clap (consonant blend) spoil (diphthong) play (vowel digraph) phonics (consonant digraph) state (consonant blend)

Which is the knowledge of how to actively participate and initiate change in one's community and in the whole of society?

civic literacy

A technique for grouping words that relies on particular criteria provided by the teacher defines:

closed word sorting.

This type of writing, categorized as structured instruction, allows students to experience writing within a social context, which includes a partner(s) or a teacher serving as a role model. What is this type of writing called?

collaborative writing

The knowledge and use of language for oral and written interactions; that is, the internalized knowledge of the structures of language and the ability to use language in various social situations is:

communicative competence.

Successful assessment and evaluation in literacy depend considerably on the tools teachers use. These tools are called tests, but teacher tests can vary and have a range of formats. A test is valid if it measures what it claims to measure and does the task for which it is intended. Which type of validity is best defined by this statement?

content validity.

What is an example of an aesthetic response?

creating a comic strip that depicts a story read in class.

In general, a student with a learning disability:

demonstrates a large discrepancy between achievement and ability in one or more areas.

The most important purpose of an evaluation activity is to:

directly judge the effectiveness of your lesson.

This type of literacy focuses on the unique ways reading and writing are used by experts in a specific discipline or field:

disciplinary literacy

The alphabetic principle states that:

each sound or phoneme in our language has its own distinctive graphic representation.

The transformation that occurs when young children, having been exposed to printed material, actively attempt to discover how oral and written language are created is known as:

emergent literacy

Mrs. Smith's student writes in her journal, "We went on a field trip to see the bird exhibit last week." She is writing in:

expository voice

Concrete and abstract referents are best thought of as:

factors within the text

For a second language learner to acquire grade level competency in academic language skills may take:

five to seven years.

Assessment measure that are used within the classroom and by individual teachers, as opposed to the publisher-prepared, standardized type of test given to large groups of students are called:

formative assessments.

Teachers that would like to reevaluate their students' reading behaviors should:

gather information, evaluate it, generate a teaching hypothesis, select a teaching hypothesis.

Teachers working with a student who has reached his frustration level should:

guide the student to a lower level of reading material.

One technique that won't help a child enjoy writing more is:

having the child edit their work at least three times

A young child who speaks using one word to represent several ideas is in which language development stage?

holographic

The word "run" in the following sentence represents which of the following? The dog went for a run in the run behind the house.

homonyms

This term refers to groups of words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings. What is this called?

homonyms

Words that sound alike but are different in meaning and spelling are:

homophones

In this teaching style, learners are encouraged to seek generalizations for themselves, while the teacher's function is to observe how students carry out this process and to provide reinforcement and additional clues. It is called:

inductive teaching.

Mrs. Wendell wants to estimate the different reading levels for one of her students. She wants to identify her student's independent reading level, instructional reading level, and the frustration reading level. Which tool should be use?

informal reading inventory (IRI)

All of the following are types of reliability EXCEPT:

informational reliability

An early reader is one who:

is learning strategies for word recognition and comprehension

Auditory perception:

is the ability of the brain to interpret and create a clear impression of sound.

Which type of instruction is best suited for an English language learner who is having difficulty with sight vocabulary?

language experience approach

A classifying or categorizing activity, which helps students learn word meanings, could be any of the following activities except:

learning about homophones

When a teacher desires to assess and evaluate a student's reading, he or she will consider the validity, reliability and standard error of measurement of the assessment tool used. Reliability of an assessment tool can be established by each of these parameters except:

making sure that the students taking the test are already functioning at the same level.

What types of clues are specific to the content being read?

meaning clues

Mrs. Smith administers an assessment. The data that she gets are miscues made by the reader, which will help her determine a pattern and to discover whether the miscues affect the meaning of the text. The kind of analysis she will perform is called:

miscue analysis. (Both C and D)

Employing several modes of communication for teaching and learning is known as:

multiple literacies.

All of the following are suggestions for reading aloud to students except:

never go over the time you have set aside for reading aloud

Facilitating questions demonstrate the teacher's efforts to guide students to discover through active participation. Problem solving questions are:

only b and d above. - designed to assist students in dynamic thinking - questions that promote students to figure out the strategies necessary to come up with the answer

Context includes all of the following except:

perceptual units

Which one of the following describes a place where students can record new and unusual words that they have discovered from reading or listening to literature, or words that they "absolutely" must have when they are composing.

personal dictionaries

The components of the phonological system include all of the following except:

pitch.

All of the following can be used as practice activities for vocabulary development except:

practice with rimes

What is the key factor that causes comprehension to be interpreted in different ways?

prior knowledge or experience

One common goal in a comprehensive reading curriculum is to develop fluent readers. Fluency refers to more than just smooth, automatic reading or to a quick reading rate. It also includes the aspect of:

prosody

Which literacy process is characterized by a student's self-concept, attitudes towards reading and writing, interests and motivation?

psychological or affective process

Refers to the stability of a test over time.

reliability

Test-retest is a form of _______________

reliability

When we look at two forms of a test to determine if they are equivalent we are measuring

reliability

Predictable text is:

repetitive and helpful with fluency because it is easy reading

A pragmatic cue refers to:

rules related to the use of language in social or cultural contexts

This cue system is defined as information from an individual's prior knowledge or personal associations with both the content and the structure of the text:

schematic cueing system

The focus of SDAIE (specially designed academic instruction in English) is on the use of:

semantic mapping and graphic organizers.

This refers to meaning or understanding the concepts represented by language

semantics

The criterion element of a student learning objective:

serves to determine whether the lesson helped the learner reach a higher level.

Which competence relates directly to the use of language "to get things done" to include language functions and the social strategic use of language to accomplish communicative goals?

sociolinguistic competence.

Language conventions incude:

spelling, punctuation, capitalization and paragraphing

A learning strategy designed to introduce new vocabulary as well as the overall organization of a selection through the use of a graphic representation of essential terms is called a:

structured overview.

Instructional reading level means:

students can read that level material with some direction and supervision.

An important language skill that refers to the ability of speakers and writers to adapt their language styles to various social contexts is called:

style shifting.

Megan, a 5th grader in Ms. Smith's class, writes her essays as though she is talking to her friends outside on the playground. Both in her writing and in her conversations with Ms. Smith, she uses slang words and is very informal. What important language skill is Megan lacking?

style shifting.

The four knowledge process in multiliteracies include all of the following except:

summarizing

Mr. Jones wants to practice analytic teaching in his classroom. He should:

support all his literacy learners by recognizing their strengths, weaknesses and competencies.

Which linguistic competence system refers to word order in sentences, punctuation, and the use of capital letters?

syntactic system

Word order and the way words are combined into phrases and sentences refer to:

syntax

When assessing meaning vocabulary, the degree of what should be considered?

the degree of word knowledge.

Linguistic competence refers to the:

the internalized knowledge of the phonological and syntactic structures of language.

One of the following allows developing readers and writers to connect their oral language with the written language. The texts produced in these lessons become good drafts for future development of linguistic skills and process. These statements describe what is known as:

the language experience approach.

The term assessment accurately refers to:

the process of gathering information about a student's strength or difficulties.

Phonology refers to:

the system of speech sounds

The act of producing a written composition, including prewriting, drafting, revising, editing and publishing describes:

the writing process

What is the goal of all comprehension instructional techniques?

to help students become more actively involved with text

Direct instruction is a model of teaching that is both highly structured and teacher initiated. This model is useful in helping readers that have difficulty:

understanding how to read strategically.

Of the following words, which contains one free and two bound morphemes?

unlikely

The arts can be incorporated into an oral language development program for early literacy through the following activities:

unrehearsed puppet shows

When a test can predict future performance, it is said to have

validity

Whether a test measure what it purports to measure

validity

Word configuration boxes can help students, especially English language learners:

visualize the orthography of the English language.

In the word donkey, the ey is an example of:

vowel digraph

Students who are good comprehenders use all of the following comprehension subskills EXCEPT:

word by word reading