MIDTERM STUDY SPEECH

It is not okay to use handouts during a speech presenta!on.

False

Listening is something most everyone does without even trying.

False

The linear model of communication is seen as an ongoing circular process.

False

The most well established way of finding research to support your ideas is to use personal testimony.

False

The specific purpose statement of a speech may be to inform, to persuade, to inspire, celebrate, entertain or to mourn. Thus, it is common to frame a general purpose statement around one of these goals.

False

The textbook advises you to construct your introduction FIRST.

False

The textbook describes techniques for building confidence. Getting a good night's rest is one of those techniques mentioned.

False

There is only one type of organiza!onal speech writing style discussed in the textbook.

False

When giving a speech you should NOT be cautious of sexist and heterosexual language.

False

You shouldn't refrain from using profanity in your speeches.

False

You shouldn't use objects and props as visual aids.

False

Your textbook discusses two types of frames of reference. They are are habitual frame of reference and interpersonal frame of reference.

False

Functions of Introductions

Gain Attention and Interest, Gain Goodwill, Clearly State the Purpose, Preview and Structure the Speech

The process of creating meanings in the minds of others is called:

Group Communication

Which is NOT a value of listening discussed in your textbook?

International Benefits

Strategies to Enhance Listening

Keep and open mind, Identify Distractions, Come Prepared, Take Notes

Models of Communication

Linear, Transactional

Main Points vs Sub-Points

Main points of any speech are the key pieces of information or arguments contained within the talk or presentation, main points are broad and can be encapsulated in just a sentence or two and represent the big ideas you want to convey to your audience Sub-points - examples, statistics, facts, anecdotes, or other information that contribute to the audience's understanding of the main points. All of these things make up the sub-points, which are used to help prove the main points.

Encouraging Effective Listening

Make your Listeners care, Cue your Listeners, Convince them to engage

Providing Feedback to Speakers

Non-verbal Feedback, Verbal Feedback

Nonverbal Aspects of Delivery

Personal appearance, movement and gestures, facial expressions, eye contact

Types of Visual Aids

Personal appearance, objects and props, dmeonstration, posters and flip charts, audio and video, handouts, slideware

Benefits of Public Speaking

Personal, Professional, Public

Public Speaking can benefit you in different aspects of your life. Which of the following isn't a way discussed in your textbook?

Private

This celebrated orator emphasized the value of a moral defense in the community. He stated an orator must be a good man morally and not just an effective speaker.

Quintillian

The psychological discomfort felt when a person is presented with two compe!ng ideas or pieces of evidence

cognitive dissonance

__________ had been a teacher of rhetoric before converting to Christianity. He was very instrumental in the Christian Church adopting Ciceronian rhetoric.

St. Augustine

Connecting you main points

Transitional statements, internal previews, summaries

A change in attitude can be fostered through a self-reflective regimen called cognitive restructuring.

True

According to the textbook, library resources include: books, periodicals and full text databases.

True

Allowing us to survive and evolve is a function of informa!ve speeches.

True

Articulation is described by how well you form vowels and consonants using our lips, jaws, tongue, and palate to form the sounds that are iden!fied as speech.

True

Communication occurs when we try to transfer what is in our minds to the minds of the audience. Language on the other hand, is the means by which we communicate-- a system of of symbols we use to form messages.

True

Do NOT include any new information during your conclusion.

True

Hearing is unintentional, whereas listening requires you to pay conscious attention.

True

Informative speakers should be objective, knowledgeable, and credible.

True

Lay testimony is any testimony based on witnesses' opinions or perceptions in a given case. Lay testimony can offer insight into the past and into areas where sentiments are relevant.

True

Offering your testimony within a speech provides an example of your point, and it enhances your credibility by demonstrating that you have experience regarding the topic.

True

Personal appearance can be a form of a visual aid.

True

Some of most popular used internet search engines include Google, Bing, Yahoo!, and Ask.

True

The Three A's of Active Listening discussed in the textbook are: Attention, Attitude, and Adjustment.

True

The best way to manage the stress of delivering a speech is by being well prepared.

True

The fear of public speaking is also identified or known as communica!on apprehension.

True

The fear of public speaking is one of the most common fears in our society.

True

The first function of the introduc!on is to get the attention AND the interest of the audience.

True

There are barriers to effective listening discussed in the textbook that includes anticipating, judging, and reacting emotionally.

True

There are three types of speeches: To inform, to persuade and to entertain.

True

Visual aids can enhance your overall presentation.

True

When making slides, you want to make sure the slide is uncluttered with not too much information on it.

True

When selecting a topic you should ask yourself several questions. You should select a topic that is appropriate to the audience and occasion.

True

You should rehearse your speech in order to prepare for delivery.

True

Speaking Competencies

Useful Topic, Engaging Introduction, Clear Organization, Well-supported Ideas, Closure in Conclusion, Clean and Vivid Language, Suitable Vocal Expression, Corresponding Nonverbals, Adapted to the Audience, Adept use of visuals aids, Convincing Persuasion

specific purpose statement

a one sentence summary of the goal of your speech, that may begin with the phrase, "At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to..". This statement guides your research as you piece together the supporting evidence to fill out the remainder of your speech

thesis statement

encapsulates the main points of a speech in just a sentence or two, and it is designed to give audiences a quick preview of what the entire speech will be about

3 types of plagiarism

global, patchwork, incremental

Types of Speeches

informative, persuasive, special occasion

internal previews

lay out what will occur during your speech

Methods of Delivery

manuscript style, memorized style, impromptu style, extemporaneous style

general purpose statement

may be to inform, to persuade, to inspire, to celebrate, to mourn, or to entertain

emotional triggers

may include reactions to loss, depression, frustration, self-perception, past life events, personality

Things to keep in mind when using prezi/powerpoint

no red, too little/much information, low/high contrast image, Cluttered image, centered/rule of thirds, z-pattern, Looking away/at content, warm and cool colors, complementary/analogous colors, fonts, quotations, pixelated images, watermarks, Complex chart, chart, simple graphic, pie chart, line graph, bar chart

Personal appearance and eye contact are examples of ____________.

nonverbal aspects of delivery

ethical listener

one who actively interprets shared material and analyzes the content and speaker's effectiveness

Which of the following is NOT an element of the Communica!on Process?

personal testimony

3 types of testimony

personal, lay, expert

Functions of Conclusions

prepare the audience for the end of the speech, present any final appeals, summarize and close, end with a clincher, appeals and challenges

Techniques for Building Confidence

prepare well, visualize success, avoid gimmicks, breathe and release, minimize what you memorize, practice out loud, customize your practice

summaries

provide a recap of what has already been said, making it more likely that audiences will remember the points that they hear again

internet resources

search engines, defining search terms, websites, government documents

__________ are words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points.

signposts

Attention-Getting Strategies

tell a story, refer to the occasion, refer to recent or historical events, refer to previous speeches, refer to personal interest, use startling statistics, use an analogy, use a quotation, ask a question, use humor

Communication Apprehension

the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others or public speaking

Ethics

the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions

Transactional Model of Communication

the theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver; circular

Linear Model of Communication

theory that views communication as a one-way process in which a source conveys an encoded message through a channel to a receiver, who then decodes that message; Sender, Channel, Receiver

___________are phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct-but-connected idea to another.

transitional statements

listening

when we interpret (or make sense of) those sound waves

signposts

words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points

Questions for selecting a Topic

- What important events are occurring locally, nationally, and internationally? - What do I care about most? - Is there someone or something I can advocate for? - What makes me angry/happy? - What beliefs/attitudes do I want to share? - Is there some information the audience needs to know?

Which of the following is a method of delivery style discussed in the textbook?

ALL OF THE ABOVE

You should do the following when preparing your conclusion:

ALL OF THE ABOVE

The Value of Listening

Academic Benefits, Professional Benefits, Personal Benefits

preparation vs. speaking outline

Also called a working, practice, or rough outline, the preparation outline is used to work through the various components of your speech in an inventive format - helps prepare speech; is the outline you will prepare for use when delivering the speech, includes brief phrases or words that remind the speakers of the points they need to make, plus supporting material and signposts

style guide

An established set of standards for formatting written documents and citing sources for information within the document; Modern language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)

Barriers to Effective Listening

Anticipating, Judging, Reacting Emotionally

Who defined rhetoric as the faculty of discovering in the particular case all the available means of persuasion?

Aristotle

Aristotle's view of Ethics

Aristotle claimed that a person who had ethos, or credibility, was not only able to convey good sense and good will, but also good morals

Three A's of Active Listening

Attention, Attitude, Adjustment

Organizational Styles

Chronological, topical, spatial, comparative, problem-solution, causal

This man was an important par!cipant in many of the significant poli!cal events of his time. He is considered to be the greatest of the Roman orators, and was, among other things, a lawyer, politician, and philosopher.

Cicero

The tendency for a group to stick together and remain unified in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives:

Cohesiveness

_______________Was an elder citizen considered to be the wisest of the Greeks. He was commissioned to organize the laws into codification.

Draco

In the transactional model of communica!on, communication is seen as a one way process of transmitting a message from one person to another person.

False

Elements of the Communication Process

Encoding and Decoding, Communicator, Message, Channel, Noise, Worldview, Context

A "toast" is a type of informative speech.

False

cognitive restructuring

an internal process through which individuals can deliberately adjust how they perceive an action or experience

transitional statements

are phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct- but-connected idea to another

Telling a story, using startling sta!s!cs, using an analogy and using humor are all ______________.

attention-getting strategies

A speaker analyzes an audience for demographics, dispositions and knowledge of the topic:

audience analysis

library resources

books, periodicals, full-text databases