MIS Module 13 - Artificial Intelligence and Automation

Summarize each of the four types of intelligent agents and how they are used.

Shopping and information agents help users navigate through the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information. Personal agents perform specific tasks for a user, such as remembering information for filling out Web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed. Data-mining agents work with a data warehouse, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data items that were not readily apparent. Monitoring and surveillance agents usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur.

Describe how genetic algorithms are used. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are search algorithms that mimic the process of natural evolution.

They are used to generate solutions to optimization and search problems using such techniques as mutation, selection, crossover, and chromosome.

Describe the ethical issues of AI

They include AI bias, AI mistakes, wealth inequality, humanity, and unemployment.

True or False: Contextual computing refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and—based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with—offer recommendations.

True

True or False: Intelligent agents are also known as bots (short for robots).

True

Forward Chaining

a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs is performed.

Knowledge acquisition facility

a software package with manual or automated methods for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts, making the expert system capable of growth.

Robotic process automation offers all of the following advantages except: a. Increased costs b. Improved accuracy and quality c. Increased employee productivity d. Increased customer satisfaction

a. Increased costs

Fuzzy Logic

allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.

Artificial Neural Networks

are networks that learn and are capable of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers, such as playing chess, recognizing patterns in faces and objects, and filtering spam e-mail.

Robots

are one of the most successful applications of AI. They perform well at simple, repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs.

Genetic Algorithms (GAs)

are search algorithms that mimic the process of natural evolution. They are used to generate solutions to optimization and search problems using such techniques as mutation, selection, crossover, and chromosome.

Intelligent Agents

are software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes; they are becoming more popular, especially in e-commerce.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought and behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. AI technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities.

All of the following are benefits of integrating AI into DSS except: a. Adding deductive reasoning to traditional DBMS functions b. Improving access speed c. Simplifying query operations with heuristic search algorithms d. All of these choices

d. All of these choices

All of the following are ethical issues of AI except: a. AI bias b. AI mistakes c. Wealth inequality d. All of these choices

d. All of these choices

Augmented Intelligence

goal is to complement decision makers, not replace them.

Expert Systems

mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area.

Backward Chaining

the expert system starts with the goal—the "then" part—and backtracks to find the right solution.

Monitoring and Surveillance Agents

usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur.

Natural-Language Processing (NLP)

was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language.

Data-mining agents

work with a data warehouse, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data items that were not readily apparent

Shopping and Information Agents

help users navigate through the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information. These agents can navigate the Web much faster than humans and gather more consistent, detailed information. They can serve as search engines, site reminders, or personal surfing assistants.

Machine Learning

is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience. In other words, computers learn without being explicitly programmed.

Soft Robot

made of elastomer, is simpler to make and less expensive than conventional robots, and is used for an increasing number of applications.

Personal Agents

perform specific tasks for a user, such as remembering information for filling out Web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed.

Explanation Facility

performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.

Contextual Computing

refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and—based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with—offer recommendations.

Knowledge Base Management System (KBMS)

similar to a DBMS, is used to keep the knowledge base updated with changes to facts, figures, and rules.

Knowledge Base

similar to a database, but in addition to storing facts and figures, it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with facts.

Inference Engine

similar to the model base component of a decision support system. By using different techniques such as forward and backward chaining, it manipulates a series of rules.

Case-based reasoning

Is a problem solving technique that matches a new case (problem) with a previously solved case and its solution, the details of which have been stored in a database. After finding a match, the CBR system offers a solution; if no match is found, even after more information is supplied, the human expert must solve the problem.

Explain AI impacts on automation.

Machine learning and AI are spreading rapidly with the advent of self-driving cars, software that can respond to customer service inquiries, and robots that can manage assembly lines, flip hamburgers, cook pizza, and check store inventory. Robotic process automation (RPA) offers a number of advantages, such as cost effectiveness and improved accuracy and quality, for organizations that deploy robots strategically for the right applications.

Explain machine learning and artificial neural networks.

Machine learning is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience. In other words, computers learn without being explicitly programmed. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are networks that learn and are capable of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers, such as playing chess, recognizing patterns in faces and objects, and filtering spam e-mail.

Explain natural-language processing and its major categories.

Natural-language processing (NLP) was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language. Its major categories include interfaces to databases, machine translation, text scanning and intelligent indexing programs for summarizing large amounts of text, generating text for automated production of standard documents, and speech systems for voice interaction with computers.

Describe the five benefits of integrating AI technologies into decision support systems:

1. Adding deductive reasoning to traditional DBMS functions, 2. improving access speed, 3. improving the creation and maintenance of databases, 4. adding the capability to handle uncertainty and fuzzy data, and 5. simplifying query operations with heuristic search algorithms.

Define artificial intelligence and explain how AI technologies support decision making

Artificial intelligence (AI) consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought and behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. AI technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities. They can be used in diverse industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and banking.

Describe case-based reasoning, including the four Rs involved in its design and implementation.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case (problem) with a previously solved case and its solution, the details of which have been stored in a database. After finding a match, the CBR system offers a solution; if no match is found, even after more information is supplied, the human expert must solve the problem. The four Rs involved are retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain.

Explain contextual computing

Contextual computing refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and—based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with—offer recommendations.

Describe an expert system, its applications, and its components.

Expert systems mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area. Components of an expert system include a knowledge acquisition facility, a knowledge base, a knowledge base management system (KBMS), a user interface, an explanation facility, and an inference engine.

True or False: In backward chaining, a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs are performed.

False

Describe fuzzy logic and its uses

Fuzzy logic allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership. It is used in appliances, search engines, automobiles, and much more.