MIS180 Chapter 7

Two major advantages of DSL over dial-up.

1) It can transmit and receive data much faster 2) "Always on" connection to their ISP so users can simultaneously talk on the phone and access the Internet

Challenges of a connected world (2)

1) Security 2) Social, ethical, and political issues

Networks offer many advantages for a business (3)

1) Sharing resources 2) Providing opportunities 3) Reducing travel

Modem

A device that enables a computer to transmit and receive data.

Broadband

A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected. Greater than 2 Mbps.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A large computer network usually spanning a city.

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

A local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet.

Wireless Fidelity (wi-fi)

A means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves.

Streaming

A method of sending audio and video files over the Internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it is being transferred.

Wireless MAN (WMAN)

A metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data.

Intranet

A restricted network that relies on Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the company for information sharing, communications, collaboration, web publishing, and the support of business process.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A satellite-based navigation system providing extremely accurate position, time, and speed information. It uses 24 global satellites that orbit Earth, sending signals to a receiver that can communicate with 3 or 4 satellites at a time

3G

A service that brings wireless broadband to mobile phones.

Satellite

A space station that orbits the Earth receiving and transmitting signals from Earth-based station over a wide area.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser, ensuring that all data passed between them remain private.

Protocol

A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rule to be followed during transmission.

T1 Lines

A type of data connection able to transmit a digital signal at 1.544 Mpbs. May be the most cost effective method and more reliable than DSL or cable.

Wireless WAN (WWAN)

A wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data. Operates like wi-fi but over greater distances and with higher bandwidths

Low bandwidth

IPTV conserves bandwidth because the provider sends only a single channel

Connection process of service providers

NSP-->RSP-->ISP

Wireless

Refers to any type of operation accomplished without the use of hard-wired connection

.gov

Reserved for U.S. government agencies.

.mil

Reserved for U.S. military.

.edu

Reserved for accredited postsecondary institutions.

.biz

Reserved for businesses.

.com

Reserved for commercial organizations and businesses.

.org

Reserved for nonprofit organizations.

WiMax Tower

Serves as an access point and can connect to the Internet or another tower. A single tower can provide up to 3,000 square miles of coverage, so only a few are needed to cover an entire city. They can support data communications at a rate of 70 Mbps

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country.

Bluetooth

Wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances between cell phones, computers, and other devices. Up to eight can be paired simultaneously.

Geographical span

What's used to categorize a network

802.11

-A set of standards carrying out wireless local area network communication. -The bandwidths associated with wi-fi are separated according to several wireless network standards known as this

SSL Certificate

-An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company -If a company is using SSL, a lock icon appears in the lower right-hand corner of the user's web browser

Methods for encrypting network traffic on the web (2)

-Security sockets layer (SSL) -Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS)

IPTV features (4)

-Support of multiple devices -Interactivity with users -Low bandwidth -Personlization

TCP

-Verifies the correct delivery of data because data can become corrupt when traveling over a network -Ensures the size of the data packet is the same throughout its transmission and can even retransmit data until delivered correctly

Gigabits

1 Gbps = 1,000 Mbps

Kilobits

1 Kbps = 1,000 bps

Megabits

1 Mbps = 1,000 Kbps

WWAN technologies can be divided into two categories

1) Cellular communication systems 2) Satellite communication systems

Some common GIS uses (5)

1) Finding what is nearby 2) Routing information 3) Sending information alerts 4) Mapping densities 5) Mapping quantities

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

A communications technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over metropolitan area networks.

Peer-to-peer (P2P)

A computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than a centralized server (Skype)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

A computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than a centralized server.

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

A wireless security protocol to protect wi-fi networks.

Digital Divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology.

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Allows high-speed digital data transmission over standard telephone lines.

Cable

Always-on connection. Special cable modem and cable line required. it is a shared resource with other users in the area.

DSL

Always-on connection. Special modem needed. Makes use of the existing local telephone infrastructure.

Extranet

An extension of an intranet that is only available to authorized outsiders, such as customers, partners, and suppliers.

Location-Based Services (LBS)

Applications that use location information to provide a service. Designed to give mobile users instant access to personalized local content and range from 911 applications and buddy finders

Hotspots

Areas around access points where users can connect to the Internet

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Companies can establish direct private network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the Internet.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects a group of computers in proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home.

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Consists of hardware, software, and data that provide location information for display on multidimensional map.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Converts IP address into domains, or identifying labels that use a variety of recognizable naming conventions.

Two of the most important dimensions that make LANs, WANs, and MANs different

Cost and performance

Internet Protocol (IPTV)

Distributes digital video content using IP across the Internet and private IP networks.

Interactivity with users

Interactive applications and programs are supported by IPTVs two-way communication path

The biggest benefit of VoIP

Its low cost

T1

Leased lines for high bandwidth. More expensive than dial-up, DSL, or cable.

Mobile

Means the technology can travel with the user, for instance, users can download software, email messages, and web messages onto a laptop or other mobile device for portable reading or reference

Regional Service Providers (RSPs)

Offer Internet service by connecting to NSPs, but they also can connect directly to each other.

Smart phones

Offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity than basic cell phones.

A line-of-sight service

Offers a fixed antenna that points at the WiMax tower from a rooftop or pole. The distance from the antenna to the tower can be as great as 30 miles

Dial-Up Access

On-demand access using a modem and regular telephone line. Cheap but slow compared with other technologies. Maximum rate of 56 Kbps.

.info

Open to any person or entity, but intended for information providers.

.net

Open to any person or entity.

Support of multiple devices

PCs and televisions can access IPTV services

National Service Providers (NSPs)

Private companies that own and maintain the worldwide backbone that supports the Internet.

Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS)

Protects against interception of communications, transferring credit card information safely and securely with special encryption techniques

Personal Area Networks (PANs)

Provide communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owned and operated by a single user.

Internet Cable Connections

Provides Internet access using a cable television company's infrastructure and special cable modem. Unlike DSL, cable is a shared service, which means everyone in a certain radius, such as a neighborhood, shares the available bandwidth.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Provides access to the Internet for a monthly fee

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks.

Flaw in TCP/IP

The complexity of the IP addresses

Network Convergence

The efficient coexistence of telephone, video, and data communication within a single network, offering convenience and flexibility not possible with separate infrastructures. It means that one provider gives multiple services

Unified Communications (UC)

The integration of communication channels into a single service. This can decrease the communication costs for a business while enhancing the way individuals communicate and collaborate.

Internet

The largest and most important network

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time. The faster the connection, the faster this will be

Bit Rate (or Data Rate)

The number of bits transferred or received per unit of time.

Bit

The smallest element of data and has a value of either 0 or 1.

Wireless access point

This consists of a transmitter with an antenna that is often built into the hardware and receives the signal and decodes it

Network Access Points (NAPs)

Traffic exchange points in the routing hierarchy of the Internet that connects NSPs.

Personlization

Users can choose not only what they want to watch, but also when they want to watch it

Voice Over IP (VoIP)

Uses IP technology to transmit telephone calls.

A non-line-of sight service

Uses a small antenna on a mobile device that connects to a WiMax tower less than six miles away where transmissions are disrupted by physical obstructions

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

Uses electronics tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances. It holds the promise of replacing existing identification technologies such as the bar code

IP

Verifies the data are sent to the correct address.