Mod 2 Bio Lab

product

At the end of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, _________ will be formed. denatured enzyme product substrate active site

True

Bacteria have genetically engineered to produce human insulin. True or False

7

Based the pH data for the catalase experiment, at which pH was catalase just the right shape? 7 2 12.45

DNA RNA protein

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell. (Hint: the Central Dogma.) RNA DNA protein DNA RNA protein ER DNA RNA protein ER DNA Golgi protein

first left purple

Click on the nitrogen atom tht is part of the hydrogen bond in thymine.

the two yellows

Click on the phosphorus group associated with the guanine nucleotide.

a peptide bond

Each new amino acid is attached to the growing chain by a. a peptide bond. b. hydrogen bonds. c. an RNA bond. d. an ionic bond. e. a physical bond.

Breaking rigid cell wall

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes in the cell. Blending Break down cell membrane Breaking rigid cell wall Precipitate DNA into visible strands Breakdown of proteins Binds to DNA during blending

Break down cell membrane

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes in the cell. Detergent Break down cell membrane Breaking rigid cell wall Precipitate DNA into visible strands Breakdown of proteins Binds to DNA during blending

Precipitate DNA into visible strands

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes in the cell. Ice-cold ethanol Break down cell membrane Breaking rigid cell wall Precipitate DNA into visible strands Breakdown of proteins Binds to DNA during blending

shape

The _____ of a protein (enzyme) determines its function.

2 H2O2 -------------> 2H2O and O2 + heat

The correct reaction for the catalase enzyme is......... 2 H2O2 -------------> 2H2O and O2 + heat H2O2 -------------> H2O and O2 + heat 2 H2O -------------> 2H2O2 and O2 + heat 2 O2 -------------> 2H2O and H2O2 + heat H2O -------------> H2O2 and O2 + heat

c. DNA.

The hereditary material that is present in all cells is a. protein. b. RNA. c. DNA. d. R-strain. e. S-strain.

oxygen gas and water

The product(s) of the catalase reaction are........ hydrogen gas only oxygen gas and water water only oxygen gas and hydrogen peroxide oxygen gas only

Amino acid

Which molecule is NOT found in DNA? Phosphate Deoxyribose Adenine Nitrogenous bases Amino acid

substrate and competitive inhibitor

Which of the following will bind to the active site of an enzyme? a. substrate b. competitive inhibitor c. allosteric inhibitor d. non competitive inhibitor e. substrate and competitive inhibitor

tRNA

translates the genetic code into an amino acid code mRNA tRNA rRNA

proline-threonine.

A part of a mRNA molecule with the following sequence (5'-CCGACG-3') is being translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form cysteine-alanine. proline-threonine. glycine-cysteine. alanine-alanine. threonine-glycine.

DNA.

All of the following are directly involved in translation EXCEPT ribosomes tRNA amino acids DNA mRNA.

b. catalysts increase activation energy requirements.

All the following statements pertaining to catalysts are true EXCEPT a. biological catalysts are specific enzymes. b. catalysts increase activation energy requirements. c. catalysts increase reaction rate. d. catalysts are not permanently altered during reaction. e. catalysts can be used over and over again.

37 degrees Celsius

Amylase is an enzyme that is produced in human salivary glands and secreted into the mouth to aid in starch digestion.Based on the fact that this enzyme is found in our bodies, what do you hypothesize would be the optimal temperature for amylase? 42 degrees Celsius 37 degrees Celsius 15 degrees Celsius 21 degrees Celsius

Its shape changed permanently such that the substrate no longer fit inside

Based on the catalase experiment results at pH 2, what can you conclude happened to the active site? It stayed the same shape Its shape changed permanently such that the substrate no longer fit inside Its shape changed temporarily such that the substrate no longer fit inside Its shape changed but the substrate still fit inside

Below the green (lowest) line shown because this enzyme was denatured.

Between the green (lowest) and the blue (middle) lines because some of the enzyme was losing its shape. Between the blue (middle) and red (top) lines because it is almost too hot so some the hydrogen peroxide broke. Below the green (lowest) line shown because this enzyme was denatured. Above the red line because higher temperature causes the reaction to go faster.

contain phosphate groups.

Both DNA and RNA are single-stranded molecules. contain the same four types of nitrogen-containing bases. have the same five-carbon sugars. contain phosphate groups. cannot both be present in a cell simultaneously.

hydrogen bonds

Complementary base pairs are held together by peptide bonds hydrogen bonds disulfide bonds covalent bonds ionic bonds

Nucleic Acids

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are types of .... proteins. lipids. carbohydrates. Nucleic Acids

false

DNA replication occurs without errors due to the complementary base pairing used in the copying process. True or False?

guanine

Each rung of the DNA ladder consists of a pair of nitrogenous bases. If one of the bases is cytosine the other base will be ___

function

Enzyme shape is critical to its _________________, 1. none 2. function 3. primary structure 4. its code 5. temperature.

activation

Enzymes lower ________ energy.

At high concentrations of substrate, all of the enzyme molecules are bound to substrate molecules.

For many enzymes the rate of product formation increases as the concentration of substrate increases. Eventually the rate of the reaction reaches a maximum, where further increases in the concentration of substrate have no effect. Why? a. At high concentrations of substrate, all of the enzyme molecules are bound to substrate molecules. b. At high concentrations of substrate, the activation energy of the reaction increases. c. At high concentrations of substrate, the activation energy of the reaction decreases. d. The enzyme is no longer specific for substrate. e. At high concentrations of substrate, the reaction is endergonic.

genetically modified organism

GMO stands for

the flow of genetic information from genes to proteins.

Gene expression is how genes are passed from parent to offspring. the unique set of genes in an individual. the banding pattern seen on a chromosome. the flow of genetic information from genes to proteins. the same as replication.

A denatured protein has no secondary or tertiary structure.

How is a denatured protein different from a normal protein? a. A denatured protein does contain amino acids. b. A denatured protein has no secondary or tertiary structure. c. A denatured protein is composed of nucleotides. d. A denatured protein contains many disulfide bridges.

90

If a bacterial protein has 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for it? 30 60 90 120 600

lys

If a tRNA molecule has the anticodon, UUU, what amino acid does it carry to the ribosome? phe lys met none

increases

In general, one can assume as the concentration of enzyme increases the rate of reaction ________. decreases stays the same both increases and decreases increases

The substrate is consumed

In the catalase concentration experiments why does the curve on the graph start to level off after seven to eight minutes? The substrate is consumed The enzyme is consumed The enzyme stops working after 30 seconds The reaction gets too hot

It denatured

In the experiment, what happened to catalase at pH 2? It didn't change It defragmented It denatured It renatured

transcription.

In the sequence: DNA-(1) RNA-(2) protein, step (1) is called translation. amino acid synthesis. DNA replication. transcription. dehydration synthesis..

a lack of hydrolysis of lactose.

Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, and its digestion requires the actions of the enzyme lactase If the lactose is taken in as part of the diet, but not digested by lactase, this sugar is then metabolized by bacteria in the intestine, leading to the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance, therefore, results from a. a lack of hydrolysis of lactose. b. a lack of dehydration synthesis of lactose. c. a low blood glucose level. d. an inability of the body to produce glucose.

Breakdown of proteins

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes in the cell. Meat Tenderizer Break down cell membrane Breaking rigid cell wall Precipitate DNA into visible strands Breakdown of proteins Binds to DNA during blending

Binds to DNA during blending

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes in the cell. Salt Break down cell membrane Breaking rigid cell wall Precipitate DNA into visible strands Breakdown of proteins Binds to DNA during blending

Ice-cold ethanol

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes you observed during the experiment. Cloudy mass of threads add detergent stirring after adding meat tenderize ice-cold ethanol blending the onion

add detergent

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes you observed during the experiment. Formation of a thick sudsy foam add detergent stirring after adding meat tenderize ice-cold ethanol blending the onion

blending the onion

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes you observed during the experiment. None of these add detergent stirring after adding meat tenderize ice-cold ethanol blending the onion

Stirring after adding meat tenderize

Match the DNA isolation steps to the changes you observed during the experiment. Thickening of the filtered solution add detergent stirring after adding meat tenderize ice-cold ethanol blending the onion

20

Organisms contain thousands of different proteins composed of ________ amino acids. a. 4 b. 20 c. 100 d. 1000 e. approx. 5000

2, 1, 4, 3

Place the steps of enzyme catalysis in the correct order. 1. substrate and enzyme change shape 2. substrate enters the active site 3. enzyme reverts to original configuration 4. product is expelled a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 3, 4, 2 c. 2, 1, 4, 3 d. 2, 1, 3, 4 e. 2, 3, 1, 4

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. is made in the nucleolus. carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division. must be made by the ribosomes.

Nucleus

RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the RER. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA must pass through pores in the envelope of the ________.

5' to 3'

RNA is read in which direction? None 3' to 3' 5' to 5' 5' to 3' 3' to 5'

nucleotides

The monomers of DNA and RNA are nucleotides amino acids monosaccharides nucleic acids

amino acids

The monomers of proteins are............ amino acids. nucleotides. fatty acids. monosaccharides.

37

The optimal temperature for the catalase enzyme based on the experimental results was _______ degrees Celsius. 37 15 21

increasing the temperature to 39 and keeping the pH at 7.3.

The optimum reaction rate of a particular enzyme occurs at pH 7.3 at 37 C. This reaction would probably occur faster by a. decreasing the pH and increasing the temperature. b. increasing the temperature to 39 and keeping the pH at 7.3. c. increasing the pH and maintaining the temperature at 37. d. increasing both temperature and pH.

DNA

The primary sequence of amino acids in the structure of proteins is determined by the Your Mom's genetics tRNA DNA The secondary structure

hydrogen peroxide only

The substrate(s) of the catalase reaction is / are........ oxygen gas only catalase and oxygen gas hydrogen peroxide and catalase water only hydrogen peroxide only

antiparallel

The word _____ is used to describe the fact that the two strands of nucleotides in a DNA molecule run in opposite directions. The ribose molecules point upward in one strand and downward in the other.

R

There are 20 different amino acids that are used by living organisms to make proteins. The all have the basic design, but they differ at the ______ group.

5'AUG3'

Transcribe this DNA to RNA. You must include the 3' and 5' in the answer. Do not put any spaces in the answer. 3'TAC5'

synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template.

Transcription is the process of synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template. assembling an RNA molecule without a template. synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template. synthesizing a protein using information from a mRNA. replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule.

True

True or False -- An enzyme is required to have the correct shape in order to function properly.

True

True or False--- Enzymes are recycled after each catalyzed reaction.

Thr-Ser-Leu-Arg-Cys-Leu

Using the codon chart provided, list the amino acid sequence based on the DNA sequence given.DNA sequence TGT AGA GAA GCC ACA GAG Thr-Ser-Leu-Arg-Trp-Leu Thr-Ser-Leu-Arg-Cys-Leu Thr-Ser-Leu-Arg-Cys-Pro Thr-Ser-Leu-Pro-Cys-Leu Thr-Ser-Leu-Arg-Cys-Arg

Black/gray

What color are the carbon atoms? Black/gray Red Blue White

Catalase

What is the enzyme in the following equation? 2H2O2 -------------->2 H2O + O2 + heat Catalase 1. Catalase 2. 2 H2O2 3. O2 4. Heat 5. 2 H2O

To provide the genetic code instructions for proteins

What is the primary purpose of DNA in the metabolism of a cell? Relate this to the central dogma of molecular biology. To provide the genetic code instructions for proteins To form the cell's nucleus To provide a site for protein synthesis To carry the genetic message out of the cytoplasm

It precipitates out the DNA and slows its deterioration

What is the role of isopropanol in the isolation of DNA and why do we keep the isopropanol cold? It breaks down the plant cell walls and emulsifies the cellulose It dissolves the lipid membranes in the cell It precipitates out the DNA and slows its deterioration It denatures the proteins

The high heat of fever causes enzymes to become denatured.

When a person runs a very high fever they can quickly be in a dangerous situation where the body does not function properly. What is happening to the person's proteins and enzymes in their body? The high heat of fever kills enzymes. The high heat of fever speeds up enzymes to work more efficiently. The high heat of fever defragments enzymes. The high heat of fever causes enzymes to become denatured.

substrate

When an enzymatic reaction slows down it is due to a decrease in...... product substrate active Site enzyme

adenine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA

When comparing DNA and RNA, we find no sugar is present in either molecule hydrogen bonding is important only in DNA only DNA has a backbone of sugars and phosphates adenine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA thymine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA

denatured

When the shape of an enzyme has been altered due to extreme environmental conditions, it is said to be........ denatured detracted distracted degraded renatured

d. Enzymes are highly specific.

Which enzyme characteristic BEST explains the fact that animals have enzymes that break apart starch molecules but not cellulose despite the fact that both basically are made up of glucose subunits? a. Enzyme activity is regulated. b. Enzymes usually speed up chemical reactions. c. Enzymes are not permanently changed by the reactions they promote. d. Enzymes are highly specific. e. All enzymes are proteins.

Steps - Deoxyribose

Which molecule is incorrectly paired with its place on the "ladder" of DNA? Sides - Deoxyribose None of these are correctly paired Steps - nitrogenous bases Sides - Phosphate Steps - Deoxyribose

Both A and D

Which nitrogenous base is incorrectly paired with its match? Adenine - Guanine Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine Cytosine - Thymine Both A and D

Uracil

Which nitrogenous base(s) below is (are) NOT found in DNA? Cytosine Guanine Thymine Adenine Uracil

transcription and replication of genetic material

Which occurs in the nucleus? transcription only assembly of amino acids into protein replication of genetic material transcription and replication of genetic material translation only

a tRNA having 75 nucleotides

Which of the choices is coded for by the shortest piece of DNA? tRNA having 75 nucleotides a mRNA having 50 codons a protein having 40 amino acids a protein with 2 polypeptides, each having 35 amino acids a mRNA having 100 bases

enzyme

Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst? a. energy carrier molecule b. amino acid c. enzyme d. substrate e. steroids

The genetic information in almost all of your cells is identical.

Which of the following is TRUE of the genetic information in the cells of your body? Different kinds of cells contain different genetic information. Each type of cell contains only the genetic information it needs to be that type of cell. The genetic information in almost all of your cells is identical. The genetic information changes in a predictable manner as you grow and develop. None of these are true.

b. high temperature

Which of the following lowers the activation energy of a biochemical reaction? a. presence of catalysts b. high temperature c. low concentration of reactants d. altering pH to 7 e. high concentration of products

Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA strand of nucleotides.

Which of the following statements about genetics is true? 1.Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA strand of nucleotides. 2.Genes are proteins that produce DNA. 3. DNA code in a mouse, for example uses a completely different kind of DNA than a human 4. Each DNA molecule is a single

uracil

Which of these is found in RNA but NOT in DNA? a. adenine b. uracil c. thymine d. phosphate groups e. deoxyribose sugar

A double helix with two anti-parallel strands

Which statement below best describes the general structure of of DNA? A double helix with one parallel strand. A single helix with one parallel strands. A single helix with two parallel strands. A double helix with two anti-parallel strands. None of these

5'GGGCCCAUU3'

Write down the RNA that would be made from this DNA. Enter your answer with no spaces and include the 3' and 5', correctly, of course. 3'CCCGGGTAA5'

sugar

letter a is sugar covalent bond phosphate cytosine

covalent bond

letter b is sugar covalent bond phosphate cytosine

phosphate

letter c is sugar covalent bond phosphate cytosine

cytosine

letter f is sugar covalent bond phosphate cytosine

rRNA

makes up the ribosome mRNA tRNA rRNA

mRNA

transcribes the genetic code in DNA mRNA tRNA rRNA