Module 13: Automation (11/13 - 11/19)
A systems analyst working on a DSS wants to add learning capabilities. Which AI technology should the analyst choose?
artificial neural network
Jobs displaced by AI mostly involve _____.
blue collar workers
Intelligent agents are also known as _____.
bots
In the design and implementation of any _____ reasoning application, there are 4 Rs involved: retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain.
case-based
A computing system recognizes your music choices to make recommendations and knows what part of the house you are to change speakers. It is a _____ computing system.
contextual
Which type of computing draws on the human process of drawing on accumulated experiences and feelings to make a decision:
contextual computing
A natural-language processing (NLP) system provides a question-and-answer setting that is particularly useful with _____.
databases
A system designer wants to add deductive reasoning to traditional database management system (DBMS) functions, noting it is beneficial to integrate an expert system into the database component of a(n) _____ system.
decision support
In the year 2034, assuming robotics will be well-established. Which of the following jobs are most at risk?
engineers, cashier
A systems analyst working on a DSS wants to add explanation capabilities. Which AI technology should the analyst choose?
expert system
Explanation capabilities can be added to a decision support system (DSS) by integrating it with a(n) _____.
expert system
In the context of adding artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to a decision support system's model base component, _____ can be added to include heuristics in the model base's analysis capabilities.
expert systems
TVs that adjust screen color and texture for each frame and stabilize the volume based on the viewer's location in the room demonstrate the use of _____.
fuzzy logic
A chip designer wants to attempt as many random inputs as possible to optimize the design. Which approach is best?
genetic algorithms
In fuzzy logic, a degree of membership indicates _______.
how relevant an item or object is to a set
A developer has been assigned the task of developing the part of the ANN where data is entered before making a decision. Which layer will the developer work on?
input
A database company wants to replace the GUI with a natural-language processing (NLP) system. In that system, the _____ activity would involve accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, and generating the necessary output.
interfacing
A database company is working on a natural-language processing (NLP) system. It divides the tasks into two activities. The _____ activity involves using the computer to read large amounts of text and understanding the information well enough to summarize important points and store information so that the system can respond to inquiries about the content.
knowledge acquisition
A _____ is a disadvantage of Robotic process automation (RPA).
lack of skilled labor
A robot for automobile manufacturing picks up a dashboard component from a nearby tray. To accomplish this feat, the developer added _____ capabilities to the robot.
limited vision
A developer has been assigned the task of the part of the ANN that utilizes historical data to train. The developer is working within the _____ layer of an artificial neural network.
middle
A diagnostic lab uses a system to retrieve patient records but finds the User Interface difficult to use. Which system allows people to communicate with a computer more easily than a graphical user interface (GUI)?
natural-language processing
A developer has been assigned the task of developing the part of the ANN where data may contain a reject or accept the decision and be used to assign different weights. Which layer will the developer work on?
output
A-line worker has just been replaced by a robot but enjoys manual labor. Which of the following training should the line worker pursue?
plumber
A CEO of an automotive company sees Robotic process automation as eliminating the need for assembly line workers shortly. Considering UCLA professor Bhagwan Chowdhry's opinion, which is a solution that may benefit both employer and employee?
retraining existing workers
At a computer hardware manufacturer, to attempt to solve a problem a computer user is experiencing, a case-based reasoning application first ________ the most similar case from the library of past cases.
retrieves
The user interface component of an expert system provides _____ to the expert system.
user-friendly access
A computer company stores all of the customer service requests and problem resolutions in a database. This is referred to as _____, one of the 4 Rs.
Retain
Describe a real-world robot and the advantages offered by robots over humans in the workplace.
Robots offer the following advantages over humans in the workplace: a. They do not fall in love with coworkers, get insulted, or call in sick. b. They are consistent. c. They can be used in environments that are hazardous to humans, such as working with radioactive materials. d. They do not spy for competitors, ask for a raise, or lobby for longer breaks. Examples: Robots welding in an automobile factory. Robots assisting with surgery.
Briefly discuss shopping and information agents.
Shopping and information agents help users navigate the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information. These agents can navigate the Web faster than humans and gather more consistent, detailed information. They can serve as search engines, site reminders, or personal surfing assistants.
A CEO of an automotive company converts a plant to use Robotic process automation on the assembly line overnight. What is a likely outcome?
Some line workers are laid off.
A lab technician is analyzing chromosomes for gene therapy research. The GA system employs the crossover technique to try good portions of strands to achieve a better outcome for the resulting chromosome.
True
An airplane company wants to design a new aircraft engine that must operate under many conditions. No one is quite sure what the resulting design's parameters should be. A genetic algorithm approach is chosen because it can examine the design using virtually no assumptions.
True
An analyst is arguing about using Artificial Intelligence (AI) for an automobile manufacturer. The analyst argues that the applications and technologies of AI are more intelligent than traditional computer systems found in automobiles.
True
An online marketplace wants to develop a virtual catalog based on a customer's previous experiences and preferences. Intelligent agents are useful for this purpose.
True
The developer of an AI system wants to be able to change the music recommendations for a user after observing a change in listening choices on you-tube. The developer needs to implement contextual computing.
True
What is the difference between information systems and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies?
Unlike AI technologies, information systems are concerned with capturing and storing data.
A bank wants to use a CBR reasoning system to qualify customers for loans. Which approach should the bank use?
Use parameters from past customers stored in a database
Discuss an application of intelligent agents that is in use today.
Web marketing is a critical application of intelligent agents that is already available. Intelligent agents can collect customer information, such as purchased items, demographic data, and expressed and implied preferences. E-commerce sites then use this information to market their products and services to customers.
In case-based reasoning, each case in the database is stored with _____.
a description and keywords that identify the case
An intelligent agent automatically adjusts the products shown to a customer after the customer shops. This is an example of _____.
adaptability
In the context of fuzzy logic, which number defines the near membership of a group in a fuzzy set?
90%
In the context of fuzzy logic, which defines membership in a black-or-white fashion?
A crisp set
Explain the factual knowledge component of a knowledge base with an example in the context of an expert system.
A knowledge base is similar to a database, but in addition to storing facts and figures, it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with points. One of the components of a knowledge base is factual knowledge. Factual knowledge consists of facts related to a specific discipline, subject, or problem. For example, points related to kidney problems might include kidney size, blood levels of certain enzymes, and duration and location of the pain.
An oil company must search for oil deposits using large datasets with many layers. Which solution is best?
ANN
List a few tasks where artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used.
ANNs are used for the following tasks: a. Bankruptcy prediction b. Credit rating c. Investment analysis d. Oil and gas exploration , e. Target marketing f. Computer and network security
Discuss the advantages that an expert system has over humans.
An expert system can have the following advantages over humans: • It never becomes distracted, forgetful, or tired. Therefore, it suits monotonous tasks that human workers might object to.• It duplicates and preserves the expertise of scarce experts and can incorporate the expertise of many experts.• It preserves the expertise of employees retiring or leaving an organization.• It creates consistency in decision-making and improves the decision-making skills of non-experts.
In the context of the components of an expert system, briefly describe an explanation facility.
An explanation facility performs tasks similar to human experts by explaining how recommendations are derived from end users. For example, in a loan evaluation expert system, the explanation facility states why an applicant was approved or rejected. A medical expert explains why the scheme concluded that a patient has a kidney stone, for instance. This component is essential because it helps give users confidence in the system's results.
A physician needs a system to determine what treatment to give a patient. If the patient's temperature is over 101°F and if the patient has a headache, then it's very likely (a 95 percent chance) that the patient has the flu, or else search for other diseases. The system developer should use a(n) ___ as a solution.
Artificial neural network
An online security firm needs a system to learn from previous server hacks and their resolution to improve security testing on their servers. Which application type should they pursue?
Artificial neural network
_____ are networks that learn and can perform tasks difficult with conventional computers.
Artificial neural networks
_____ uses patterns to find solutions instead of using the if-then-else rules that expert systems use.
Artificial neural networks
An expert system is needed for an online shop. The expert system will monitor consumer blogs, comments, and online product descriptions provided by companies. Which expert system is appropriate?
COGITO
_____ is a problem-solving technique where each problem in a database is stored with a description and keywords that identify it.
Case-based reasoning
Which countries are more susceptible to job losses due to automation?
Countries providing high wages.
In the context of expert systems, briefly describe heuristic data and give an example.
Decision support systems generate information using data, models, and well-defined algorithms, but expert systems work with heuristic data. Heuristics consist of common sense, rules of thumb, educated guesses, and instinctive judgments, and using heuristic data encourages applying knowledge based on experience to solve or describe a problem. In other words, heuristic data is not formal knowledge, but it helps find a solution to a problem without following a rigorous algorithm. Example: Rules indicating that a patient has a kidney problem could include severe pain in the lower back and high creatinine levels and blood urea nitrogen levels. These rules are based on experience.
Which type of artificial neural network (ANN) includes many layers to deal with complex problems that may have huge data sets?
Deep learning
A hiring manager noticed that the AI screening system was sending them resumes that included nearly all males for a position with a certain posted salary. Which of the following issues was likely not addressed before deployment?
Defining and guarding against bias, Defining the AI goals.
To determine when to repave a road, the number of potholes is used as a measurement, along with the number of holes that are not potholes in the road. Further, the depth of a hole is used to determine whether the damage is considered a pothole, set at 6 inches. A city manager wants an algorithm to determine when to pave the road since some holes may be close to becoming a pothole. Which is a possible solution using fuzzy logic?
Determine to what degree each hole is a pothole.
A government systems analyst uses a system to report real-time traffic data. In the context of information technology, the analyst should use a "what-is" decision-making analysis.
False
A physician discovers a new procedure that has never been attempted before. This would be an ideal candidate for expert systems.
False
An AI designer wants to include scenarios that involve drawing on past experiences and responding to new information by observing facial expressions. This is known as contextual computing.
False
An AI designer wants to incorporate sensing a user's mood into the system. This is an example of an intelligent agent.
False
An engineering team needs to work to try to incorporate the shortest path approach that analyzes data using fuzzy logic with a Genetic algorithm to try various paths in their chip design. This approach is not yet possible.
False
Contextual computing cannot tailor a course of action to a user in a particular situation and environment based on what it knows about the user.
False
A television manufacturer wants to have the tv display a message if it detects no one in the room or there have been no operational changes over a certain time frame and then shut off after a predetermined time. Which technology is best used for this problem?
Fuzzy logic
Explain how fuzzy logic works and provide an example.
Fuzzy logic works based on the degree of membership in a set (a collection of objects). For example, 4 feet, 5 feet, and 6 feet could constitute a set of heights for a population. Fuzzy sets have values between 0 and 1, indicating the degree to which an element has membership in the group. At 0, the piece has no membership; at 1, it has full membership.
_____ are used with neural networks and fuzzy logic systems to solve scheduling, engineering design, and marketing problems.
Genetic algorithms
A physician helps design a diagnostic expert system by providing common symptoms of gallbladder infections. This is an example of using _____.
Heuristics
_____ is an advantage of Robotic process automation (RPA)?
Improvement in accuracy and quality
Discuss the techniques used in a genetic algorithm (GA) system.
In a GA system, the following techniques are used: a. Selection or survival of the fittest: Gives preference or higher weight to better outcomes b. Crossover: Combines good portions of different outcomes to achieve a better outcome c. Mutation: Tries combinations of other inputs randomly and evaluates the results d. Chromosome: A set of parameters that defines a proposed solution to the problem the GA is trying to solve. It is usually represented as a simple string (sequence of characters).
_____ was developed so that users could communicate with computers in human language.
Natural-language processing
Which statement is true of integrating an expert system into the database component of a decision support system (DSS)?
It adds the capability to handle fuzzy data.
A restaurant owner has installed a new hamburger flipping robot. Which is a likely scenario?
It will make the cook more efficient.
A research lab is working on a system where a user can ask in human terms for data from a database. Summarizing important points and storing information is difficult in the implementation. Which part of natural language processing is this?
Knowledge acquisition
The systems analyst has developed a new system for determining when a person is lying based on current and historical facial expressions the system has learned from others in the past. Which type of system is this?
Machine learning
_____ is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience.
Machine learning
In the context of an expert system, briefly explain the meta-knowledge component of a knowledge base and give an example of a meta-knowledge component.
Meta-knowledge is knowledge about knowledge. It enables an expert system to learn from experience and examine and extract relevant facts to determine the path to a solution. It also guides future planning or execution phases of an expert system. For example, knowing how an expert system makes decisions is considered meta-knowledge. Although this knowledge is not currently available in expert systems, integrating neural networks into expert systems is one possibility for acquiring meta-knowledge. Example: Knowing how a person obtains knowledge.
A robotic process automation system has been implemented at an assisted living facility to automatically dole out pills for individual residents and send a notification if someone forgets to take a pill. Which is the likely outcome as a result of this situation?
Nursing assistants will still be needed.
A banking corporation hires an analyst to select an expert system that deals with financial applications. Which expert system should the analyst choose?
PortBlue
_____ has introduced a line of processors designed to expedite contextual computing.
Qualcomm
