Module 2

The SI units of kinematic viscosity are _____

(meter)^2 / second

Numerically, one poise equals ____

0.1 N⋅s / m^2

Recognize the examples of non-Newtonian fluids: Multiple select question. Gasoline Blood Liquid plastic Air Water

Blood liquid plastic

Extensive properties

Depend on the mass of the system

True or false: In the equation h = u + Pυ, h is a quantity per unit mass, and thus it is not a specific property

False

intensive properties

Independent of the mass of the system

The ideal gas equation of state is expressed as Pυ = RT, where P is the absolute pressure, υ is the specific volume, T is the thermodynamic temperature, and R is the gas constant. Select correct unit used for the temperature. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Fahrenheit (F) Kelvin (K) Celsius (C) Rankine (R)

Kelvin (K) Rankine (R)

Identify the unit of dynamic viscosity that is used commonly in engineering

Poise

In the equation for bulk modulus of compressibility ∆P∆V/V≈∆P∆ρ/ρ≈(κ)∆P∆V/V≈∆P∆ρ/ρ≈(κ), where ∆P∆P is a small change in the pressure of the fluid, ∆V∆V is a small change in the volume of the fluid, V is the volume of the fluid, ∆ρ∆ρ is a small change in the density of the fluid, and ρ is the density of the fluid, what is the unit of the bulk modulus of compressibility? The temperature of the system is held constant

The bulk modulus of compressibility has the same dimensions as pressure

Identify the properties of fluids that relate the volume changes to the changes in pressure and temperature: The bulk modulus of elasticity (k) The coefficient of stiffness (k) Young's modulus (E) The coefficient of volume expansion (β)

The bulk modulus of elasticity (k) The coefficient of volume expansion (β)

Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of _____ of the fluid

dynamic viscosity to density

It is a common observation that a fluid contracts when more pressure is applied on it and expands when the pressure acting on it is reduced. That is, fluids act like a(n) _____ with respect to pressure

elastic solid

In a continuum, the atomic nature of a fluid is disregarded and viewed as continuous, _____ matter with no holes

homogeneous

The coefficient of compressibility of a truly incompressible substance is ____

infinity

The international (SI) unit of thermal energy is _____

joule

The SI units of the coefficient of viscosity are ____

kilogram / meter−second pascal⋅second Newton⋅second / (meter)^2

A large value of coefficient of compressibility (κ) of a fluid indicates that a _____ is needed to cause a small fractional change in volume

large change in pressure

Capillaries are: narrow tubes broad tubes confined flow channels large flow channels

narrow tubes confined flow channels

The units of surface tension are ____

newton / meter

The SI units of dynamic viscosity are ____

newton-second / meter^2

The pressure of a gas species in a mixture with other gases is the _____ pressure

partial

The speed of sound in a fluid is a function of the thermodynamic ______ of that fluid

property

The pressure at which a pure substance changes phase, at a given temperature, is called the _____ pressure

saturation

The temperature at which a pure substance changes phase, at a given pressure, is called the _____ temperature

saturation

In the analysis of systems that involve fluid flow, the combination of specific internal energy (u) and the product of pressure and specific volume (Pυ) is called ____

specific enthalpy

The flow energy or flow work is expressed as the product of pressure and ____

specific volume

A plot of shear stress versus the rate of deformation (velocity gradient) for a Newtonian fluid is a(n) ____

straight line

Internal energy is the _____

sum of all microscopic forms of energy

Consider a system with 50% oxygen, 25% nitrogen, and 25% water vapor. The total pressure of the system is the _____

sum of the partial pressures of oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor

Rain droplets have the tendency to attain spherical shapes. This is due to ___

surface tension

The pulling force per unit length that causes the surface of the liquid to act like a stretched elastic membrane is called _____

surface tension

The density of a substance is most likely dependent on ____

temperature

The speed of sound in a specified ideal gas is a function of _____ alone

temperature

A system contains both vapor and liquid. The system is said to be saturated when ____

the partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure

The sensible and latent forms of internal energy commonly referred to as _____ energy in engineering to prevent any confusion with heat transfer

thermal

The sum of all forms of energy in a system is called the _____ energy

total

True or false: the continuum idealization is valid as long as the size of the system is large relative to the space between the molecules

true

The property that represents the internal resistance of a fluid to motion, or the fluidity, is _____

viscosity

Identify the correct statements relating the partial pressure of a vapor with the vapor pressure in a system: -The partial pressure of a vapor must be less than or equal to the vapor pressure if there is no liquid present. -The partial pressure of a vapor must be greater than vapor pressure if there is no liquid present. -The partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present and the system is in phase equilibrium. -The partial pressure of the vapor is greater than the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present and the system is in phase equilibrium

The partial pressure of a vapor must be less than or equal to the vapor pressure if there is no liquid present. The partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present and the system is in phase equilibrium

True or false: Internal energy is only part of the total energy of a system

True

A large value of coefficient of volume expansion means _____

a large change in density with temperature

The rise or fall of a liquid in a small-diameter tube inserted into the liquid is called the _____ effect

capillary

In the equation κ=−V(∂P/∂V)Tκ=-V∂P∂VT, κ represents the _____. ∂P is a small change in the pressure exerted on the fluid, V is the volume of the fluid, and ∂V is a small change in the volume of the fluid. The temperature of the system is held constant

coefficient of compressibility

In one-dimensional shear flow of Newtonian fluids, shear stress (τ) is expressed by the linear relationship τ = μ du/dy, where the constant of proportionality μ is the _____

coefficient of viscosity

The fraction of volume change of a fluid that corresponds to a small temperature change of ΔT at a constant pressure is given by ____

coefficient of volume expansion (β) × ΔT

In fluid mechanics, the _____ allows us to treat properties as point functions and to assume that the properties vary continually in space with no jump discontinuities

continuum idealization

If a substance is assumed incompressible, the properties considered as constant is ___. Multiple select question. temperature internal energy density specific volume

density specific volume