Module 2
The SI units of kinematic viscosity are _____
(meter)^2 / second
Numerically, one poise equals ____
0.1 N⋅s / m^2
Recognize the examples of non-Newtonian fluids: Multiple select question. Gasoline Blood Liquid plastic Air Water
Blood liquid plastic
Extensive properties
Depend on the mass of the system
True or false: In the equation h = u + Pυ, h is a quantity per unit mass, and thus it is not a specific property
False
intensive properties
Independent of the mass of the system
The ideal gas equation of state is expressed as Pυ = RT, where P is the absolute pressure, υ is the specific volume, T is the thermodynamic temperature, and R is the gas constant. Select correct unit used for the temperature. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Fahrenheit (F) Kelvin (K) Celsius (C) Rankine (R)
Kelvin (K) Rankine (R)
Identify the unit of dynamic viscosity that is used commonly in engineering
Poise
In the equation for bulk modulus of compressibility ∆P∆V/V≈∆P∆ρ/ρ≈(κ)∆P∆V/V≈∆P∆ρ/ρ≈(κ), where ∆P∆P is a small change in the pressure of the fluid, ∆V∆V is a small change in the volume of the fluid, V is the volume of the fluid, ∆ρ∆ρ is a small change in the density of the fluid, and ρ is the density of the fluid, what is the unit of the bulk modulus of compressibility? The temperature of the system is held constant
The bulk modulus of compressibility has the same dimensions as pressure
Identify the properties of fluids that relate the volume changes to the changes in pressure and temperature: The bulk modulus of elasticity (k) The coefficient of stiffness (k) Young's modulus (E) The coefficient of volume expansion (β)
The bulk modulus of elasticity (k) The coefficient of volume expansion (β)
Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of _____ of the fluid
dynamic viscosity to density
It is a common observation that a fluid contracts when more pressure is applied on it and expands when the pressure acting on it is reduced. That is, fluids act like a(n) _____ with respect to pressure
elastic solid
In a continuum, the atomic nature of a fluid is disregarded and viewed as continuous, _____ matter with no holes
homogeneous
The coefficient of compressibility of a truly incompressible substance is ____
infinity
The international (SI) unit of thermal energy is _____
joule
The SI units of the coefficient of viscosity are ____
kilogram / meter−second pascal⋅second Newton⋅second / (meter)^2
A large value of coefficient of compressibility (κ) of a fluid indicates that a _____ is needed to cause a small fractional change in volume
large change in pressure
Capillaries are: narrow tubes broad tubes confined flow channels large flow channels
narrow tubes confined flow channels
The units of surface tension are ____
newton / meter
The SI units of dynamic viscosity are ____
newton-second / meter^2
The pressure of a gas species in a mixture with other gases is the _____ pressure
partial
The speed of sound in a fluid is a function of the thermodynamic ______ of that fluid
property
The pressure at which a pure substance changes phase, at a given temperature, is called the _____ pressure
saturation
The temperature at which a pure substance changes phase, at a given pressure, is called the _____ temperature
saturation
In the analysis of systems that involve fluid flow, the combination of specific internal energy (u) and the product of pressure and specific volume (Pυ) is called ____
specific enthalpy
The flow energy or flow work is expressed as the product of pressure and ____
specific volume
A plot of shear stress versus the rate of deformation (velocity gradient) for a Newtonian fluid is a(n) ____
straight line
Internal energy is the _____
sum of all microscopic forms of energy
Consider a system with 50% oxygen, 25% nitrogen, and 25% water vapor. The total pressure of the system is the _____
sum of the partial pressures of oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor
Rain droplets have the tendency to attain spherical shapes. This is due to ___
surface tension
The pulling force per unit length that causes the surface of the liquid to act like a stretched elastic membrane is called _____
surface tension
The density of a substance is most likely dependent on ____
temperature
The speed of sound in a specified ideal gas is a function of _____ alone
temperature
A system contains both vapor and liquid. The system is said to be saturated when ____
the partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure
The sensible and latent forms of internal energy commonly referred to as _____ energy in engineering to prevent any confusion with heat transfer
thermal
The sum of all forms of energy in a system is called the _____ energy
total
True or false: the continuum idealization is valid as long as the size of the system is large relative to the space between the molecules
true
The property that represents the internal resistance of a fluid to motion, or the fluidity, is _____
viscosity
Identify the correct statements relating the partial pressure of a vapor with the vapor pressure in a system: -The partial pressure of a vapor must be less than or equal to the vapor pressure if there is no liquid present. -The partial pressure of a vapor must be greater than vapor pressure if there is no liquid present. -The partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present and the system is in phase equilibrium. -The partial pressure of the vapor is greater than the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present and the system is in phase equilibrium
The partial pressure of a vapor must be less than or equal to the vapor pressure if there is no liquid present. The partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present and the system is in phase equilibrium
True or false: Internal energy is only part of the total energy of a system
True
A large value of coefficient of volume expansion means _____
a large change in density with temperature
The rise or fall of a liquid in a small-diameter tube inserted into the liquid is called the _____ effect
capillary
In the equation κ=−V(∂P/∂V)Tκ=-V∂P∂VT, κ represents the _____. ∂P is a small change in the pressure exerted on the fluid, V is the volume of the fluid, and ∂V is a small change in the volume of the fluid. The temperature of the system is held constant
coefficient of compressibility
In one-dimensional shear flow of Newtonian fluids, shear stress (τ) is expressed by the linear relationship τ = μ du/dy, where the constant of proportionality μ is the _____
coefficient of viscosity
The fraction of volume change of a fluid that corresponds to a small temperature change of ΔT at a constant pressure is given by ____
coefficient of volume expansion (β) × ΔT
In fluid mechanics, the _____ allows us to treat properties as point functions and to assume that the properties vary continually in space with no jump discontinuities
continuum idealization
If a substance is assumed incompressible, the properties considered as constant is ___. Multiple select question. temperature internal energy density specific volume
density specific volume
