Module 4
Maute Group
"Maute Brothers;" under watch by the military since 2007 for coddling visiting operatives of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)
Jabidah massacre
1968: Phil Gov't executed a number of mutinying Muslim recruits
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
1989: establishment of the _________________ (or ARMM) with MNLF put in place as the effective local government of this region.
10.4%
About 4.5 million Filipinos have lost their jobs in 2020, with the unemployment rate at _______ which is the highest in 15 years due to the COVID-19
February
About 43% of fires occurred in the first four months of the year, highest in __________.
Leftist Insurgency
Activities included mass extortion (revolutionary tax), raids on prisons and military bases and assassinations
Political Elites
Allegedly involved in diverse illegal activities like illegal drug trade, kidnap for ransom
St Thomas Aquinas
At least 26 people were confirmed dead and 215 others went missing after the passenger ferry collided with a cargo ship MV Sulpicio Express Siete, near the port of Cebu (August 16, 2013)
Manor Hotel Fire
August 18, 2001 | Quezon City | Death Count: 75
Dona Paz ferry
Collided with an oil tanker off Mindoro Island near Manila, leaving more than 4,300 dead in the world's worst peacetime shipping disaster. (December 1987)
Class D
Combustible metals such as potassium, sodium, titanium, aluminum, magnesium
Class F or K
Cooking media
Class C
Electrical fires; energized electrical equipment, as long as it is plugged in (e.g. Faulty wiring, short circuits, appliances, switches, power tools, overloaded circuits)
Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards
Examples: Insurgency, Secessionism, Terrorism, Bomb threats, Kidnapping, Hostage takings, Civil disorder (demonstrations, strikes, riots)
Environmental Hazards
Examples: Red tide, water pollution, pest infestations, chemical and nuclear contamination
Technological Hazards
Examples: structure collapse, fire, vehicular accidents and sea mishaps, chemical spills, oil spills and electrical blackout
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Faction of MNLF who rejected the Tripoli Agreement formed a new group (MILF)
12:01 AM - 3 AM, 6:01 AM and 9 AM
Fires occurred mostly from ______________ and occurred at least from ______________.
dry, wet
High incidence from December to April corresponds to the _____ season. Low incidence from June to October corresponds roughly to _____ season in the country.
Recruitment of Child Soldiers, Detention and kidnapping of children, Violence and Extrajudicial killing, Human shields, Attack on Education
Impact of Armed Conflict on Children and other Sectors
December 2019, Wuhan, China
In ___________, the first case of COVID-19 was first detected in ___________ which quickly spread globally.
Superferry 14
Islamist militants firebombed the __________ near Manila Bay, leaving 116 dead (February 2004)
Coronavirus disease
It is among the deadliest infectious diseases to have emerged in the modern world.
decade
It was estimated that it could take more than a ___________ for the world's poorest to recover from the economic fallout caused by the pandemic.
Rajah Solaiman Group and Abu Sayyaf Group
Known for overt ties with regional and international Islamist groups like the Osama Bin Laden network
New People's Army
Leftist guerillas resumed fighting in 80s under the name of the _____________ (NPA)
Bangsamoro
MNLF began fierce armed struggle for an independent Moro nation, or _____________
residential, commercial
Majority of fires involved ___________ areas at 70.2%, followed by ___________ areas at 16.9%
Ozone Disco Fire
March 18, 1996 | Quezon City | Death Count: 160
Kentex Manufacturing Fire
May 13, 2015 | Valenzuela | Death Count: 72
Zamboanga Seige
Misuari led an attack on Zamboanga which killed more than 200 people
August
Month with the lowest number of fires observed
fever, cough, tiredness, loss of taste or smell
Most common COVID-19 symptoms
Political Elites
Often identified as members of a prominent political clan
World Health Organization
On March 11, 2021, the ______________ (WHO) declared COVID- 19 as a pandemic due to its alarming levels of spread and severity across various countries, and by the alarming levels of inaction.
5-6, 14
On average it takes _______ days from when someone is infected with the virus for symptoms to show, however it can take up to ____ days.
Cargo vessel Anahanda
Overloaded with passengers, sinks off the southern island of Jolo. About 100 of the estimated 150 people on board die. (April 2000)
Ampatuan clan
Patriarch, Datu Andal Sr. currently stands accused of the murder of 57 people in Maguindanao in 2009 (Maguindanao Massacre)
The Princess of the Stars ferry
Sailed into a typhoon and tips over near the Coast of Sibuyan Island. Of the 850 on board, only 57 survive. (June 2008)
Leftist Insurgency
Serves as the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines.
Princess of the Orient ferry
Sinks off Batangas City south of Manila. About 150 die (September 1998)
SARS-CoV-2
The agent of COVID-19 which is the __________ virus, was named after the genetically related SARS-CoV (now known as SARS-CoV-1), which caused a deadly near- pandemic in 2002-2003.
Moro National Liberation Front
The massacre, combined with discrimination in education, housing and government spending, led a group of Moro students and academics to found the _____________ (or MNLF) in 1969
unemployment, poverty incidence
The pandemic amplified ______________ and ______________ globally and locally
horseshoe bats
The presence of a large reservoir of SARS-CoV-like viruses in _____________ is a time bomb and that the possibility of the re-emergence of SARS and other novel viruses should not be ignored.
Technological Hazards
These hazards originate from industrial accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or certain human activities.
Environmental Hazards
These hazards pose a threat from the surrounding environment
Armed Conflict
This involves armed engagements between two parties, where at least one of the parties is the government of a country.
Iloilo-Guimaras Sea Mishap
Two motorboats, Chi-chi and Keziah capsized due to squall. After a few hours, another motorboat, Jenny Vince, capsized, leaving 31 casualties
Rajah Solaiman Group and Abu Sayyaf Group
Well known for bombings and kidnappings, often targeting foreigners and government officials for ransom and/or for executing their hostages
Class A
Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics, solid combustible materials that are not metals
faulty electrical wiring, neglected open flames
______________ and ______________ were the most common causes of fires reported
Vigilante groups
a low-cost alternative to fight insurgent groups
ISIS
a more violent incarnate of Al Qaeda
Coronavirus disease
an infectious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
fuel
any combustible material (solid, liquid or a gas)
Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards
are caused by criminal and human violence
Non-International Armed Conflicts
between governmental forces and nongovernmental armed groups; or between nongovernment groups only
International Armed Conflicts
between opposing two or more States (e.g. World War)
Vigilante groups
can be traced back to Civilian Home Defense Forces (CHDF) used by the government to combat the NPA
Equipment Failure, Lack of Proper Training and Human Error, Collisions at Sea, Poor Maintenance
common reason for Sea Mishaps
Environmental Hazards
cover broad spectrum of acute (serious) and chronic (long lasting) effects of industrial, agricultural, and naturally occurring microorganisms, chemicals and radiation in soil, water, air, food, and wastes
2010 Manila bus hostage-taking
dismissed Police Captain Rolando Mendoza held hostage a bus full of Hongkong tourists and killed 8 of the tourists
heat, fuel, oxygen, and chemical reaction
elements needed for a fire to develop (also referred to as the fire triangle now the fire tetrahedron)
Armed Conflict
exists whenever there is a resort to armed force between States (Source: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia- ICTY)
oxygen, carbon monoxide
fire consumes (1) , increasing (2) concentration causing (2) poisoning and possible death within minutes
black smoke
fire produces ____________ that blocks vision and stings the eyes and makes It difficult to navigate buildings on fire
Nur Misuari
former UP Lecturer leading the MNLF
Worldwide lockdowns
have been imposed since the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic to prevent the spread of disease
A Singaporean freighter hits the ferry Cebu City
in Manila Bay, leaving about 140 dead (December 1994)
Vigilante groups
include: Alsa Masa, Alamara, Alsa Lumad, Ilaga, Kuratong Baleleng and Tadtad
asphyxiation
is the leading cause of death in a fire over burns (by 3: 1 ratio)
Omar Khayyam and Abdullah
known as the Maute Brothers are the leaders of this terrorist group. Both are believed to have been radicalized in the Middle East
Armed Conflict
lead to significant battle related and civilian casualties
Phil. Communist Party
led guerilla fighters against Japanese forces during WW2 and against the Phil. Gov't in the 1950s
Oxygen
makes up about 21% of the air that we breathe, a fire is sustained at 16% oxygen in the air
heat
many types of fires will generate their own _______ once burning
Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards
may be motivated by political or economic reasons
Technological Hazards
may cause loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation
Class B
non-metallic combustible material in the liquid state (e.g. flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, grease, acetone)
Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards
pose threat to the security of a great number of people
Ampatuan clan
previously governed Maguindanao
Tripoli Agreement
promise to create a semi-autonomous Moro province signed my Ferdinand Marcos in 1976
Metro Manila
ranks first in the number of COVID cases and deaths in the country
United States
ranks no. 1 among the countries with the most number of COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide
chemical reaction
rapid oxidation process that occurs when oxygen, heat, and fuel are present
Clans and Private Armies
received backing from the government, the AFP, local police, and factions of armed rebel groups for their support
global economic decline
result of worldwide lockdowns
difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, loss of speech or mobility, or confusion, chest pain
serious symptoms of COVID-19
Vigilante groups
the presence of these groups has increased hostilities between Muslims and non- Muslims and pose serious threat to democracy
2010 Manila bus hostage-taking
this attack brought infamy to the police and soured relations between Manila and Hong Kong
Manor Hotel Fire, Kentex Manufacturing Fire, Ozone Disco Fire
three tragic fires in the Philippines