Module 4 Content Quiz

Match the statement on the right with the term on the left. avoidance contingency

delay of negative reinforcer

(T/F) Unconditioned negative reinforcers are more powerful than conditioned negative reinforcers.

false

Briefly discuss similarities (1 point) and differences (1 point) between positive and negative reinforcement

Positive and negative reinforcement both are anticipated to increase the future frequency of the targeted behavior. However, in positive reinforcement, a stimulus is presented in order to increase the behaviors frequency, while in negative reinforcement a stimulus is being removed.

Give a real world example of negative reinforcement. Clearly identify the person, stimulus, behavior, and consequence. If you have multiple people in your scenario, identify which person is being negatively reinforced.

Taking medicine when sick is a real world example of negative reinforcement. The antecedent is that the individual feels ill; the behavior is that they take medicine; the consequence is that their ill feeling goes away. The removal of the ill feeling acts as a negative reinforcer and increases the future frequency of the behavior (the individual taking medicine when they're sick).

Based on the two articles you read for this week, do you believe there should be a distinction made between positive and negative reinforcement? Answer yes or no and give one sentence as to why.

Yes; positive and negative reinforcement can be very confusing and because of this it is important for them to be clearly distinguishable so they can be understood and applied correctly in real world situations.

(T/F) it is reasonable to say that both negative reinforcement and positive punishment involve the removal of a stimulus and hence, really describe the same thing

false

(T/F) negative reinforcement and punishment both lead to a decrease in the future likelihood of responding

false

Match the statement on the right with the term on the left. conditioned negative reinforcement

learning history required

Match the statement on the right with the term on the left. escape contingency

response terminates ongoing stimulus and increases future likelihood of the target response

(T/F) The effectiveness of a negative reinforcement contingency depends (in some degree) to the availability of reinforcement for competing behaviors.

true

(T/F) both escape and avoidance involve an aversive stimulus

true

(T/F) escape and avoidance have the same future effect on behavior as positive reiforcement

true

(T/F) just like escape and avoidance, some types of punishment involve an aversive stimulus

true