Modules 5-10
Two commands to display the routing table on windows
1. netstat -r 2. route print
How does network scanning help assess operations security?
it can detect open TCP ports on a network systems
Which method would an IPv6-enabled host using SLAAC employ to learn the address of the default gateway?
router advertisement messages received from the link router
Which PDU is processed when a host computer is de-encapsulating a message at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model?
segment
HTTP 5xx
server error
multicast
simultaneous transmission of multiple channels of compressed content or the same content but at different times
What is the purpose of ICMP messages?
to provide feedback of IP packet transmissions
What is the function of the HTTP GET message?
to request an HTML page from a web server
A user who is unable to connect to the file server contacts the help desk. The helpdesk technician asks the user to ping the IP address of the default gateway that is configured on the workstation. What is the purpose for this ping command?
to test that the host has the capability to reach hosts on other networks
display a path that a packet travels to its destination
tracert
What is a description of a DNS zone transfer?
transferring blocks of DNS data from a DNS server to another server
broadcast
transmission sent to all hosts on a destination network
host portion of ip address
used to identify hosts on a network.
network address of IP adress
used to identify specific network on which a host resides
subnet mask
used to identify the length of each portion in an IPv4 address
anycast
used with IPv6
A user is executing a tracert to a remote device. At what point would a router, which is in the path to the destination device, stop forwarding the packet?
when the value in the TTL (time to live) field reaches zero
Which two operations are provided by TCP but not by UDP?
1. transmitting any unacknowledged data 2. acknowledging received data
which ICMP message are common to both ICMPv4 and v6?
1. host confirmation 2. destination, or service unreachable 3. time exceeded 4. route redirection
A device has been assigned the IPv6 address of 2001:0db8:cafe:4500:1000:00d8:0058:00ab/64. Which is the host identifier of the device?
(4 hexadecimal digits = 16 binary digits) first 64 bits are the host portion as specified by the prefix and the last 64 bits are the network portion
A large corporation has modified its network to allow users to access network resources from their personal laptops and smart phones. Which networking trend does this describe?
(BYOD) bring your own device
A network administrator is testing network connectivity by issuing the ping command on a router. Which symbol will be displayed to indicate that a time expired during the wait for an ICMP echo reply message?
.
What are the three ranges of IP addresses that are reserved for internal private use?
1. 192.168.0.0/16 2. 172.16.0.0/12 3. 10.0.0.0/8
What are the characteristics of UDP
1. Best for VoIP 2. connectionless
What three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite?
1. DHCP 2. FTP 3. DNS
What are UDP's application protocols?
1. DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) 2. TFTP (trivial file transfer protocol)
What are TCP's application protocols
1. FTP 2. HTTP 3. SMTP
What are the characteristics of both UDP and TCP
1. Port Number 2. Checksum
Transport Layer responsibilities
1. Tracking the individual communication streams between applications on the source and destination hosts 2. segmenting data at the source and reassembling the data at the destination 3. identifying the proper application for each communication stream through the use of port numbers 4. multiplexing the communications of multiple users or applications over a single network 5. managing the reliability requirements of applications
What are the characteristics to TCP protocol?
1. Window size 2. 3-way handshake
POP (email protocol)
1. does not require a centralized backup solution. 2. mail is deleted as it is downgraded 3. desirable for an ISP or large business
IMAP
1. download copies of messages to be the client 2. original messages must be manually deleted 3. requires a larger amount of disk space
what are the two components of an IPv4 address
1. host portion 2. network portion
A PC is downloading a large file from a server. The TCP window is 1000 bytes. The server is sending the file using 100-byte segments. How many segments will the server send before it requires an acknowledgment from the PC?
10 segments
What is the full decompressed form of the IPv6 address 2001:420:59:0:1::a/64?
2001:0420:0059:0000:0001:0000:0000:000a
Class D (Multicasting)
224.0.0.0 - 239.0.0.0
Class E experimental address
240.0.0.0 - 255.0.0.0
How many host addresses are available on the 192.168.10.128/26 network?
62
OSI reference model
7. application layer 6. presentation layer 5. session layer 4. transport layer 3. network layer 2. data link layer 1. physical layer
How is a DHCPDISCOVER transmitted on a network to reach a DHCP server?
A DHCPDISCOVER message is sent with the broadcast IP address as the destination address.
Which statement describes a characteristic of cloud computing?
Applications can be accessed over the Internet by individual users or businesses using any device, anywhere in the world.
Which process failed if a computer cannot access the internet and received an IP address of 169.254.142.5?
DHCP - When a Windows computer cannot communicate with an IPv4 DHCP server, the computer automatically assigns itself an IP address in the 169.254.0.0/16 range. Linux and Apple computers do not automatically assign an IP address.
What network service use the WHOIS protocol
DNS
transport layer
Defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.
data link layer
Describes methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media.
Class A (0.0.0.0/8 - 127.0.0/8)
Designed to support extremely large networks with more than 16 million host addresses. It used a fixed /8 prefix with the first octet to indicate the network address and the remaining three octets for host addresses.
Class C (192.0.0.0 /24 - 223.255.255.0 /24)
Designed to support small networks with a maximum of 254 hosts. It used a fixed /24 prefix with the first three octets to indicate the network and the remaining octet for the host addresses.
Class B (128.0.0.0 /16 - 191.255.0.0 /16)
Designed to support the needs of moderate to large size networks with up to approximately 65,000 host addresses. It used a fixed /16 prefix with the two high-order octets to indicate the network address and the remaining two octets for host addresses.
A technician is configuring email on a mobile device. The user wants to be able to keep the original email on the server, organize it into folders, and synchronize the folders between the mobile device and the server. Which email protocol should the technician use?
IMAP
What type of information is contained in an ARP table?
IP address to MAC address mappings
Which statement describes a feature of the IP protocol?
IP relies on upper layer services to handle situations of missing or out-of-order packets.
A user gets an IP address of 192.168.0.1 from the company network administrator. A friend of the user at a different company gets the same IP address on another PC. How can two PCs use the same IP address and still reach the Internet, send and receive email, and search the web?
ISPs use Network Address Translation to change a user IP address into an address that can be used on the Internet.
What mechanism is used by a router to prevent a received IPv4 packet from traveling endlessly on a network?
It decrements the value of the TTL field by 1 and if the result is 0, it discards the packet and sends a Time Exceeded message to the source host.
What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?
It is encapsulated in a Layer 2 frame.
What action does a DHCPv4 client take if it receives more than one DHCPOFFER from multiple DHCP servers?
It sends a DHCPREQUEST that identifies which lease offer the client is accepting.
What are the two sizes (minimum and maximum) of an Ethernet frame?
Min - 64 bytes Max - 1518 bytes
presentation layer
Provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.
session layer
Provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.
Which protocol is a client/server file sharing protocol and also a request/response protocol?
SMB (Server Message Block Protocol)
A computer can access devices on the same network but cannot access devices on other networks. What is the probable cause of this problem?
The computer has an invalid default gateway address.
unicast
The transmission of data from a single device to another single device, such as a device which is being used to browse the Internet.
Which value, that is contained in an IPv4 header field, is decremented by each router that receives a packet?
Time to live
Which statement describes the ping and tracert commands?
Tracert shows each hop, while ping shows a destination reply only.
A host is transmitting a broadcast. Which host or hosts will receive it?
a specially defined group of hosts
A cybersecurity analyst believes an attacker is spoofing the MAC address of the default gateway to perform a man-in-the-middle attack. Which command should the analyst use to view the MAC address a host is using to reach the default gateway?
arp -a
HTTP 4xx
client error
What is the result of an ARP poisoning attack?
client information is stolen
Which networking model is being used when an author uploads one chapter document to a file server of a book publisher?
client/server
network unreachable (ICMPv4)
code 0
Protocol unreachable (ICMPv4)
code 2
Port Unreachable (ICMPv4)
code 3
What is a basic characteristic of the IP protocol?
connectionless
application layer
contains protocols used for process to process communications
physical layer
describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.
At which OSI layer is a source MAC address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
data link layer
What addresses are mapped by ARP?
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
A user issues a ping 192.168.250.103 command and receives a response that includes a code of 1 . What does this code represent?
host unreachable
HTTP 1xx
informational
A network administrator can successfully ping the server at www.cisco.com, but cannot ping the company web server located at an ISP in another city. Which tool or command would help identify the specific router where the packet was lost or delayed?
ipconfig
the process of placing one message format inside another message format
message encapsulation
the process of converting information from one format into another acceptable for transmission
message encoding
the process of breaking up a long message into individual pieces before being sent over the network
message sizing
Which type of transmission is used to transmit a single video stream such as a web-based video conference to a select number of users?
multicast
When a wireless network in a small office is being set up, which type of IP addressing is typically used on the networked devices?
private
A user issues a ping 2001:db8:FACE:39::10 command and receives a response that includes a code of 2 . What does this code represent?
protocol unreachable
network layer
provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.
HTTP 3xx
redirection
HTTP 2xx
success
WHOIS
tcp-based protocol that is used to identify the owners of the internet domains through the DNS system
What message informs IPv6 enabled interfaces to use stateful DHCPv6 for obtaining an IPv6 address?
the ICMPv6 Router Advertisement
A user sends an HTTP request to a web server on a remote network. During encapsulation for this request, what information is added to the address field of a frame to indicate the destination?
the MAC address of the default gateway
What type of information is contained in a DNS MX record?
the domain name mapped to mail exchange servers
