Multicultural Psychology Final Pt. 2 - Reading Quizzes
What role does the helping professional play in social justice counseling and psychotherapy?
Advocate, educator, AND change agent (all of these)
According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to the needs of the group is
Allocentric
What the various "isms" have in common is that they
Are routine institutional practices
According to the findings of the NCS-R, there was only one instance in which a minority group had a higher rate of mental disorder than Non-Hispanic Whites. What was this?
Bipolar disorder for non-Hispanic Blacks
In general, what did the findings of the NCS-R indicate about ethnic group differences in the rates of mental disorder?
Both Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Blacks have lower rates of mental disorder than Non-Hispanic Whites
According to the Sue worldview model, learned helplessness is associated with the ________ quadrant.
EC-ER
Health behaviors differ according to demographic factors such as
Education, social status, economic status, and stress levels
What four main principles guide social justice counseling and psychotherapy?
Equity, access, participation, and harmony
__________ is a movement that believes that only "good genes" should be passed from generation to generation and that "undesirable" groups should be prevented from reproducing.
Eugenics
In Helms' first status of European American racial identity development, contact:
European American people are unaware and uninformed about racism
Brave Heat et al. (2016) found that the differences in rates of mental disorder between American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and European Americans were ___________ for women.
Even greater
______________ involves the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
Evidence-based Practice in Psychology
Therapists may create barriers to treatment for culturally diverse clients by:
Falling prey to their own stereotypes, biases, and prejudices, being resistant to seeing the harm they do because they perceive themselves as moral, just, fair-minded people, and decent people, AND unconsciously pushing clients away because of their own lack of familiarity and discomfort with culturally diverse clients (all of these/all of the above)
True or False: According the American Psychological Association, religion and spirituality should not be included multicultural education.
False
According to Berry (1988, 1991), __________ refers to the first place the refugees settle where they feel safe.
First asylum
Jeannie, the Latinx woman whose mother sent back almost 60% of her paycheck to her family in Salvador, felt some amount of pressure, but ultimately concluded,
In union there is strength
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the influence of ________ factors and to underestimate the influence of ________ factors.
Internal, stable; external
The quantitative approach to research where numbers are compared to get at the "truth" underlying different phenomena is called the
Logical positivistic approach
Qualitative research approaches might be used when numerical scores
Lose some valuable information
The APA Working Group on Stress and Health Disparities (2017) found that
Low income neighborhoods created "food deserts" where only unhealthy foods were available
According to Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1979) ecological model, cultural values and norms, as well as laws and governmental influences are examples of the
Macrosystem
Which of the following disorders has differential rates across cultures, suggesting that cultural factors, such as poverty and violence, may play a greater role than genetics in its cause?
Major depression
In Kiana's therapy session with her therapist, Alan, questions came up around her gender, ethnic identity, and sexual orientation. Kiana came into that therapeutic relationship with almost all _______________ identities.
Marginalized
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the "people to nature/environment" dimension, Ho found that middle-class European Americans tend to believe in
Mastery over the future
According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, all of the following are types of intelligence except
Memorization
In the 2017 AHRQ report, National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report, a general conclusion was that
Most indicators of health disparities have not improved over time
Traditional gender roles and machismo are examples of _ culture
Normative
The World Health Organization's (1948) definition of health encompasses:
Not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
Many students, after taking a multicultural psychology course, say that they now actively engage in meaningful dialogues with others from differing backgrounds, are more open to the perspectives of others, and actively question their own. What do Fowers and Davidov (2006) call this?
Openness to the other
Worldviews are shaped by
Our behaviors, our past experiences, and our perceptions (All of these)
One of the most common mental disorder suffered by refugees is
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder)
Denial means
Pretending the differences are not there
When Leticia is with her Latino family, her ethnicity is the most relevant part of her identity, but when she goes to a gay pride parade, her sexual orientation is most relevant. What concept does this illustrate?
Racial salience
What are the MAIN causes of health disparities?
Racism, poverty, and structural barriers to accessing health care
According the American Psychological Association, if a client discusses beliefs that are contrary to that of the psychologist, the psychologist
Refrain from allowing personal biases into the therapeutic process
According to the book, many or most lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered individuals report that others in the broader society feel that
Sexual orientation is the entire part of their respective identities
According to Putnam (2007), bringing diverse groups together at churches, schools, community centers, and athletic fields are methods for creating
Shared social identities
When Kiana went to see Alan, a psychiatrist, for therapy, she felt frustrated by Alan's curiosity about her ethnicity and sexuality, and his assumptions about her as an "angry Black woman." According to Capodilupo (2016), Kiana probably did not return to therapy with Alan because:
She experienced several microaggressions in her first session with Alan
In her narrative "Brenda" writes about DACA and says she's not "the dreamer" or the "good immigrant". What is she noting is an issue for her?
She is responding to the notion that her parents might be considered "bad" immigrants. She noted that thanks to them that she can be considered a "good immigrant" and have legal protections.
Healthy People 2020 (2017) includes neighborhood and built environment, health and health care, social and community context, education, and economic stability as aspects of which of the following?
Social determinants of health
According to Hong and Ham (2001), for many immigrants, the lack of a support network leads to
Social isolation and stress, particularly when they encounter difficult situations
When European American liberals suggested that many ethnic minority children grew up in "culturally deprived environments," they were implicitly
Suggesting that the European American middle-class environment was the standard for all
_____________________ seems to be a particularly serious problem for Native Americans, with their rates double the national average.
Suicide
The earliest taxonomies placed human beings in categories based on
Superficial phenotypic characteristics
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding culture and the expression of psychological symptoms?
Symptoms are the same regardless of culture
In 2013, Nina Davaluri was the first Indian American to win the Miss America pageant. In the wake of her victory, Ms. Davaluri received both hateful and supportive reactions. What does this example say about the current state of race relations in the United States? (Choose all that apply)
The US is a country still plagued by racism AND the US has made a lot of progress in terms of race (Does NOT mean that the Miss American pageant is an outdated, sexist ritual)
Sue and Sue (2000) gave an example of how individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures defined the term "good decision." Which of the following is an example of the individualistic definition of this term?
The ability to make a personal decision without being unduly influenced by others
An important problem that will occur if health care disparities persist is
The cost of health care will become so high that our economy will not be able to pay
Which of the following is true about the composition of immigrants in the US
The countries of origin of immigrants varied greatly over time
In Dovidio and Gaertner's (2000) study on aversive racism, research participants were shown profiles of Black and White applicants. In some cases, the applicants were strong on criterion A and weak on criterion B, and in other cases, the applicants were weak on criterion A and strong on criterion B. Aversive racists used
The criteria that favored the White applicants.
According to Ho's (1987) application of the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model to different cultural groups, it seems that
The ethnic minority groups seem to be more similar to one another than any group to the middle-class European American group.
Stiglitz (2012) discussed how the widening wealth gap between the rich and poor would result in
The poor not having enough money to buy the products that the rich produce
Which of the following best defines descriptive culture?
The specific behaviors and activities associated with a culture
What is the "immigrant paradox"?
The tendency for immigrants to report lower levels of mental disorder than those born in the United States
The typical response when in a situation where you are different is to feel
Uncomfortable
Exposure to chronic stress causes physiological consequences such as high blood pressure, increased heart rate, and elevated blood sugar and cortisol levels. This is known as:
Allostatic load
Which ethnic groups are most likely than European Americans to delay or forgo care because of costs?
American Indian/Alaska Natives, Blacks, and Latinxs
In some cultures, mental illness is believed to be caused by possession by evil spirits. This is an example of a
Cultural explanation or perceived cause
Instead of saying she feels depressed, Anala's grandmother keeps complaining that her "heart hurts." This is an example of a
Cultural idiom of distress
___________________ are specific ways of expressing troubling thoughts, behaviors, and emotions within a particular culture.
Cultural idioms of distress
_______________ are disorders that occur only in certain cultures.
Cultural syndromes
Which of the following statements is TRUE about culture and mental health?
Culture influences how clients cope with their problems
Popular theories of human development emphasize individuation, or the development of an autonomous, independent self. This is in direct conflict with many collectivistic cultures that emphasize the development of an interdependent self, where one's self-image is directly connected to the family and community. This is an example of the ____________ values of psychology.
Culture-bound
_____________ are core beliefs of one culture that may be inappropriate for another culture.
Culture-bound values
One of the main differences between immigrants and refugees is that refugees
Do not want to leave home
Which of the following illustrates understanding other worldviews?
Doing a research paper on a culture different from yours (NOT doing a research paper on your own culture, traveling to the country your grandparents came from, or attending a cultural festival from your own group)
In a potentially threatening situation, if no other option is available, or if the person has tried other things and they didn't work, the person may not know what to do so may just do nothing and wait for the situation to be over. This has been labeled the _________ response.
Freeze
According to Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1979) ecological model, societal and cultural forces acting upon the individual without necessarily having a direct link to individual experience represents the
Exosystem
A researcher designs a study so that aspects of the study mirror the outside world, including multiple potential influences upon the study's results. This researcher is primarily concerned with
External validity
Sue (1999) criticized a reviewer for rejecting a study comparing successful African American students with less successful African American students because the reviewer said the study did not have a European American control group. Sue felt the reviewer ignored the importance of
External validity
All of the following are parts of the WEIRD acronym except
Extraverted
When we encounter something or someone that is different, our natural tendency is to
Feel uncomfortable and try to avoid the situation
In a potentially threatening situation, if no escape is possible, a person may become aggressive. This is known as the ___________ response.
Fight
Most people are familiar with the "fight or flight" response. What other two responses did Bracha et al. (2004) describe?
Freeze and fright
The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following except
Genetic determinants of behavior (Does refer to regular or expected behaviors of a particular group, different types of music, art, and dance, and food, clothing, history, and traditions)
In most migrating families, ___________ are seen as the "root of the oak."
Grandparents
According to the Resolution on Religious, Religion-Based and/or Religion-Derived Prejudice, many studies have found which type of relationship between religious fundamentalism and prejudice against others:
+ and linear
Mojtabai et al. (2011) found that the majority of people in the general population with common mental disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance abuse) did not seek help because
They didn't think they needed help
Based on available research evidence, what is one possible explanation for why men and women experience different disorders?
They have different kinds of reactions to the same circumstances
What does it mean when we say lesbian women of color face "triple jeopardy"?
They must cope with oppression based on three minority identities—race, gender, and sexual orientation
Immigrants are ____ educated than in generations past and hold ____ bachelor's degrees and ____ advanced degrees than US-born individuals.
More, the same, more
For most minority group members, particularly those in remote, rural locations, it is easier to
Stay within their own community and just "deal" with their ailments
In the textbook, African-centered psychology was given as an example of
A culture-specific approach to therapy.
European American physicians have been known to misdiagnose Black patients' symptoms of heart attacks at _______________ than identical symptoms of European American patients.
A higher rate
Critical consciousness involves more than simply perceiving things in a new way; it also involves
Action
Which of the following represents a countercultural individual, according to Triandis?
An allocentric individual in an individualistic society
Monica's story about how her brother always did better on standardized tests like the SAT led her to believe that he was just smarter than she was. However, after reading about Sternberg's theory of intelligence, she now realizes that her brother was better than her in _______ intelligence.
Analytic
One reason why qualitative methods have not been widely employed is that they
Are more difficult to employ than quantitative methods
According to Tatum (1997), why do all the Black kids sit together in the cafeteria?
As a method of coping with the stress of racism
When confronted with a choice between one's own desires and the needs of the larger group, someone from a collectivistic society will
Be motivated by the preferences and needs of the group
According to Ridley (1989, 1995), the kind of racism that involves individuals being unaware of their racism and perpetuating such racism is called
Covert, unintentional racism
Some individuals who are not as familiar with behaviors and beliefs of people of color continue to question the need to improve health care disparities when they observe these individuals
Behave in certain ways that are not consistent to Western conceptions of a healthy lifestyle
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the "preferred mode of activity" dimension, Ho found that American Indians tend to believe in
Being-in-becoming
Studies have indicated that when people's sociocultural identities and experiences are minimized and the universal dimensions of human experience are solely emphasized, therapy is not as effective. This ideology is defined as which of the following?
Color-blind racial theory
Labouvie-Vief (1985) found that older individuals often incorporate ________ into their answers when responding to intelligence tests.
Context
The creation and implementation of voter ID laws that disproportionally impact people of color is an example of:
Covert intentional racism
The case of Donte Robinson and Rashon Nelson at Starbucks was used in Chapter 1 to illustrate
Differences in worldview
The two most important skills needed to increase your level of multicultural competence are
Discovery and courage
According to Berry's classic work, ___________ is often the most powerful predictor of difficulties with acculturation (i.e., poor psychological and sociocultural adaption).
Discrimination
"Multidisciplinary services provided for children from birth to 5 years of age to promote child health and well-being, enhance emerging competencies, minimize developmental delays, remediate existing or emerging disabilities, prevent functional deterioration, and promote adaptive parenting and overall family functioning. These goals are accomplished by providing individualized developmental, educational, and therapeutic services for children in conjunction with mutually planned support for their families (pp. xvii-xviii)." The definition describes which type of advocacy?
Early intervention
Who said the following quote from Dr. Fluhman's devotional presentation? "For a disciple of Jesus Christ, academic scholarship is a form of worship. It is actually another dimension of consecration."
Elder Neil A. Maxwell
The poem that talked about the Maori woman not understanding why the different pills worked on different parts of her body until the doctor told her it was magic was an example of the woman finally understanding the explanation through the ________ perspective.
Emic
First-generation college students from a poor background who have viewed themselves as competent and successful in high school may face class-based discrimination on campus, diminishing the ability to develop a sense of social and academic competence. This is an example of which of the following Guidelines
Guideline One (#1)
Which Multicultural Guideline suggest that to avoid using Western psychology as a form of modern-day colonization, psychologist should strive to integrate Western and indigenous interventions?
Guideline Seven (#7)
Which principle of social justice says that sometimes individuals must sacrifice personal goals in order to benefit society as a whole?
Harmony
Health disparities cannot be fully understood without considering both health and
Healthcare
Armenta (2010) found that when studying stereotype threat, ________ helped to modify the effects of the threat.
High ethnic identity
Kaylene's narrative about being tested into the GATE program when she was a little girl revealed how early ________ tests were used.
High-stakes
According to Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1979) ecological model, the chronosystem refers to:
Historical trends and transitions, historical contexts, AND the passage of time (all of these)
According to Erickson (1950/1963), one of the major developmental tasks for human beings is developing ____________.
Identity
Which of the following stages is part of Poston's five-stage model of biracial identity development?
Identity confusion
What is the final stage of sexual identity development?
Identity synthesis
According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to his/her own needs is
Idiocentric
Hamilton and his colleagues presented various behaviors from a majority group and a minority group. There were more positive behaviors than negative behaviors presented describing both groups. Research participants recalled more negative behaviors for the minority group than for the majority group. Hamilton called this phenomenon the
Illusory correlation effect
Currently, intersectional researchers (cf., Bowleg, 2008; Cole, 2009; Sirin & Fine, 2008) have demonstrated that scholars can attend to structural dynamics resulting in social identities through all EXCEPT which of the following:
Individual behaviors alone (DOES result in qualitative research designs, quantitative research designs, and interdisciplinary research teams)
In the case of Chanda, the Cambodian refugee, if she is assessed from a(n) _____________ point of view, she will be diagnosed with schizophrenia. If she is assessed from a(n) _________________ point of view, she will be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Individual; ecological
Racism is considered to be the ________ component of categorization.
Institutional
In Cass' model of sexual identity development, identity synthesis is when an individual
Integrates his/her sexual identity with his/her other identities
The revised multicultural counseling competencies now recognize the impact of ____________ on mental health outcomes.
Intersecting identities
The racial and cultural identity development (R/CID) model
Is a comprehensive model that pulls together the common features of all the different group identity development models
An electronics company does not have any stores in Asian-dominated areas because it does not trust Asians with electronic merchandise. This company
Is racist towards Asians
Lonnie's narrative applied Dovidio and Gaertner's (1986, 2000) concept of aversive racism to sexism. She reported that a male colleague
Justified why they should hire two male candidates over female candidates with equal qualifications
According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), what percentage of U.S. residents experience a diagnosable mental disorder at some time in their life?
More than half (57.4%)
Early psychological research conducted by Europeans and European Americans on racial group differences often concluded that
Members of other racial groups are inferior to whites
According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), stressors that immigrants and refugees experience at school and work are part of the
Mesosystem
According to Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1979) ecological model, home, school, and church are examples of the
Mesosystem
What has been the impact of the discovery of information regarding things like the Tuskegee Experiment, sterilization experiments, and the use of slaves as involuntary medical research subjects?
Mistrust toward medical professionals by people of color
Most differences between racial groups can be accounted for by
Patterns of migration and adaptation between the different groups.
Lacking authority to be active agents of political life, such as easy access to voting, is an example of which of the following:
Powerlessness
The Resolution on Religious, Religion-Based and/or Religion-Derived Prejudice addresses which of the following:
Prejudices and discrimination against someone because of his/her religious beliefs, prejudice and discrimination against someone justified by religious beliefs and practices, AND prejudice and discrimination against a religion (all of these)
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the "time orientation" dimension, Ho found that Black Americans tend to resonate to the
Present
Alan was a White, male, heterosexual therapist. He brought almost all ___________ identities into his therapy with Kiana.
Privileged
In the assigned APA reading, the American Psychological Association encourages collaborative activities in pursuit of shared prosocial goals between
Psychologist and religious communities
If you are studying an interesting case, you are using a ________ approach to research.
Qualitative
When participant responses are judged to see if common themes emerge, we are using a ________ approach to research.
Qualitative
Which type of methods have proven more sensitive to social complexities and personal subjectivities?
Qualitative research
Clark, Ellis, Peel, and Rigs (2010) feel that there is a Western bias in favor of the logical-positivistic approach. One piece of evidence of this is
Qualitative researchers need to justify their rejection of norms in favor of alternative positions, whereas quantitative researchers do not
When participant responses are either numerical or transformed into numerical values for the purpose of comparison, we are using a ________ form of research.
Quantitative
You say, "Hi, how are you?" and your conversational partner proceeds to tell you everything that happened to her that day. She is violating Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of
Quantity
Which of the following of the following 2017 Multicultural Guidelines contextual factors does NOT represent the expansion of the 2002 Multicultural Guideless factors:
Race and ethnicity (DOES represent the expansion: education and employment, religion and spirituality, and socioeconomic status)
The "culture" in cultural competence refers to:
Race/ethnicity but also age, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, religion, income level, education, geography, and profession
This model specifically addresses how the individual feels about him/herself, others of the same group, others of another minority group, and members of the majority or dominant group.
Racial and cultural identity development model
Research studies show that African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with ________ than their European American counterparts who report the same symptoms.
Schizophrenia
Hayes' (2009) ADDRESSING model stands for all of the following EXCEPT
Regional differences (DOES stand for age and generational influences, disability, and sexual orientation)
Stan says, "I don't like going to other countries. You have to worry about crime, terrorists, getting sick . . . I prefer to stay here in the Good Ol' USA." Stan's statements reflect which "S of Similarity"?
Safe
Multiculturalism emphasizes all of the following except
The imposition of one's values and beliefs on others (Does emphasize cultural pluralism, analytic thinking involving multiple perspectives, and change at the individual, organizational, and societal levels)
According to the study by Martin, Neighbors, and Griffith (2013), what is one possible reason men and women are diagnosed with different disorders?
The measures used to diagnose mental disorders may not accurately capture the different ways in which men and women express psychological symptoms
How does culture influence mental health?
The types of symptoms experienced, the way symptoms are expressed, AND the individual level of comfort in seeking help (all of these)
From a cultural perspective, what is the difficulty with the current popularity of cognitive behavioral approaches to psychotherapy?
Their emphasis on behavioral expressiveness, such as assertiveness and direct confrontation
What is the BEST conclusion about the overall rates of mental disorder between men and women?
There are no overall differences in the rates of mental disorder between men and women, but there are gender differences in the specific types of disorders experienced
Sue and Sue (2003) renamed their book Counseling the Culturally Different to Counseling the Culturally Diverse. This was because
They wanted to convey that there are multiple perspectives that are equally acceptable
Suppose that you and a friend both receive an A in your multicultural psychology course. However, you feel that you know much more about the topic than your friend does. If both of you received the same number of points accumulated for the course, how would we be able to determine who understood more of the material?
Through a qualitative approach
What was the primary focus of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES)?
To investigate cultural and ethnic influences on mental health
True or False: One common finding across studies is that the way one is religious rather than merely whether one is religious contributes most to psychological outcomes.
True
Denise's therapist was knowledgeable about the gay community, the lesbian lifestyle, and the reactions of other communities to homosexuality. What area of multicultural competence does this illustrate?
Understanding client's worldview
What is arguably the most important part of multicultural competence?
Understanding the dynamics of racism, discrimination, and stereotyping
All individuals are, in some respects, "like all other individuals" illustrates which level of the tripartite model?
Universal level
In Ann Marie's narrative, she said the Filipino families' taking care of their aging parents was an example of
Vertical collectivism
What was the conclusion of the meta-analytic study conducted by Wilde, Emery, and Simons (2001) on eating-related problems and ethnic group membership?
White women had higher rates of eating-related problems
___________ have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, and ____________ have higher rates of substance abuse and impulse control disorders.
Women; men
