Music Appreciation Kamien,9E Middle ages and Renaissance

In later organum, the top melodies moved much faster than the chant, which was sung in long, slow notes, becoming like an_____

drone.

A dance of the Renaissance era in triple meter and with a lively tempo might be a ____?

galliard

The original chant in organum was usually the ___ melody, sung in slow, long notes.

lower

As is typical in Gregorian chants, single syllables are often sung to ____ notes.

many

Most troubadour songs that have survived in music notation show only the ___ of the song.

melody

The two main forms of sacred Renaissance music are the ______ and the ______.

motet; mass

Hildegard of Bingen claims to have written O Successores after being inspired by a ___.

vision

Who were Leonin and Perotin?

They were Notre Dame composers They were among the first to use music notation indicating precisely rhythm

What is ars nova?

A Latin term meaning new art.

Which descriptions apply to an estampie?

A medieval dance One of the earliest surviving forms of instrumental music A dance in triple meter with a strong, fast beat.

Listen to the audio clip. Which of the following statements describe the use of word painting in this recording?

All the voices sing the word together A duet sings "two by two" Fast rhythms are used to represent "running"

How does John Dowland express sorrow and melancholy in Flow My Tears?

By using a slow tempo By writing in a minor key By having descending melodic lines represting falling tears.

What are some indications that instrumental music during the Renaissance became more important?

Certain forms like theme and variations, exclusive to instrumental music, were developed. Music was now written specifically for instruments. Composers started to exploit the capacities of popular instruments.

During the Middle ages, where did most music education take place?

Church

Which of the following are correct statements about the scales known as church modes?

Church modes and modern scales both have seven tones. They were the basic muscial scales used in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The use of church modes helps give Gregorian chant its characteristic "otherworldly" sound.

Why was the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris important?

Composers like Leonin and Perotin wrote innovative polyphonic music. It was a symbol of Gothic architecture.

For what was instrumental music during the Renaissance primarily used?

Dancing

Which of the following statements accurately describe the thythm and melody heard in Renaissance music?

Each melodic line has rhythmic independence. The beat is not very evident because different melodies ovelap with each other. Imitation of the main melody is a common device used by composers

Which of the following statements describe the rising popularity of secular music during the Renaissance?

Educated people were expected to know how to sing and play instruments. Many songs were now written in many languages, reaching more people. The publication of song books provided mroe access.

Of what is The Triumphes of Oriana by Thomas Weelkes an anthology?

Englis madrigals in honor of "Oriana," or Queen Elizabeth I

True or False: Josquin Desprez, one of the greatest Renaissance composers, wrote only religious works like motets and masses for the church.

False

True or false: According to the Renaissance ideal, an educated person was discouraged from taking musical training or playing a musical instrument.

False

True or false: Minstrels or jongleurs were French nobles

False

The two most important geographical areas in the development of music during the Renaissance were___.

Flanders and Italy

What does organum mean?

Gregorian chant that has one or more melodic lines added to it.

Which of the following are characteristics of rhythm in Gregorian chant?

Has no meter or evident beat. Flexible and free flowing. Written in imprecise notation.

What is true about Thomas Weelkes, who lived from about 1575 to 1623?

He composed the madrigal "As Vesta Was Descending." He lived at the same time as Queen Elizabeth I and William Shakespeare. He was an English organist.

Which of the following are true of the career of Guillaume de Machaut?

He was a Chaplin. He served King John of Bohemia. He traveled on military campaigns and on visits to royal courts.

Which of the following statements about the writings of Hildegard of Bingen are correct?

Hildegard is the oldest-known female composer whose musical works (numerous sacred songs) have survived. Hildegard wrote treatieses on theology, science, and medicine. Hildegard wrote the earliest surviving morality play.

What is Machaut's love song, "Puis qu'en oublio sui de vous," based on his poems, about?

His disappointment after being forgotten by the young girl he loved.

What was the importance of Palestrina's music in regards to the Counter-Reformation?

His music is regarded as a model of polyphonic sacred music because of its clarity and calmness.

Why was the music of the 14th century referred to as ars nova?

Important musical changes happened during this time.

The illustration shown of the Emperor Maximillian in his music workshop depicts which of the following?

In the middle-right, an early keyboard instrument is seen on the table. In the lower center, at the front of the picture, there is a harp. In the lower left of the picture, there is an organ or regal.

Which of the following statements are true of the Agnus Dei from Machaut's Notre Dame Mass?

It has two identical sections followed by a section that ends with "Grant us peace" instead of "Have mercy upon us". It has three sections, thought to represent the Trinity.

Listen to the audio clip. Which statements best describe the recording?

It is a passamezzo by Caroubel. It is in duple meter. It does not use percussion instruments.

Listen to the audio clip. Which statements best describe the recording?

It is found paired with a passamezzo in Terpischore It is a fast dance in triple meter known as the galliard. It is by Pierre Francisque Caroubel.

Which of the following statements best describes the music in this audio recording?

It is the word Alleluia sung to the free rhythm of Gregorian chant.

Which of the following statements about the Renaissance lute are true?

It was a string instrument shaped like a half pear. It was used to accompany solo songs. It was popular in Renaissance homes

During the early Renaissance, what was the characteristic of instrumental music?

It was adapted from vocal music.

Which country became the leading Renaissance music center in the sixtheenth century?

Italy

A Chantar is the only female troubadour song to have what characteristic?

Its melody preserved in music notation.

Which of the following statements about minstrels or jongleurs are true?

Jongleurs played instruments and sang songs for entertainment. Jongleurs, being wandering minstrels, carried news with them wherever they went. The modern word juggler comes from jongleur.

Which of the following statements describe significant aspects of the music of Josquin Desprez?

Josquin's masses, motets, and secular vocal works influenced other composers. Josquin's music was widely praised by music lovers. Martin Luther remarked that God has preached his Gospel trough the music of Josquin Desprez.

What are the five texts (sung prayers) of the mass ordinary?

Kyrie Gloria Agnus Dei Sanctus Credo

what are the words of the Kyrie in the mass ordinary?

Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison

Listen to the audio clip. What work and composer are presented?

Kyrie from Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass

Gregorian chants sung were sung in ____

Latin

The only distinction that Renaissance composers made regarding instruments was between

Loud and soft

Which of the following statements are true of the music and writing of Guillaume de Machaut?

Machaut composed music and wrote poetry Machaut presented beautiful handwritten copies.

Which of the following statements about the Renaissance madrigal are accurate?

Many madrigals were composed by Luca Marenzio and Carlo Gesualdo in Italy, and Thomas Weelkes in England. Thanks to music printing, madrigals were published by the thousands in Italy and later in England.

An important innovation at the school of Notre Dame between 1170 and 1200 was the use of ___ rhythm.

Measured

What was the significance of the rhythmic innovations developed by Notre Dame composers in the late 1100s?

Measured rhythm had a clearly defined meter. Rhythm in music began using definite time values. Written notation could now indicate rhythm precisely.

Which of the following statements are true of music in the Renaissance?

Medieval music was found in limited manuscripts, whereas Renaissance music could be printed and circulated widely. Secular music was increasingly valued as an art in the Renaissance.

How were instruments of the Renaissance typically used in performances of that era?

Mixed groupings of different kinds, such as recorders and viols might be heard in ensembles of as many as thirty musicians. Renaissance composers did not specify the instruments to play a composition so performers would use whatever instruments were available. Renaissance musicians played wind, string, and percussion instruments.

What were some of the changes in the music of the ars nova?

More complex rhythmic patterns could not be notated. New notation divided beats into two as well as three. New notation could indicate syncopation.

Which of the following statements about Gregorian chant are accurate?

More than one thousand Gregorian-chant melodies were created during the Middle Ages. Chants were passed along as part of an oral tradition before they began to be preserved in written form. They have been the official music of the Catholic Church for more than a thousand years.

Which of the following statements about troubadours and trouveres are correct?

Most of their songs were about courtly love, battle and dance. About 1,650 of their melodies are preserved. The music likely had regular meter and a defined beat and was accompanied by instruments.

Which of the following statements about secular music in Paris in the Middle Ages are accurate?

Music was part of parties, games, and dancing indoors and outdoors. Reed instruments, pipes, fiddles and many other instruments were used.

Why was Paris an important city by the end of the twelfth century?

Musicians at Notre Dame led the development of polyphonic music It was an artistic capital It was an intellectual center, with the University of Paris attracting the scholars of the time.

Which is an example of musical patronage in the Renaissance?

Musicians working for a court employer.

As with many earlier music, the instruments used to play this estampie or other dance music were_____

Not specified

Which of the following statements describe changes in musical patronage in the Renaissance?

Patronage increased in the courts of the nobility. Composers began to put thier name on their compositions and expected to be compenstated. Virtuoso women singers began singing in several Italian courts.

Most medieval music manuscripts lack detailed performance instructions, they mainly just indicate_____

Pitch

What did Josquin Desprez do?

Served in the papal choir in Rome. Traveled widely, writing music for different courts and chapels Was a master of Renaissance music

For what voices/instruments were madrigals written?

Several solo voices

Which of the following statements about Hildegard of Bingen are true

She was abbess in Germany. She was a visionary and mystic. She wrote many monophonic chants.

During the Middle Ages, what might a musician in a monastery of cathedral do?

Sing liturgy

Which of the following statements about the singing of monks and priests in the Middle ages is accurate?

Singing was an important duty and monks were expected to sing with proper pronunciation, tone quality, and vigor

Which of the following statements are true about the texts used in the medieval mass?

Some text were used for mass only on specific occasions, such as Christmas. Some text for mass were used day after day. The texts for mass were in Latin.

Which of the following statements are true of the texture of Renaissance music?

Texture could vary within a composition, from homophony to polyphony. Most music during the Renaissance was polyphonic

Which of the following are associated with growing secularization in fourteenth-century France?

The Hundred Years' War Literary themes of sensuality The plague known as the Black Death

What was one of the most influential innovations that helped spread and popularize Renaissance secular music?

The development of the the printing press.

Which description applies to Guillaume de Machaut's Notre Dame Mass?

The first polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary by a known composer.

What happens in Josquin's motet Ave Maria... vigro serena?

The four opening melodic phrases all use the same lyrics. A voice will enter while the preceding entry is in the middle of its melodic line. The composer uses polyphonic imitation, a technique common in the Renaissance.

Which of the following describe the words and music of Renaissance music?

The humanistic interest in language is evident in vocal music It uses word painting to represent poetic images. It uses harmonies that help express the emotions of the words.

Listen to the audio clip. For most of Flow My Tears, the lute is subordinate to the voice; however in the middle section, as heard in this excerpt, what happens?

The lute imitates the voice's upward leaps and so becomes prominent.

Which of the following statements comparing the motet and mass in the Renaissance are accurate?

The motet and mass were the primary forms of sacred music. A mass has five texts and takes more time to perform than a motet. The words of the mass were those of the ordinary, whereas the motet used other sacred text.

Which of the following are characteristics of melody in Gregorian chant?

The pitch moves in stepwise fashion. The melody flows within a narrow range of pitches.

What were some of the criticisms about church music that were addressed during the Council of Trent?

The use of secular tunes and theatrical singing in Catholic church music. Catholic church music used noisy insturments and complex polyphony. Catholic church music had lost its purity.

What happens in a lute song?

The voice has the melody and is accompanied by the lute.

Listen to the audio clip. Which of the following correctly describes this excerpt from the Pope Marcellus mass?

The voices constantly imitate each other.

Listen to the audio clip. Which of the following best describes the music in this selection from Machaut's notre dame mass?

There are two lower voices. One is the tenor and has the chant. Ther are also two higher voices with more active, syncopated rhythms.

Which of the following statements are true of the texture in Josquin's Ave Maria ... Virgo Serena?

There is imitation between pairs of voices. It is mainly polyphonic. There is imitation between individual voices.

The texts known as the mass ordinary has what characteristics?

They remain the same every day throughout the year.

Listen to the audio clip. Which of the following best descrbes the music in the recording?

This is a motet on the Latin prayer "Ave Maria" with polyphonic imitation.

Listen to the audio clip. Which characterizes the music heard here?

This is the English madrigal, with polyphonic texture, no instruments, and abundant word painting.

Who were performers of secular music in the Middle ages?

Troubadours and trouveres in France. Wandering Jongleurs.

True of False: There were also women troubadours, whose songs were sung to men from the perspective of a woman.

True

True or False: Besides Italy and Flanders, Germany and England were also cultural centers where music developed during the Renaissance.

True

True or False: Even when the entire choir is singing the chant, the texture remains monophonic.

True

What is word painting?

When the music depicts the text

A Chantar is an example of a love song sung by a ___

a woman to a man

One of the few instruments used in church during the Middle Ages was the ___.

organ

A dance of the Renaissance era in duple meter and with a stately tempo might be a _____?

passamezzo

In this performance, the accompaniment is played by a vielle, which is a medieval ______ instrument.

string

Most music during the Middle Ages was primarily___

vocal.