Music Final

AOR (Album Oriented Rock

an American FM radio format focusing on album tracks by rock artists. AOR evolved from progressive rock radio in the mid-1970s, using research and formal programming to create an album rock format with greater commercial appeal.

Bobby Byrd

an American R&B/soul singer, songwriter, bandleader, talent scout, record producer, and musician, who played an integral and important part in the development of soul and funk music in association with James Brown.

Steve Albini

He is the founder, owner and engineer of Electrical Audio, a recording studio complex located in Chicago, United States. In March 2004, Albini said that the number of albums he had worked on was "probably as many as 1500."

Four to the Floor

4/4 beat in which the bass drum is hit on every beat

The Naked City

A crime show set in New York City which has been referenced in multiple rap songs. "There are 8 million stories"

Tapping

A method used by guitarists in which they tap between the tabs on a guitar in order to play fast solos

New Wave Film

A movement in French cinema in the 1960s, led by directors such as Jean Luc Godard and François Truffaut, that abandoned traditional narrative techniques in favor of greater use of symbolism and abstraction and dealt with themes of social alienation, psychopathology, and sexual love. Also called nouvelle vague.

Journey Song

A song that takes you on a journey

"Home Taping is Killing Music"

Home Taping Is Killing Music" was the slogan of a 1980s anti-copyright infringement campaign by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), a British music industry trade group. With the rise in cassette recorder popularity, the BPI feared that the ability of private citizens to record music from the radio onto cassettes would cause a decline in record sales.

Double Address

A way of describing the phenomenon in music videos where you can address the audience as the singer of the song and also a subject within the song

Biz Markie Ruling

After Biz Markie sampled Gilbert O'Sullivan in one of his songs after asking and him saying no, Gilbert O'Sullivan sued and the ruling was that artists must ask now before sampling another artists

Disco Demolition Night

An event held in Chicago in which the host from WLUP

Independent Label

An independent record label (or indie record label) is a record label operating without the funding of or outside the organizations of the major record labels. Many bands and musical acts begin their careers on independent labels.

Odd meter

An odd meter is a meter which contains both simple and compound beats.

Urban Dictionary

An online dictionary

Babylon

Babylon symbolizes Western Greed and capitalism. It's an oppressive place that you need to escape to go back to your roots

Backward Masking

Backmasking is a recording technique in which a sound or message is recorded backward onto a track that is meant to be played forward. Backmasking is a deliberate process, whereas a message found through phonetic reversal may be unintentional.

Big Beat

Big beat is a genre of music that typically uses heavy breakbeats and synthesizer-generated loops and patterns common to techno and acid house. The term has been used since the mid-1990s by the British music press to describe music by artists such as The Chemical Brothers, The Crystal Method, Cut La Roc, Fatboy Slim, Groove Armada, The Prodigy, and Propellerheads.

MTV and Black Artists

Black artists weren't really shown on MTV because they didn't fit MTV's format of rock music for the most part

Authenticity

Catchword signifying that something is real

Gated Reverb

Creates a very processed sound. It's reverb without a decay at the end. The snare at the beginning of Born in the USA

Devo

Devo is an American rock band formed in 1972. Devo's style, over time, has shifted between punk, art rock, post-punk and new wave. Their music and stage show mingle kitsch science fiction themes, deadpan surrealist humor, and mordantly satirical social commentary.

Bob Marley

God of Reggae

Twee

Music within Indie that is emphasizing things like childlike nature and adolescense

Talking Heads

New wave band who uses things like minimalism and repetition and also uses twitchy body motions to show that they don't conform to modern society

New Wave

New wave music is a musical genre of pop/rock created in the late-1970s to mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. The new wave sound of the late 1970s moved away from the smooth blues and rock & roll sounds to create music with a twitchy, agitated feel, choppy rhythm guitars and fast tempos.

James Brown

One of the founding fathers of funk music and a major figure of 20th-century popular music and dance, he is often referred to as "The Godfather of Soul".

Pictures at an Exhibition

Piano piece by Modest Mussorgsky

Gangsta Rap

Rappers who rap about crime

Layering

Recording (or playing) a musical part with other several similar sound patches playing simultaneously to add more body or fullness to the recording.

Intertextuality

Shaping a texts meaning by another text

Slamdancing

Slam dancing started when punk rock music started. It is the original form of "moshing". Back in the mid 70's and in the 80's punk rockers slammed danced. There wasn't any hardcore violence involved.

Protest Song

Songs that protested against real world issues. Written by a wide range of artists like Bob Dylan

2 Live Crew

The 2 Live Crew was an American hip-hop group from Miami, Florida. They caused considerable controversy with the sexual themes in their work, particularly on their 1989 album As Nasty As They Wanna Be.

The Mook

The MTV created young, adolescent male who is immature and wild

The Ramones

The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the punk rock sound.

The One

The first beat in a measure

Steve Dahl

The host of disco demolition night

Nu Metal

The name given to groups like Limp Bizkit and Korn. They were bringing together metal, hip hop and alternative

Damage

a British R&B boy band who achieved success in the 1990s with eleven hit singles, including four Top 10 successes on the UK Singles Chart

Pitchfork Media

a Chicago-based daily Internet publication devoted to music criticism and commentary, music news, and artist interview. Its focus is on independent music,[2] especially indie rock. However, the range of musical genres covered extends to pop, hip hop, folk, jazz, heavy metal, experimental, and various forms of electronic dance music.

Disc Jockey

a DJ

Better Youth Organization

a Los Angeles, California based independent punk rock record label created by Shawn and Mark Stern that aims to promote punk and other alternative youth cultures in a positive light.

Electronic/Dance Music

a broad range of percussive electronic music genres produced primarily for nightclubs, raves, and festivals.

WLUP FM (The Loop)

a commercial classic rock radio station serving the Chicago metropolitan area.

Subculture

a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture.

Synecdoche

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team").

Emo

originated in the mid-1980s hardcore punk movement of Washington, D.C., where it was known as "emotional hardcore" or "emocore" and pioneered by bands such as Rites of Spring and Embrace.

Disco

pop music intended mainly for dancing to at discos, typically soul-influenced and melodic with a regular bass beat and popular particularly in the late 1970s

One Drop

popularized by Carlton Barrett, long-time drummer of Bob Marley and the Wailers, created by Winston Grennan, in which the backbeat is characterized by the dominant snare drum stroke (usually a click produced by side-sticking) and bass drum both sounding on the third beat of every four, while beat one is left empty.

College Radio

run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution.

Syncopation

shifting of the normal accent, usually by stressing the normally unaccented beats.

Alienation

the act of alienating, or of causing someone to become indifferent or hostile.

Sampling

the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece.

Alternative Distribution Alliance

the independent music and film distribution arm of Warner Music Group, was created in 1993 to focus on the independent music business.

Woodstock '99

the second large-scale music festival (after Woodstock '94) that attempted to emulate the original Woodstock festival of 1969. However, unlike the previous two incarnations of Woodstock, Woodstock '99 was marred by violence, rape, and fires, bringing the festival to an abrupt end.

Groove

the sense of propulsive rhythmic "feel" or sense of "swing" created by the interaction of the music played by a band's rhythm section (drums, electric bass or double bass, guitar, and keyboards).

Extended Form

Writing the form out with measures

Second British Invasion

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, music from the United Kingdom was informed by the after effects of the "punk/new wave" revolution. In early 1979 "Sultans of Swing" by Dire Straits and "Roxanne" by The Police cracked the American Top 40, followed by the more modest chart successes of Elvis Costello, Sniff 'n' the Tears, The Pretenders, Gary Numan, and Squeeze. Scripps-Howard news service described this success as an early stage of the invasion

Progressive Rock

It developed from psychedelic rock, and originated, similarly to art rock, as an attempt to give greater artistic weight and credibility to rock music. Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music in an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect.

Keith Emerson

Keyboard player

MTV

Launched on August 1, 1981, the original purpose of the channel was to play music videos guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys," or VJs. In its early years, MTV's main target demographic were young adults, but today, MTV's programming is primarily targeted at adolescents and teenagers.

Hank Shocklee

Lead producer of Public Enemy's Bomb Squad. He invented sampling

Dub

Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings, usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece

Tipper Gore

Wife of Al Gore. Became well known for her role in the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), criticizing music with profane language and promoting Parental Advisory stickers (nicknamed "Tipper Stickers") on record covers, especially in the heavy metal, punk and hip hop genres.

DIY

With music such as punk that was more or less unmarketable, there were DIY labels made

Women in Rock

Women started to become prevalent figures in the rock scene like Alanis Morissette

Heavy Metal

a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.

Alternative

a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular by the 1990s.

The Build Up

a gradual approach to a climax or critical point

Miller vs. California

a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court wherein the court redefined its definition of obscenity from that of "utterly without socially redeeming value" to that which lacks "serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value."

Punk

a loud, fast-moving, and aggressive form of rock music, popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Rastafarians

a member of the Rastafarian religious movement. Rastafarians have distinctive codes of behavior and dress, including the wearing of dreadlocks, the smoking of cannabis, the rejection of Western medicine, and adherence to a diet that excludes pork, shellfish, and milk.

CBGB

a music club that opened in 1973. The letters CBGB were for country, bluegrass, and blues, Kristal's original vision, yet CBGB soon became a famed venue of punk rock and new wave bands like the Ramones, Television, Patti Smith Group, Blondie, and Talking Heads. From the early 1980s onward, CBGB was known for hardcore punk.

Punk magazine

a music magazine and fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn, and "resident punk" Legs McNeil in 1975. Its use of the term "punk rock", coined by writers for Creem magazine a few years earlier, further popularized the term. It was also the first publication to popularize the CBGB scene.

Virtuoso

a person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit.

Connoisseur

a person who is especially competent to pass critical judgments in an art, particularly one of the fine arts, or in matters of taste

Hardcore Pnk

a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. Hardcore punk music is generally faster, heavier, and more abrasive than regular punk rock.

Breakdown Bridge

a really heavy, sometimes considerably slower segment of (usually) metal/heavy rock songs. A lot of times it's used as a bridge. So a breakdown is frequently a bridge, but not all bridges are breakdowns.

Sub Pop

a record label founded in 1986 by Bruce Pavitt. In 1988, Sub Pop Records LLC was formed by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman in Seattle, Washington. Sub Pop achieved fame in the late 1980s for first signing Nirvana, Soundgarden, Mudhoney and many other bands from the Seattle alternative rock scene

The Loop

a repeating section of sound material. Short sections of material can be repeated to create ostinato patterns.

Double Time

a rhythm that is twice as fast as an earlier one.

The Emo Diaries

a series of twelve compilation albums released by Deep Elm Records between 1997 and 2011. The series had an open submissions policy and featured mostly acts that were unsigned at the time of the albums' releases

Funk

a style of popular dance music of US black origin, based on elements of blues and soul and having a strong rhythm that typically accentuates the first beat in the bar.

Hip Hop

a style of popular music of US black and Hispanic origin, featuring rap with an electronic backing.

Raggae

a style of popular music with a strongly accented subsidiary beat, originating in Jamaica. Reggae evolved in the late 1960s from ska and other local variations on calypso and rhythm and blues, and became widely known in the 1970s through the work of Bob Marley; its lyrics are much influenced by Rastafarian ideas.

Cock Rock

a subgenre of rock music that emphasises an aggressive form of male sexuality. It developed in the later 1960s, came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and it continues into the 21st century.

Call and Response

a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the first.

Twelve Inch Single

a type of gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time compared to typical LPs.

Rap

a type of popular music of US black origin in which words are recited rapidly and rhythmically over a prerecorded, typically electronic instrumental backing.

PMRC

an American committee formed in 1985 with the stated goal of increasing parental control over the access of children to music deemed to be violent, have drug use or be sexual via labeling albums with Parental Advisory stickers.

Village People

an American disco group that formed in 1977, well known for their on-stage costumes depicting American masculine cultural stereotypes as well as their catchy tunes and suggestive lyrics. Originally created by Jacques Morali and Henri Belolo to target disco's gay audience by featuring popular gay fantasy personae, the band quickly became popular and moved into the mainstream.

Black Flag

an American hardcore punk band formed in 1976 that is often regarded as pioneers in the movement of underground do-it-yourself record labels that flourished among the 1980s punk rock bands.

SST Records

an American independent record label formed in 1978 in Long Beach, California by musician Greg Ginn. The company was initially formed in 1966 by Ginn at age 12, as Solid State Transmitters, a small business through which he sold electronics equipment. Ginn repurposed the company as a record label to release material by his band Black Flag.

Limp Bizkit

an American nu metal band. Their lineup consists of Fred Durst (lead vocals), Wes Borland (guitars, backing vocals), Sam Rivers (bass guitar, backing vocals) and John Otto (drums, percussions).

Nirvana

an American rock band that was formed by singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington in 1987.

Madonna

an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV.

Bruce Springsteen

an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and humanitarian. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of poetic lyrics, Americana working class, sometimes political sentiments centered on his native New Jersey and his lengthy and energetic stage performances, with concerts from the 1970s to the present decade running over three hours in length.

Led Zeppelin

an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham.

Nicolo Paganini

an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer. He was the most celebrated violin virtuoso of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique.

Synthesizer

an electronic musical instrument, typically operated by a keyboard, producing a wide variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies.

Obscenity

an extremely offensive word or expression.

Eddie Van Halen

best known as the lead guitarist, keyboardist and co-founder of the hard rock band Van Halen. He is considered to be one of the world's greatest guitarists, and one of the most influential rock guitarists of the 20th century.

Kurt Cobain

best known as the lead singer, guitarist, and primary songwriter of the rock band Nirvana. Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle music scene, having its debut album Bleach released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989.

"Parental Advisory" sticker

is a warning label first introduced by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1985 and later adopted by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in 2011. It is placed on audio recordings in recognition of excessive profanities or inappropriate references, with the intention of alerting parents of potentially unsuitable material for younger children.

Fanzine

made to promote local punk groups

Indie

music produced independently from major commercial record labels or their subsidiaries, a process that may include an autonomous, do-it-yourself approach to recording and publishing.

Soft/Loud Form

music that changes dynamics