music p1 q2 ( musical style )

Standards

- It is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or styles. Its style is mostly moderate tempo with a relaxed mood and highly playable melodies within the range and technical capacity of armature singers.

Andean region Central America Caribbean Brazil

4 It pertains to Latin music because of the impact on the countries colonized by Spain and Portugal, spanning the following areas:

Indian descendant African descendants European descendant Asian descendant Mixed descendants

5 became populated by five major ancestral groups

Traditional Music of Africa

Basically, African music has interlocking structural format. It is mainly overlapping and has dense texture as well as its rhythmic complexity. Its many sources of influence have produced such varied styles and genres

✓ Indian descendant of the original native inhabitants of the region before the arrival of the colonizers. ✓ African descendants from Western and Central Africa; ✓ European descendants of colonizers mainly from Spain and Portugal, but also those of French, Dutch, Italian, and ✓ Asian descendant of migrations from China, Japan, Indian, and Indonesia/Java; and ✓ Mixed descendants from the abovementioned groups

Because of the interracial relationship and migration, the abovementioned countries also became populated by five major ancestral groups such as:

Central America

Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama.

Godfather of Soul

Brown is called as

Caribbean

Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, and Puerto Rico.

Popular Music

Developed in the 20th century, pop music is generally comprised of music for entertainment of large number of audiences, whether on radio or in live performances

Music of Africa

For the African ceremonies, singing, dancing, clapping, and beating of drums have essential roles even in religious expressions and political events.

jazz forms

In the subject of research are its rhythmic structures and spiritual characteristic that have led to the birth of _______.

Music of Africa

In the subject of research are its rhythmic structures and spiritual characteristic that have led to the birth of jazz forms.

Cumbia

It consists of varying rhythmic meters in different locations- two four-time signature in Colombia, two four, four four, and six eight time signatures in Panama, and two two time signature in Mexico. The instruments used are drums of African origin, such as the tabora, (bass drum), claves (a pair of the thick hardwood sticks struck together to set the beat), guitar, accordion, clarinet, modern flute, and caja (a type of snare drum).

Maracatu

It first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythm of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies. The maracatu group called nacoes (nations) who paraded with a drumming assemble numbering up to 100, are accompanied by singer, a chorus, and coterie of dancers

Marabi

It is South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African jazz. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns with repetitive harmony over an extended period to give the dancers more time on the dance floor.

Samba

It is a Brazilian musical genre and style. Its roots can be traced to Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious tradition particularly in Angola and the Congo. It has basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It is lively and has rhythmical beat with three steps to every bar, making the samba feels like a timed dance.

Reggae

It is a Jamaican musical style that was influenced by the island's traditional mento music. Its offbeat rhythm and staccato chords are the most distinctive qualities of _____

Were

It is a Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for the early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European music styles

Chacha

It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba. It was derived from the mambo and its characteristics rhythm of 2 crochets-3 quavers- quaver rest, with a syncopation on the fourth beat

Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads

It is a blues style built from single verse of 16 bars ending the dominant of half cadence, followed by a refrain or chorus part of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form. The B section acts as the bridge, and the piece usually ends with a brief coda or the tail-a few additional lyrics that bring the song to a close

Zouk

It is a carnival-like rhythm, from the creole slang word for "party". It originated in the Caribbean Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique and popularized in the 1980s. It has pulsing beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of snare drum, a rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesizers.

Samba

It is a dance form of African origin which evolved into an African -Brazilian favorite in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro. Its lively rhythm consists of two four-time signature that are danced as three steps per measure, thus creating a feeling of three four-time signature.

Kwassa Kwassa

It is a dance style that began in Zaire in the late 1980s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this style, the hips move back and forth while arms follow the hip movements.

Son

It is a fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spain, the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin.

Jit

It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drum with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles

Call and Response

It is a method of a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to the first. It is somewhat same with question-and-answer sequence in human communication. It also resembles to the verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions.

Apala (Akpala)

It is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, It used to wake-up worshippers after fasting during Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle (sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.

Juju

It is a musical style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where instruments are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun- dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).

Ragtime

It is a popular American music style mainly for piano. It originated in the Afro-American communities of St. mode" made popular by John Philip Sousa, Louis and New Orleans. It was said to be a modification of the "marching where the effect is generated by an internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a rhythmically straightforward bass

Axe

It is a popular genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of marcha and reggae and is played by carnival bands.

Salsa

It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico 1970s. The moderate tempo is used throughout.

Ballads

It is about expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically with love. The word "ballad" derived both from the medieval French "chanson balladee" and "ballade", means a dancing song. Nowadays, the term ballad pertains to a love song in slightly pop or rock style, with following variations:

Soca

It is also called as the "soul of calypso". It originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago. It is a modern Trinidadian and Tobagonian pop music combining soul and calypso music

Alternative Music

It is an underground and independent form of music that arose in the 1980s. It was recognized as unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing

Reggae

It is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid-1960s. It contained English. texts coupled with Creole expressions that were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican. It was a synthesis of Western American (Afro-American) popular music and the traditional Afro-Jamaican music. It composed a Western-style melodic- harmonic base with African sounds and characteristics, American pop and rock music mannerisms, and a preference for a loud volume in the bass. The best-known proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley.

Spiritual

It is associated with deeply religious person. It pertains to a song form, known as the "Negro spiritual" sang by the African slaves in America who became enslaved by their white communities. This form of music is used as outlet to express loneliness and anger. It was a result of the interaction of music and religion from Africa with that of American. The text, mainly religious, and sometimes taken from Biblical psalms or passages, while the music utilizes deep bass voices. The vocal inflections, African accents, and dramatic changes in dynamic add to the musical interest and effectiveness of the singing.

Pop and Rock Ballads

It is categorized as an emotional love song with suggestions of folk music.

Rumba

It is popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted quaver- dotted quaver-dotted semiquaver rhythm. It has a repetitive melody with an ostinato pattern played by maracas, claves, and other percussion instruments.

Country and Western Music

It is the combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern United States. The terminology "country music" began to be used in the 1940s when the earlier term "hillbilly music" was felt to be degrading, and the term was subsequently embraced in the 1970s. The music reflects the people's life experiences and local settings, even while combining the ideas of a continued development of the society with nostalgia for one's roots and culture. Its musical characteristics are simple tune, usually sung solo accompanied by a guitar, a banjo, or occasional whistling. The theme of the songs shows the romantic imagery of the American cowboy-depicting heroic deeds, gritty trail life, nature and widen open space.

Jazz Rock

It is the music of 1960s and 1970s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock music. A synonym for "jazz fusion", jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B (rhythm and blues) where the music used amplification and electronic effects, complex time signature, and extended instrumental compositions with lengthy improvisations in the jazz style.

Afrobeat

It is used to describe fusion of Western African with Black American music.

Popular Music

It literally means "music of the populace", similar to traditional music of the past. In the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called) generally consisted of music for entertainment of large number of people, whether on radio or in live performances

Paso Doble

It means double step. It is a theatrical Spanish dance used by Spaniards in bullfights. The music was played as the matador (a bullfighter whose task is to kill the bull) enters (paseo); and, during passes just before the kill (faena). The music used is in the duple meter and march-like character.

Blues Ballads

It often deals with anti-heroes resisting authority and emphasizes the character of the performance more than narrative content as accompanied by banjo or guitar

Bossa nova

It originated in the late 1950s when a slower, gentler version of the classic Cuban samba become popular with the upper- and middle-class sectors of Brazilian society. The name bossa nova is Portuguese (the language of Brazil) for "new trend." The music integrates melody, harmony, and rhythm into a swaying feel, where the vocal style is often nasal. The music contains themes centering on love, women, longing nature, and youthfulness. This is ideal for easy and relaxing listening, conducive to romantic dates and quiet moments at lounges

Music of Latin America

It pertains to Latin music because of the impact on the countries colonized by Spain and Portugal, spanning the following areas:

Philippine Popular Music Original Pilipino Music (OPM)

It pertains to the Philippine pop song, particularly ballads, such as those popular after the fading of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late 1970s. 1980s and 1990s are regarded as the golden era of Philippine ballads. Among the classics that emerged were those created by Ryan Cayabyab, George Canseco, Willie Cruz, Jose Marie Chan, and Gary Valenciano. In the Philippines there are compositions that made use of Western-type melody and harmony, while expressing uniquely Filipino emotions in moving poetic lyrics.

Big Band

It refers to a large ensemble originated in the United States in the mid-1920s closely associated with the Swing Era and its jazz elements. The style relied heavily on percussion (drums), wind, rhythm (guitar, piano, double bass, vibes), and brass instruments (specifically saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins and other string instruments) to accompany a lyrical melody.

Soul

It was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s. It originated in the United States, and combined elements of African American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythm is accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features. Other characteristics include "call and response" between the soloist and the chorus, and an especially intense and powerful vocal sounds

Rock and Roll

It was greatly popular song from United States during the late 1940s to the 1960s. It combined the Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with Western swing and country music. The lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instrument

Indigenous Latin American Music

It was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and ceremonies. The use of instruments, as well as singing and dancing, served to implore the gods for a good harvest or victory in battle, to guard against sickness and natural disasters, and of course to provide recreation.

Popular Latin American Music

Latin American has produced several musical genres and forms that had been influenced by European folk music, African traditional music, and native source. Much of its popular music has inturn found its way to America, Europe, and eventually the rest of the world. Its danceable rhythms, passionate melodies, and exotic harmonies continue to enthrall music and dance enthusiasts worldwide. Some of these Latin American popular music forms are the tango, bossa nova, samba, son, and salsa

Pop Music

Like disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge including pop superstars like Celine Dion, Madonna, Michael Jackson (The King of Pop) and the today's pop music idols, such Boyzone, Westlife, Black Eyed Peas, K-pop groups, etc.

Music of Africa

Music has always play an important role in the daily lives of Africans. It can be for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication

call and response

Other characteristics of soul include

music of the populace

Popular music literally means

soul forefathers

Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are often acknowledged as

soul of calypso

Soca is also called as the

Music of Latin America

The Latin American music is the product of three major influences of indigenous Spanish, Portuguese, and Africa.

Spanish, Portuguese, Africa

The Latin American music is the product of three major influences of indigenous ______, _______, and _______.

Foxtrot

The _____ is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA. It was executed as one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern.

Jazz Music

The development of the jazz genre was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who were brought to America. As an outlet for their deepest feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition as slaves in America. Jazz evolved into different upbeat forms which the world adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.

Euro-Latin American Music

The different regions of Latin American adopted various characteristics from European colonizers. The melodies of renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts, while step-wise melodies were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia. Alternating dual meter, such as and, known as "sesqualtera" found in Chile and adopted in Cuba and Puerto Rico, were immortalized in the song I Wanna Be in America from Leonard Bernstain's Broadway hit West Side Story. Other European influences were seen in the texture of Euro-Latin American music, from unaccompanied vocal solos to those accompanied by stringed instruments.

Mixed American Music

The diversity of races and cultures from the native Americans, Afro-Latin Americans and Euro-Latin Americans account the rich combination of musical elements. This musical fusion, combining native instruments with Europe counterparts and musical theories, was further enriched by the instruments brought by the African slaves. The massive infusion of African culture also led to the introduction of other music and dance forms such as the Afro-Cuban rumba, the Jamaican reggae, the Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba.

nacoes (nations)

The maracatu group called

Hip Hop and Rap

The musical style is a highly rhythmic type of music that usually includes rap (rhythmic chanted words). In rapping, the artist performs along within the instruments, or the synthesizer beat

expressive, soulful sound

The notes of the blues create an _______ and __________. The feelings that are evoked are normally associated with misfortune, lost love, frustration, or loneliness. From extreme joy to deep sadness, the blues can communicate various emotions more effectively than other musical forms.

Music of Africa

The organization of this vast continent is a colonial legacy from European rule of different nations up to the 19th century, enabling it to incorporate it's music with language, environment, political development, immigration, and cultural diversity

Afro-Latin American Music

The rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various percussion instruments are noticeable in this music. Complex layering of rhythmic pattern was favorite device, where fast- paced tempo adds to the rhythmic density. Vocal music was often deep-chested while instrumental music greatly relied on drums and buzzer to produce rich sounds and occasional loud volume levels for added intensity.

Music of Africa

The wide influence of ______ music spread throughout the world. It permeated contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles.

tango

The word "tango" has been of African origin, meaning "African dance" or from the Spanish word taner meaning "to play" an instrument. During the 1890s, it developed as the foremost urban song and dance form in the working-class areas of Buenos, Aires, Argentina related to the Cuban contradanza and habanera

Folk Music

Traditionally, folk music pertains to melodies and songs of the common people handed down one generation to the next. Folk music commonly expresses the character of ethnic and social groups, and sometimes of a nation. As the music of the people, it shows political or religious beliefs, tells a story, recount history, or simply provides amusement. During 1960s and 1970s, folk music took on a new character. It was combined with elements of rock to reveal the social and political concerns of the youth era.

party

Zouk is a carnival-like rhythm, from the creole slang word for

brown

_____ is called as "Godfather of Soul"

African

______ music is a result of the collective cultural and musical variety of more than 50 ethnic divisions of the continent.

Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson

_______ and ______ are often acknowledged as "soul forefathers

Andean region

a mountain system of western South American along the Pacific coast from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego. - Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela

Deep South

blues called

jitter

is a form of swing dance.

Blues

is a musical form of the late 19th century that had deep roots in African American communities, located in the so called "Deep South" of the United States, where the slaves and their descendants used to sing as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields

Bebop

is a musical style of modern jazz that emerged during World War II. It was recognized by its tempo, instrument virtuosity, and improvisation. The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted to heavy performance where the instrument sound more intense and freer

Scott Joplin

is known as the "King of Ragtime".

jive

it is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug. Jitter is a form of swing dance

Salsa

it is dance music from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. It is composed of various genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero

Popular Music

literally means "music of the populace".

Disco Disco

music pertained to rock music that was more danceable. The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by a steady beat for ease of dancing, and accompanied by stringed, horns, electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.

marching mode

ragtime said to be a modification of the _____

loneliness, anger

spiritual form of music is used as outlet to express _______ and _____.

"Negro spiritual"

spiritual pertains to a song form, known as the

1. Folk Music 2. Country and Western Music 3. Ballads 4. Standard 5. Rock and Roll 6. Disco Disco 7. Pop Music 8. Hip Hop and Rap 9. Alternative Music 10. Philippine Popular Music Original Pilipino Music (OPM)

what are the 10 Popular Music

1. Ragtime 2. Big Band 3. Bebop 4. Jazz Rock

what are the 4 Jazz Music

1. Indigenous Latin American Music 2. Afro-Latin American Music 3. Euro-Latin American Music 4. Mixed American Music 5. Popular Latin American Music

what are the 5 Influences on Latin American Music

1. Maracatu 2. Blues 3. Soul 4. Spiritual 5. Call and Response

what are the 5 musical style of Vocal Form of African Music

1. Reggae 2. Salsa 3. Samba 4. Soca 5. Were 6. Zouk

what are the 6 musical style of Latin American as Influenced by African Music

1. Cumbia 2. Tango 3. Chacha 4. Rumba 5. Bossa nova 6. Reggae 7. Foxtrot 8. Paso Doble

what are the 8 Vocal and Dance Form of Latin American Music

1. Afrobeat 2. Apala (Akpala) 3. Axe 4. Jit 5. Jive 6. Juju 7. Kwassa kwassa 8. Marabi

what are the 8 musical style of traditional music of Africa

bob marley

who is the best know proponent of reggae music?