Nazi Germany and World War II
Germany in the 1920s and 1930s
1919- Chaos after World War I 1923- Hitler's first attempt to overthrow the government: The Beer Hall Putsch Hitler writes Mein Kampf in jail, supports anti-Semitism 1933- Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany 1935- Nuremberg Laws: segregates Jews 1938- Kristallnacht: first state violence against Jews in Germany
Munich Agreement
A September 30, 1938, agreement among Germany, Britain, Italy, and France that allowed Germany to annex the region of western Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland. The Munich Agreement was the most famous example of British prime minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement prior to World War II.
Facism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition, strong government but takes away your freedom
German Agression
Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles in a number of ways. - Hitler built up the German military and drafted soldiers into the army - Hitler placed soldiers in the Rhineland (between Germany and France) - Hitler took over neighboring the neighboring countries Austria, and Czechoslovakia.
Five Causes of WW11
Appeasement, Rise of Dictators, Invasion of Poland, Failure of League of Nations, WW1, and the Treaty of Versailles.
Italian Agression
Benito Mussolini of Italy invaded and took over Ethiopia.
Rape of Nanking
Brutal event in which the Japanese raped killed Chinese civilians in the city of Nanking. It was a major human rights violation.
Treaty of Versailles
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: 1) surrender of German Territory, 2) reparations to Britain and France, 3) occupation of Rhineland by Allies, 4) Germany had to admit guilt for starting war 5), League of Nations established with Article X, example of multilateralism (WW) 1918, ,
Axis
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Stalingrad
Hitler failed to conquer Russia at Stalingrad Because of the Harsh climate (severe winter) and larger size of the nation.
Propoganda
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause (Hitler used this to gain power)
Munich Conference
In Germany, Great Britain appeased Hitler by giving him control of Czechoslovakia, which led Hitler to demand even more land.
League of Nations
International organization created after WW1 in order to prevent war, It failed to stop Hitler, Mussolini, or Japan.
Key Events of WW11
Invasion of Poland Pearl Harbor, Stalingrad D-Day Invasion Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The Holocaust
Pearl Harbor
Japan launched a suprise attack against the United States, which brought the U.S. into the war.
Japanese agression
Japan took over Korea, Manchuria, and much more of Southeast Asia, in order to gain natural reosurces /raw materials like coal and iron.
Events Leading up to WW11
Japanese aggression, Rape of Nanjing, Italian agression, and German agression
Modern Warfare of WW11
Machine Guns, Walkie Talkies, Deadly bombs, Aircraft carriers, Radar, Sonar, Improved airplanes submarines and tanks, also (naval vessels for sea battles).
Japanese Imperialism
Need for natural resources, A growing urban population and industrial nation, Military gained more power in government, increased nationalism and desire to expand.
Nazi-Soviet Non- Agression Pact
Occurred in 1939. Representatives from Germany and Soviet Union met and signed this which guaranteed that no 2 countries would not attack one another. By signing this pack, Germany had protected itself from having to fight a 2 front war in the soon to begin WWII. Soviets were awarded land, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States.
Invasion of Poland
The action by Germany that began World War II in 1939. Germany invaded Poland only days after signing the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, under which the Soviet Union agreed not to defend Poland from the east if Germany attacked it from the west. Poland was quickly defeated because they lacked natural boundaries, they have very flat plains which were easy to conquer.
Appeasement
This is a policy where an aggressive nation is given what they want by other nations in order to avoid war.
D- Day Invasion
This was the beginning of the final allied push against Germany, It resulted in the eventual defeat of Germany. They were fighting two countries at once. Paris was also liberated from German control.
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
This was the final event of WW11 The U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. Japan surrendered soon after.
Allies
United States, Britain and France, USSR (switched because Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact)
Human Rights Violation
Violations against people's civil rights and liberties by governments
Nazi Rise to Power
World War 1- German War debts, loss of German colonies, wish for revenge Weak Government- Doubts about Weimar Republic, Arguments between political groups, wish to return to a strong leader like the Kaiser Economic Problems- Inflation Worldwide Depression, unemployment, and reparation payments, Leadership (Hitler and the Nazi's - Use of terror and force, Idea of a super race, shift of balance to minority group, propaganda
NOTE 3
World War II started when Hitler Invaded Poland in 1939, Three days later Britain and France declared war on Germany.
NOTE 2
World War II took place mainly because very little was done early on to stop Hitler, Mussolini, or Japan.
NOTE
World War II was the second major conflict of the twentieth century. It was fought mainly in Europe and and on the islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Total War
a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. The army does not just fight but also civilians, this is why there were so many more deaths in WW11 then in WW1.
After Hitler was appointed Chancellor, how did he gain even more control over Germany?
he passed the enabling act which made him the dictator of Germany, Got rid of parliament and banned all other parties.
Weimar Government
t Germany's new democratic government set up in 1919.