nephrology patho
A 21-year-old male was admitted to the renal ward for acute glomerulonephritis? As the admitting resident, which of the following question is most appropriate to ask the patient?
Have you had any type of infection, e.g., strep-throat, within the last 2 weeks?
A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?
Hematuria
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
Hematuria
A young female was referred to a nephrologist for suspected glomerular disease - nephritic disease. Which of the following are signs of nephritic syndrome?
Hematuria Proteinuria Mild edema
A 42-year-old is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. Which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?
Proteins
The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is
Proteinuria
In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the glomerular inflammation results from:
a type III hypersensitivity reaction.
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
an immune complex reaction.
One of the complications of renal failure is anemia. Which of the following is indicated to treat patient with anemia secondary to renal dysfunction or failure?
Administer subcutaneous injection of erythropoietin
All of the following patients are at risk for acute renal failure of the pre-renal type EXCEPT
A 41-year-old female admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis
What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?
Calcium
A 45-year-old present with hypertension, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. What is the cause of this patient's anemia?
Inadequate production of erythropoietin
A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?
Inadequate renal blood flow
A 35-year-old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing?
Intrarenal
What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?
Loss of tubule function
Glomerular disorders include
Nephrotic syndrome
The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is
Pain
An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for?
Postrenal
Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine.
Protein
What intervention do you plan to include in patient who has renal calculi?
Strain all urine
A 25-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. He was transported to UMC in stable condition. Abdominal CT scan showed intra-abdominal bleeding from liver laceration. The patient was prepped for emergency surgery to repair the laceration. Resulting from this traumatic event, blood flow to the kidneys decreased. Which of the following may/will occur?
The renin-angiotensin system will be activated
As the chief resident of the nephrology service, you are tasked to educate 4th year medical students rotating through the nephrology clinic. On the first day of the rotation, a medical student was involved in the admission of a patient with pre-renal failure. Which of the following is a teaching point to the medical student to ensure he understands the disease process?
Trauma with blood lost, burns, and cardiogenic shock are precursors to pre-renal failure
A 55-year-old male with a history of gout complained of left flank pain. Which of the following renal calculi will most likely develop in this patient?
Uric acid
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be
Uric acid
While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:
Urine pH
A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is
acute glomerulonephritis.
A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because
albumin is excreted in the urine.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage.
The major cause of glomerulonephritis is an
immune system damage to the glomeruli.
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
oliguria. red blood cell casts in the urine. proteinuria.
