Neuro Part 2 - Pharm

a nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to the emergency department with a head injury. the nurse notes that the client has an existing prescription for bupropion hydrochloride to treat depression. for which of the following adverse effects is the client at increased risk? Ischemic stroke Drowsiness Respiratory depression Seizure activity

Seizure activity Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, can cause seizure activity when clients take high doses or have a seizure disorder, a CNS tumor, or a history of head trauma.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for diazepam for anxiety disorders. which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "It is not a big deal if I forget my pills for a couple of days." "I should limit alcohol intake to one drink daily while taking this medication." "I will avoid salt because this medication can increase my blood pressure." "If I become pregnant, it is important to let my health care provider know."

"If I become pregnant, it is important to let my health care provider know." Diazepam can increase the risk of congenital malformations and is contraindicated for clients who are pregnant.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for buspirone to treat anxiety. which of the following instructions should the nurse include? "Take a missed dose as soon as you remember." "Take the drug as needed at the first sign of anxious feelings." "Take the drug in the morning with a glass of grapefruit juice." "Drink a cup of chamomile tea at night with the drug."

"Take a missed dose as soon as you remember." Buspirone should be taken on a regular scheduled basis to be therapeutic. If a client misses a dose, then they should take one as soon as they remember, as long as it is not close to time for the next scheduled dose.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for buspirone. which of the following instructions should should the nurse include? Take the drug with grapefruit juice to increase absorption. Use the drug as needed for anxiety. Allow 2 to 4 weeks for full therapeutic effects. Take the drug on an empty stomach.

Allow 2 to 4 weeks for full therapeutic effects. It can take up to 4 weeks for a client to feel the drug's full therapeutic effects.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client about instilling pilocarpine for managing open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Apply gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct for 1 min after instilling the drops. Do not touch the tip of the dropper. Wash hands after instilling the drops. Rub eyes gently after instilling the drops. Remove contact lenses prior to instilling the drops.

Apply gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct for 1 min after instilling the drops is correct. Applying gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct for 1 to 2 min after instillation helps keep the drug from entering the systemic circulation.Do not touch the tip of the dropper is correct. The tip of the dropper should remain sterile. It is important that clients avoid touching the dropper's tip or touching it to the eye area.Wash hands after instilling the drops is incorrect. Clients should wash their hands before instilling eye drops. It is not necessary after instillation unless they have spilled any of the drops on their hands.Rub eyes gently after instilling the drops is incorrect. Clients should avoid rubbing or touching their eyes because doing so can cause eye damage.Remove contact lenses prior to instilling the drops is correct. Clients should remove contact lenses before instilling eye drops because they can cause further irritation if left in place.

a nurse should identify that timolol is contraindicated for a client who has which of the following disorders? Asthma Seizure disorder Diabetes mellitus Rheumatoid arthritis

Asthma Timolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, can cause bronchospasm and difficulty breathing. Clients who have asthma or any disorder that compromises respiratory function should not use the drug.

a nurse is caring for a client who has a schizoaffective disorder and who has been prescribed chlorpromazine. which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor during and immediately after IV admin of the drug? Cardiac output Blood pressure Urine specific gravity Oxygen saturation

Blood pressure Clients who receive chlorpromazine are at risk for hypotension during and immediately after IV administration. They should remain supine for 30 min while the nurse monitors their blood pressure. It is essential to infuse the chlorpromazine solution slowly and not to mix it with other drugs.

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for betaxolol eye drops. which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching? Constricted pupils Discoloration of the iris Hypertension Bradycardia

Bradycardia Betaxolol and timolol can cause bradycardia because of the blockade of cardiac beta1 receptors. Clients should check their pulse rate regularly and report any sustained decreases.

a nurse is reviewing the drug history of a client who is taking lithium carbonate for bipolar disorder. which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse to monitor for lithium toxicity? Furosemide for hypertension Acetaminophen for headaches Ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection Montelukast for asthma

Furosemide for hypertension Furosemide, a high-ceiling loop diuretic, increases sodium loss and can cause lithium reabsorption. The nurse should evaluate the client for lithium toxicity.

a nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for fluoxetine and who reports self-administering st. john's wort daily for the past 2 weeks. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as an indication of serotonin syndrome? Hallucinations Decreased temperature Hypersexual behavior Constipation

Hallucinations Hallucinations are an expected finding of serotonin syndrome. SSRIs are contraindicated with St. John's wort because the combination can increase the risk of developing serotonin syndrome.

a nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a prescription for phenelzine. the nurse should instruct the client to avoid tramine-enriched foods because of an increased risk for which of the following adverse reactions? Respiratory depression Hypertensive crisis Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Serotonin syndrome

Hypertensive crisis Tyramine-enriched foods, such as aged cheese and processed meat, can trigger severe hypertension in clients who are taking phenelzine. Manifestations include hypertension, headache, and nausea.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client about the adverse effects of drug therapy. the nurse should include that orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse reaction of which of the following drugs? Venlafaxine Bupropion Imipramine Valproic acid

Imipramine Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, can result in orthostatic (postural) hypotension. Clients who take this drug should change positions slowly from sitting or lying to standing.

when reviewing the indications for various antidepressants, a nurse should identify that buproprion hydrochloride is an appropriate choice for clients who have which of the follow? Motion sickness Seasonal affective disorder Insomnia Nicotine addiction Depression

Motion sickness is incorrect. Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, can cause nausea, vomiting, and constipation. It does not prevent or treat motion sickness. Seasonal affective disorder is correct. Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, helps prevent and treat seasonal affective disorder, a type of depression associated with the reduction of natural light during winter months. Insomnia is incorrect. Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, can cause insomnia and agitation. It does not prevent or treat insomnia. Nicotine addiction is correct. Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, is an appropriate adjunct for clients who are trying to quit smoking. Depression is correct. Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, can help treat depression.

a nurse is caring for a client who is taking venlafaxine to treat major depressive disorder. the nurse should identify that which of the following drugs can cause serotonin syndrome when taken concurrently with venlafaxine? Alprazolam Phenytoin ​Phenelzine Pilocarpine

Phenelzine Clients should not take venlafaxine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, within 14 days of taking phenelzine, other MAOIs, or serotonergic drugs. Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening complication characterized by anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, and fever.

a nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has a new prescription for a reduced doasge of alprazolam for anxiety. which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the reason for the prescription modification? Renal function impairment Cataracts Recent weight loss Smoking

Renal function impairment Alprazolam dosage should be decreased for clients who have renal or hepatic impairment.

a nurse is caring for a client who has been taking alprazolam for an extended period of time to treat anxiety. the nurse should identify that abruptly stopping alprazolam therapy can result in which of the following adverse effects? Anterograde amnesia Respiratory depression Paradoxical reaction Withdrawal symptoms

Withdrawal symptoms Physical dependence can develop with extended use of alprazolam, a benzodiazepine. To prevent withdrawal symptoms, clients should taper the dose slowly over several weeks.

a nurse is caring for a client who recently began taking chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia and who was admitted to the emergency room with spasms of their face and back. which of the following adverse reactions should the nurse suspect? Cholinergic crisis Serotonin syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome Acute dystonia

Acute dystonia Acute dystonia can develop during the first few days of treatment with chlorpromazine. Manifestations include muscle spasms of the back, neck, face, and tongue. Treatment includes immediate administration of an anticholinergic drug, such as diphenhydramine.

a nurse is assessing a client who has been taking alprazolam for several days. which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse drug reaction caused by alprazolam? Anxiety Ringing in the ears Increased appetite Muscle spasms

Anxiety The client can experience a paradoxical effect when taking benzodiazepines or buspirone, indicated by increased anxiety rather than relief of anxiety. The nurse should report this to the provider, who might consider a different medication.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for lithium carbonate about reducing the risk for lithium toxicity. which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Consume a low-sodium diet. Reduce fluid intake. Avoid taking NSAIDs. Take the drug with food.

Avoid taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs increase renal reabsorption of lithium and sodium. Clients who take lithium should not take NSAIDs.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who is about to begin amitriptyline therapy to treat major depressive disorder. which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Change positions slowly from sitting or lying to standing. Do not stop taking the drug abruptly. Wear sunscreen and protective clothing. Take the drug at bedtime to prevent daytime drowsiness. Increase fiber and fluid intake.

Change positions slowly from sitting or lying to standing is correct. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, can cause orthostatic hypotension. Clients should move slowly from sitting or lying to standing.Do not stop taking the drug abruptly is correct. Relapse and withdrawal symptoms can occur with abrupt discontinuation of amitriptyline. When discontinuing the drug, it is important to reduce the dosage over a 2-week period to prevent or minimize withdrawal symptoms.Wear sunscreen and protective clothing is incorrect. Although it is important for all clients to protect their skin from sun exposure no matter what drugs they take, amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is unlikely to cause photosensitivity. Antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, do cause photosensitivity and warrant such precautions.Take the drug at bedtime to prevent daytime drowsiness is correct. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, can cause drowsiness. Clients should take the drug at bedtime and avoid activities that require alertness until they know how the drug will affect them.Increase fiber and fluid intake is correct. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, causes anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. Clients should increase fiber and fluid intake during drug therapy and urinate before taking the drug.

a nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin taking lithium carbonate to treat bipolar disorder. the nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following findings as indications of lithium toxicity? Tremors Confusion Bronchospasm Nausea Muscle weakness

Tremors is correct. A fine hand tremor is an early indication of lithium toxicity. A coarse tremor indicates advanced toxicity that can lead to seizure activity.Confusion is correct. Confusion, slurred speech, and ataxia are indications of lithium toxicity that develop because of the drug's narrow therapeutic range. Bronchospasm is incorrect. Lithium toxicity is unlikely to cause bronchospasm because it does not usually affect the respiratory system.Nausea is correct. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are early indications of lithium toxicity that develop because of the drug's narrow therapeutic range. Clients should report any of these adverse effects.Muscle weakness is correct. Muscle weakness is an early indication of lithium toxicity that develops because of the drug's narrow therapeutic range. The nurse should monitor lithium levels periodically.

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has prescription for chlorpromazine. which of the followinginstructions should the nurse include? Stop taking the drug immediately with the first sign of a sore throat. Wear sunscreen when exposed to sunlight. Take the drug with food to reduce gastrointestinal distress. Take the drug in the morning to prevent nocturia.

Wear sunscreen when exposed to sunlight. Chlorpromazine, a conventional antipsychotic, can cause photosensitivity, or increased susceptibility to sunburn, when exposed to sunlight. Clients should limit their exposure to sunlight and wear sunscreen and protective clothing while outdoors.

A nurse is providing teaching to client who has a new prescription for fluoxetine. which of the following instructions should the nurse include? "Weigh yourself twice a month." "If you have persistent headaches, let the provider know." "Reduce your daily sodium intake." "If your symptoms don't improve in 10 days, you will need a higher dosage."

"If you have persistent headaches, let the provider know." The client should report persistent headache, anxiety, or insomnia to the provider as an adverse drug reaction.

a nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for alprazolam. which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? Tolerance Anxiety Sedation Respiratory depression Constipation

Tolerance is correct. Tolerance and dependence can develop with benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam. Clients should use these drugs only as needed and for short periods of time. Anxiety is correct. Paradoxical reactions, such as anxiety and insomnia, can develop when taking alprazolam, especially in older adults. Clients should report these findings.Sedation is correct. CNS depression, manifested as sedation and drowsiness, is an adverse effect of benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam. Clients should take a benzodiazepine 30 min prior to bedtime.Respiratory depression is correct. Benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, can cause CNS depression when taken with other CNS depressants, especially for older adult clients. It is important to monitor for respiratory depression and recommend the lowest effective dose. Clients should avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking a benzodiazepine.Constipation is incorrect. Benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, are unlikely to cause constipation. However, they can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

a nurse is caring for a client who is taking lithium carbonate to treat bipolar disorder. which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse recommend that the client undergo periodically? Chest x-ray Tonometry ​Thyroid function tests Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

​Thyroid function tests ​Hypothyroidism is an adverse effect of lithium carbonate. Clients should report neck enlargement, weight gain, lethargy, and constipation. They should also have their thyroid function checked before they begin taking lithium and annually thereafter.