Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Academic or educational problem

This Z-code is used when a scholastic problem (other than a learning disorder) is the focus of treatment.

Other specified (or unspecified) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Use these categories for symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, or inattention that do not meet full criteria for ADHD.

Unspecified Intellectual Disability

Use this category when a child 5 years old or older cannot be reliably assessed, perhaps due to physical or mental impairment.

Global Developmental Delay (GDD)

Use when a child under the age of 5 seems to be falling behind developmentally but you cannot reliably assess the degree.

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Duration

Usually first identified by age 4-5

Autism and Intellectual Disabilities

Intellectual disability Borderline intellectual functioning Autism spectrum disorder Global developmental delay Unspecified intellectual disability

Tourette's disorder duration & demographics

1+ years; beginning before age 18, though typically by age 4-6

ADHD Duration & demographics

6+ months; onset before age 12

Conduct Disorder (CD)

A child persistently violates rules or the rights of others.

language disorder

A child's delay in using spoken and written language is characterized by small vocabulary, grammatically incorrect sentences, and/or trouble understanding words or sentences.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

A disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average; Previously called mental retardation. condition usually begins in infancy

Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder.

A patient has either motor or vocal tics, but not both.

Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Other specified (or unspecified) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder. Conduct disorder

Which of the following is a differential diagnosis for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Autism Spectrum Disorder Intermittent Explosive Disorder Bipolar Disorder All of the Above

All of the Above

Encopresis

At age 4 years or later, the patient repeatedly passes feces into clothing or onto the floor.

Enuresis

At age 5 years or later, there is repeated voiding of urine (it can be voluntary or involuntary) into bedding or clothing.

What other disorder has impulsive and hyperactive behavior but does not meet criteria for conduct disorder based on just these behaviors?

Attention- deficit/ hyperactive disorder

The essential feature of this disorder is persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Deficits in language, speech, and communication are included under what type of disorders?

Communication Disorders

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Despite adequate vocabulary and the ability to create sentences, these patients have trouble with the practical use of language; their conversational interactions tend to be inappropriate

Which disorder lists Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder are differential diagnoses?

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Tic & Motor Disorders

Developmental Coordination Disorder Stereotypic Movement Disorder Tourette's Disorder Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder. Provisional tic disorder Other or unspecified tic disorder.

Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type.

During the first part of the night, these patients cry out in apparent fear. Often they don't really wake up at all. This behavior is considered pathological only in adults, not children.

Oppositional defiant disorder

Enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms. Persist for at least 6 months

Borderline Intellectual Functioning

IQ 71-84 without the coping problems associated with intellectual disability

Although, both conduct disorders and intermittent explosive disorder involves high rates of aggression the aggressive behaviors of an individual with intermittent explosive disorder is____?

Impulsive

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

In this common condition, patients are hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive, and often all three.

Communication and Learning Disorders

Language disorder Social (pragmatic) communication disorder Speech sound disorder Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) Selective mutism Specific learning disorder Academic or education problem Unspecified communications disorder

Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder Duration

Longer than a year

Myoclonus is differential diagnosis associated with ...

Motor Disorders

Provisional Tic Disorder Criteria

Motor or vocal tics, or both, in any quantity

Tourette's disorder

Multiple vocal and motor tics occur frequently throughout the day in these patients.

Which of the following lists Selected Mutism as differential diagnosis? - Speech Sound Disorder - Social Communication Disorder - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - None of the above

None of the above

Stereotypic movement disorder differential diagnosis

OCD, autism spectrum disorder, trichotillomania, tic disorders, excoriation disorder, intellectual disability, substance use disorders, and physical disorders

Tourette's disorder Differential Diagnosis

OCD, other tic disorders, substance use disorders, and physical disorders

Other Disorders or Conditions That Begin in the Developmental Period

Parent-child relational problem. Sibling relational problem. Problems related to abuse or neglect. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Separation anxiety disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children. Gender dysphoria in children. Factitious disorder imposed on another. Other specified (or unspecified) neurodevelopmental disorder.

Stereotypic movement disorder.

Patients repeatedly rock, bang their heads, bite themselves, or pick at their own skin or body orifices.

Speech Sound Disorder Differential Diagnosis

Physical disorders such as cleft palate or neurological disorders; sensory impairment such as hearing impairment; selective mutism

Disorders of Eating, Sleeping, and Elimination

Pica. Rumination disorder. Encopresis. Enuresis. Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type.

Which of the following lists Dysarthria as a Differential Diagnosis?

Speech Sound Disorder

Patterns of fixed repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior and onset in the early developmental period are associated with

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Pica

The patient eats material that is not food.

Developmental coordination disorder.

The patient is slow to develop motor coordination; some also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disorders.

What are the diagnostic criteria for intermittent explosive disorder?

The recurrent aggressive outbursts are not premeditated

Rumination disorder

There is persistent regurgitation and chewing of food already eaten.

Which Neurodevelopmental Disorder has a differential diagnosis of Myoclonus?

Tic Disorder

Provisional tic disorder duration & demographics

Tics occur for no longer than 1 year. Must begin by age 18

Unspecified Communication Disorder

Use for communication problems where you haven't enough information to make a specific diagnosis

Other or unspecified tic disorder.

Use one of these categories for tics that do not meet the criteria for any of the preceding.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

a disorder that appears in early childhood; marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Specific Learning Disorder

a marked deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, or by an unusually stressful home environment

Intellectual Disability Differential Diagnosis

autism spectrum disorder, cognitive disorders, borderline intellectual functioning, specific learning disorders

Speech Sound Disorder

difficulty producing or using sounds at an age-appropriate level

ADHD differential diagnosis

intellectual disability, anxiety and mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, specific learning disorders, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, psychotic disorders, or other mental or personality disorders

Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder

normal fluency of speech is frequently disrupted (stuttering)

Autism Spectrum Differential Diagnosis

ordinary children may have strong preferences and enjoy repetition; consider also intellectual disability, stereotypic movement disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], social anxiety disorder, language disorder

Developmental coordination disorder Differential Diagnosis

physical conditions such as cerebral palsy; intellectual disability; autism spectrum disorder; ADHD

Specific Learning Disorder Differential Diagnosis

physical disorders such as vision, hearing, or motor performance; intellectual disability; ADHD

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Differential Diagnosis

physical or neurological conditions, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, social anxiety disorder, ADHD

Selective Mutism (SM)

rare childhood disorder characterized by a lack of speech in one or more settings in which speaking is socially expected DSM-5 lists this as an anxiety disorder.

language disorder differential diagnosis

sensory impairment, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disorder—though each of these may coexist with LD

Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder Differential Diagnosis

speech motor deficits; neurological conditions such as stroke; other mental disorders