Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Academic or educational problem
This Z-code is used when a scholastic problem (other than a learning disorder) is the focus of treatment.
Other specified (or unspecified) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Use these categories for symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, or inattention that do not meet full criteria for ADHD.
Unspecified Intellectual Disability
Use this category when a child 5 years old or older cannot be reliably assessed, perhaps due to physical or mental impairment.
Global Developmental Delay (GDD)
Use when a child under the age of 5 seems to be falling behind developmentally but you cannot reliably assess the degree.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Duration
Usually first identified by age 4-5
Autism and Intellectual Disabilities
Intellectual disability Borderline intellectual functioning Autism spectrum disorder Global developmental delay Unspecified intellectual disability
Tourette's disorder duration & demographics
1+ years; beginning before age 18, though typically by age 4-6
ADHD Duration & demographics
6+ months; onset before age 12
Conduct Disorder (CD)
A child persistently violates rules or the rights of others.
language disorder
A child's delay in using spoken and written language is characterized by small vocabulary, grammatically incorrect sentences, and/or trouble understanding words or sentences.
Intellectual Disability (ID)
A disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average; Previously called mental retardation. condition usually begins in infancy
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder.
A patient has either motor or vocal tics, but not both.
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Other specified (or unspecified) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder. Conduct disorder
Which of the following is a differential diagnosis for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Autism Spectrum Disorder Intermittent Explosive Disorder Bipolar Disorder All of the Above
All of the Above
Encopresis
At age 4 years or later, the patient repeatedly passes feces into clothing or onto the floor.
Enuresis
At age 5 years or later, there is repeated voiding of urine (it can be voluntary or involuntary) into bedding or clothing.
What other disorder has impulsive and hyperactive behavior but does not meet criteria for conduct disorder based on just these behaviors?
Attention- deficit/ hyperactive disorder
The essential feature of this disorder is persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Deficits in language, speech, and communication are included under what type of disorders?
Communication Disorders
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Despite adequate vocabulary and the ability to create sentences, these patients have trouble with the practical use of language; their conversational interactions tend to be inappropriate
Which disorder lists Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder are differential diagnoses?
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Tic & Motor Disorders
Developmental Coordination Disorder Stereotypic Movement Disorder Tourette's Disorder Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder. Provisional tic disorder Other or unspecified tic disorder.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type.
During the first part of the night, these patients cry out in apparent fear. Often they don't really wake up at all. This behavior is considered pathological only in adults, not children.
Oppositional defiant disorder
Enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms. Persist for at least 6 months
Borderline Intellectual Functioning
IQ 71-84 without the coping problems associated with intellectual disability
Although, both conduct disorders and intermittent explosive disorder involves high rates of aggression the aggressive behaviors of an individual with intermittent explosive disorder is____?
Impulsive
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
In this common condition, patients are hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive, and often all three.
Communication and Learning Disorders
Language disorder Social (pragmatic) communication disorder Speech sound disorder Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) Selective mutism Specific learning disorder Academic or education problem Unspecified communications disorder
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder Duration
Longer than a year
Myoclonus is differential diagnosis associated with ...
Motor Disorders
Provisional Tic Disorder Criteria
Motor or vocal tics, or both, in any quantity
Tourette's disorder
Multiple vocal and motor tics occur frequently throughout the day in these patients.
Which of the following lists Selected Mutism as differential diagnosis? - Speech Sound Disorder - Social Communication Disorder - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - None of the above
None of the above
Stereotypic movement disorder differential diagnosis
OCD, autism spectrum disorder, trichotillomania, tic disorders, excoriation disorder, intellectual disability, substance use disorders, and physical disorders
Tourette's disorder Differential Diagnosis
OCD, other tic disorders, substance use disorders, and physical disorders
Other Disorders or Conditions That Begin in the Developmental Period
Parent-child relational problem. Sibling relational problem. Problems related to abuse or neglect. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Separation anxiety disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children. Gender dysphoria in children. Factitious disorder imposed on another. Other specified (or unspecified) neurodevelopmental disorder.
Stereotypic movement disorder.
Patients repeatedly rock, bang their heads, bite themselves, or pick at their own skin or body orifices.
Speech Sound Disorder Differential Diagnosis
Physical disorders such as cleft palate or neurological disorders; sensory impairment such as hearing impairment; selective mutism
Disorders of Eating, Sleeping, and Elimination
Pica. Rumination disorder. Encopresis. Enuresis. Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type.
Which of the following lists Dysarthria as a Differential Diagnosis?
Speech Sound Disorder
Patterns of fixed repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior and onset in the early developmental period are associated with
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Pica
The patient eats material that is not food.
Developmental coordination disorder.
The patient is slow to develop motor coordination; some also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disorders.
What are the diagnostic criteria for intermittent explosive disorder?
The recurrent aggressive outbursts are not premeditated
Rumination disorder
There is persistent regurgitation and chewing of food already eaten.
Which Neurodevelopmental Disorder has a differential diagnosis of Myoclonus?
Tic Disorder
Provisional tic disorder duration & demographics
Tics occur for no longer than 1 year. Must begin by age 18
Unspecified Communication Disorder
Use for communication problems where you haven't enough information to make a specific diagnosis
Other or unspecified tic disorder.
Use one of these categories for tics that do not meet the criteria for any of the preceding.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
a disorder that appears in early childhood; marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
Specific Learning Disorder
a marked deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, or by an unusually stressful home environment
Intellectual Disability Differential Diagnosis
autism spectrum disorder, cognitive disorders, borderline intellectual functioning, specific learning disorders
Speech Sound Disorder
difficulty producing or using sounds at an age-appropriate level
ADHD differential diagnosis
intellectual disability, anxiety and mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, specific learning disorders, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, psychotic disorders, or other mental or personality disorders
Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder
normal fluency of speech is frequently disrupted (stuttering)
Autism Spectrum Differential Diagnosis
ordinary children may have strong preferences and enjoy repetition; consider also intellectual disability, stereotypic movement disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], social anxiety disorder, language disorder
Developmental coordination disorder Differential Diagnosis
physical conditions such as cerebral palsy; intellectual disability; autism spectrum disorder; ADHD
Specific Learning Disorder Differential Diagnosis
physical disorders such as vision, hearing, or motor performance; intellectual disability; ADHD
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Differential Diagnosis
physical or neurological conditions, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, social anxiety disorder, ADHD
Selective Mutism (SM)
rare childhood disorder characterized by a lack of speech in one or more settings in which speaking is socially expected DSM-5 lists this as an anxiety disorder.
language disorder differential diagnosis
sensory impairment, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disorder—though each of these may coexist with LD
Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder Differential Diagnosis
speech motor deficits; neurological conditions such as stroke; other mental disorders