neurological, sensory, endrocrine hesi review
What are the primary causes of adrenal insufficiency?
hemorrhage, tuberculosis, AIDS
What are the most common hormones produced in excess with hyperpituitarism?
prolactin, growth hormone
What is the most probable cause for Conn's syndrome in an adult client?
Adrenal adenoma
Which hormone does the nurse state binds to the receptor site on the surface of a target cell?
Adrenaline
Which hormonal deficiency reduces the growth of axillae and pubic hair in female clients?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
A nurse observes dorsiflexion of the big toe and fanning of other toes when the lateral side of a client's foot is stroked with an applicator stick during a neurologic examination. What should the nurse document in the client's medical record?
"Exhibits a positive Babinski sign" (expected in infants but suggests upper motor neuron disease of the pyramidal tract in adults)
The nurse is caring for the client posttranssphenoidal hypophysectomy. When assessing the client, the nurse observes clear drainage from the nares. What could be the cause of this drainage?
A cerebral spinal fluid leak from an opening to the brain.
Which exogenous conditions are responsible for increased cortisol secretion?
Asthma, cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation. When adrenocorticotropic hormone or glucocorticoids are administered for the treatment of these conditions, it promotes cortisol secretion in the client, thus causing Cushing's syndrome.
Which condition results in visual distortion?
Astigmatism--caused by unevenness in the cornea.
What are the neurologic manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Blurred vision, exophthalmos
Which part of the client's brain primarily regulates muscle functioning and coordinates movement?
Cerebellum
Which structure lies inside and parallel to the sclera?
Choroid--the highly vascular structure that nourishes the ciliary body, the iris and the outermost portion of the retina
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Control and facilitation of learned and automatic movements
Which drug would be effective for the treatment of pituitary Cushing's syndrome?
Cyproheptadine
A client reports their lips feel thicker, as well as joint pain and coarse facial features. What should the nurse suspect as the cause of the anterior pituitary hyperfunction?
Excessive secretion of growth hormone
What will the nurse expect diagnostic studies of a client with Cushing syndrome to indicate?
High levels of 17-ketosteroids in a 24-hour urine test
A nurse is caring for a client with Addison's disease. Upon assessment, which classic sign will the nurse find?
Hyperpigmentation
A nurse is caring for a client with endocrine problems. Which lab finding will alert the nurse that aldosterone will be released?
Hyponatremia--Hyponatremia stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
Which clinical manifestation occurs in a client with vasopressin deficiency?
Hypotension
What is the function of limbic system?
Influence emotional behavior and basic drives such as feeding and sexual behaviors.
The magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a client who sustained brain trauma reveals injury to the occipital lobe. Which disability might be anticipated in the client?
Loss of visual capability
Which hormones does the nurse state are released by the hypothalamus?
Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone (MIH), Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Which condition results in elevated serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and urine cortisol levels?
Pituitary Cushing's syndrome
Which cells does the nurse identify as producing thyrocalcitonin hormone?
Pituitary cells
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulation of endocrine and autonomic functions
What is the function of the thalamus?
Relays sensory and motor input to and from the cerebrum
Which condition is characterized by hemorrhage after a pregnant female delivers?
Sheehan's syndrome--A pituitary infarction is caused by postpartum hemorrhaging
A client who has had a subtotal thyroidectomy does not understand how hypothyroidism can develop when the problem was initially hyperthyroidism. On what fact should the nurse base her response?
There may not be enough thyroid tissue to supply adequate thyroid hormone.
A client with hyperthyroidism asks the nurse about the tests that will be prescribed. Which diagnostic tests should the nurse include in a discussion with this client?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assay and triiodothyronine (T 3). A decreased TSH assay together with an elevated T 3 level may indicate hyperthyroidism.
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is taught to exercise on a regular basis. What is the primary reason for instruction on exercise?
To decrease insulin sensitivity
What is the middle layer of the eyeball?
Uveal Tract (consists of iris, choroid and ciliary body)
Which side effect should the nurse monitor for when administering androgen therapy?
baldness
