Neurons, Neurotransmitters, Endocrine and Nervous Systems

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Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

An all-or-none response

Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction?

Digestion

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

E A decrease in heart rate

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

Endocrine

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?

Endocrine system

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

It was initiated in the motor cortex.

The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situations?

Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from fire.

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

Melatonin

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?

Serotonin

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

Testosterone

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

The soma

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

The sympathetic nervous system

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

a dendrite

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

adrenal glands

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

afferent neurons

A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in

autonomic arousal

Parkinson's disease is most closely associated with

decreases in levels of dopamine

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

digesting food

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as

endorphins

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

hypothalamus

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise

increases her level of endorphins

The function of dendrites is to

receive information from other neurons

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

somatic

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

the myelin sheath


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