Neurons, Neurotransmitters, Endocrine and Nervous Systems
Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?
An all-or-none response
Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction?
Digestion
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
Dopamine
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
E A decrease in heart rate
Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?
Endocrine
Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?
Endocrine system
Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?
It was initiated in the motor cortex.
The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situations?
Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from fire.
Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?
Melatonin
Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the absolute refractory phase
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?
Serotonin
What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?
Testosterone
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?
The soma
Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?
The sympathetic nervous system
The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called
a dendrite
The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the
adrenal glands
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by
afferent neurons
A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in
autonomic arousal
Parkinson's disease is most closely associated with
decreases in levels of dopamine
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
digesting food
Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as
endorphins
The pituitary gland is controlled by the
hypothalamus
The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to
increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon
Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise
increases her level of endorphins
The function of dendrites is to
receive information from other neurons
The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called
reuptake
The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the
somatic
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
sympathetic nervous system
During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is
the myelin sheath
