NFS 1110 Chapter 4 Questions

The daily value for dietary fiber is 25 grams in a 2000 kilocalorie diet. A slice of whole-wheat bread is 8% of the daily value. The slice of whole-wheat bread contains how much fiber? a. 2 grams b. 4 grams c. 8 grams d. 16 grams

a. 2 grams

________ can be a concern for individuals with phenylketonuria. a. Aspartame b. Saccharin c. Acesulfame K d. Neotame

a. Aspartame

Diabetes is best characterized by a. abnormally high blood glucose levels. b. elevated blood lipids. c. the presence of ketones in blood. d. blood glucose levels below the normal range.

a. abnormally high blood glucose levels

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes: a. antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake. b. increasing fluid intake and antacids. c. insulin injections. d. exercise and weight loss.

a. antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is: a. dental caries b. Type 1 diabetes c. diveticular disease d. constipation

a. dental caries

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing: a. diverticular disease. b. anemia. c. Type 1 diabetes. d. lactose intolerance.

a. diverticular disease.

The most important determinant for developing lactose intolerance is: a. ethnic background b. gender c. geographic location where a person lives d. whether one is lean or obese

a. ethnic background

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide? a. fructose, sucrose, starch b. lactose, glucose, dietary fiber c. glucose, maltose, lactose d. galactose, glycogen, starch

a. fructose, sucrose, starch

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase ______ stores. a. glycogen b. amylose c. sucrose d. lactase

a. glycogen

The structure of glycogen consists of: a. highly branched chains. b. straight chains. c. short chains linked together. d. two monosaccharide units.

a. highly branched chains.

Dietary fiber is categorized by: a. its solubility in water b. its molecular weight c. the ratio of carbon to hydrogen molecules d. the number of branch points

a. its solubility in water

Which of the following foods will cause the fastest glycemic response? a. plain white bread b. white bread with butter c. white bread with peanut butter d. whole grain bread

a. plain white bread

Type 2 diabetes: a. risk is increased when the diet is high in refined carbohydrates b. risk is increased in athletes c. can occur when insulin is over secreted d. accounts for only 5 to 10 % of diagnosed cases of diabetes

a. risk is increased when the diet is high in refined carbohydrates

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that: a. splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. b. generates glucose from glucogenic amino acids. c. synthesizes glycogen. d. creates glucose molecules from glycogen.

a. splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases ______kcal/g of energy. a. 9 b. 4 c. 7 d. 2

b. 4

Carbohydrates promote dental caries by which of the following mechanisms? a. Sugar promotes the growth of bacteria that breakdown enamel. b. Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel. c. Carbohydrates stick to teeth, preventing the removal of plaque. d. All of these choices are correct.

b. Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel.

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells? a. Glucagon b. Insulin c. Prolactin d. Ghrelin

b. Insulin

What is the role of insulin? a. It elevates blood glucose. b. It allows glucose to be taken into the cells of the body. c. It stimulates the breakdown of protein and fat in the body. d. It promotes the synthesis of new glucose.

b. It allows glucose to be taken into the cells of the body.

Which statement is true about soluble fiber? a. Human enzymes digest soluble fiber more easily than insoluble fiber. b. Soluble fiber can be found in oats and apples. c. Soluble fiber is derived from structural parts of plants such as cell walls. d. Examples of soluble fiber include cellulose and hemicellulose.

b. Soluble fiber can be found in oats and apples.

Which one of the following statements is true regarding sugar substitutes? a. They are not safe for anyone to use. b. They help manage blood glucose levels for diabetics. c. They are beneficial in long term weight management. d. They increase the incidence of dental caries.

b. They help manage blood glucose levels for diabetics.

Dental caries, a well-documented heath problem associated with excess sugar intake, : a. may be associated with a low carbohydrate diet. b. are caused most often by sucrose in the diet. c. are more likely to be caused by chocolate than by hard candy. d. are more likely with an increase in dietary fiber.

b. are caused most often by sucrose in the diet.

Of the following foods, ______________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch. a. apples b. chilled, cooked potatoes c. whole grain bread d. oatmeal

b. chilled, cooked potatoes

One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is: a. an increase in blood cholesterol. b. decreased absorption of nutrients, like calcium and iron. c. increased incidence of colon cancer. d. increased incidence of diverticulosis.

b. decreased absorption of nutrients, like calcium and iron.

The ___________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food. a. glycemic response b. glycemic index c. glucongenic index d. digestibility and solubility index

b. glycemic index

The ______________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food. a. glycemic response b. glycemic index c. gluconeogenic index d. digestibility and solubility

b. glycemic index

Which of the following is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals? a. glucose b. glycogen c. starch d. oligosaccharides

b. glycogen

Indigestible carbohydrates provide positive health benefits in part by: a. slowing fecal movement. b. increasing the bulk of the colonic contents. c. decreasing the amount of water in the colon. d. All of these choices are true.

b. increasing the bulk of the colonic contents.

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by: a. pancreatic enzymes b. pancreatic hormones c. enzymes in the membrane of cells lining the small intestine d. hormones released by the GI tract

b. pancreatic hormones

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by: a. slowing the movement of food material in the gut. b. promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells. c. decreasing the fluidity of the intestinal contents. d. producing natural antibiotics that kill pathogenic bacteria

b. promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells

Aerobic metabolism occurs in: a. the cytoplasm of a cell. b. the mitochondria of a cell. c. the nucleus of a cell. d. None of these choices is correct

b. the mitochondria of a cell

Which of the following is the best source of dietary fiber? a. 2 scambled eggs b. 1 small doughnut c. 1 Fiber One bar d. 1 cup of broccoli

c. 1 Fiber One bar

A 2000 calorie diet in which carbohydrate provides 50% of the calories would provide how many grams of carbohydrate? a. 140 b. 200 c. 250 d. 400

c. 250

The AMDR for carbohydrate intake for a healthy diet has been set at __ of the total energy required. a. 15-10% b. 30-45% c. 45-65% d. 65-80%

c. 45-65%

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding lactose intolerance? a. It is a condition in which there is too much of a digestive enzyme in the small intestine. b. Symptoms include elevated blood glucose, stomach upset, and diarrhea. c. Incidence of lactose intolerance depends on racial and ethnic backgrounds. d. People with lactose intolerance cannot consume any milk products.

c. Incidence of lactose intolerance depends on racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Which sugar substitute contains phenylalanine, yet is safe for those with phenylketonuria? a. Sprbitol b. Saccarine c. Neotame d. Aspartame

c. Neotame

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct? a. This type of disease occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin. b. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing this disease. c. The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. d. Type 1 is the most common type of diabetes.

c. The immune system destroys pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease? a. Gestational b. Type 2 c. Type 1 d. All of these choices are correct

c. Type 1

Which of the following statements is true about food made from whole grains? a. Whole grain foods have been processed to remove bran. b. Whole grain foods use only endosperm, since it is abundant in vitamin E. c. Whole grain foods contain bran, germ, and endosperm. d. Whole grain foods contain only the endosperm, which has most of the protein.

c. Whole grain foods contain bran, germ, and endosperm

Sucrose is composed of: a. many molecules of glucose linked together. b. two molecules of glucose. c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose. d. two molecules of fructose.

c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.

An oligosaccharide is a: a. disaccharide found in fruits and vegetables. b. storage form of plant starch. c. carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units. d. form of artificial sweetener.

c. carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units.

Which one of the following foods is the most refined? a. oatmeal b. fresh raspberries c. corn flakes d. baked potato

c. corn flakes

Lactose intolerance is caused by: a. excess production of the enzyme lactase. b. an allergic reaction to proteins found in milk and milk products. c. inadequate production of the enzyme lactase. d. the inability to produce the hormone insulin

c. inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the: a. stomach b. gallbladder c. pancreas d. all of theses choices are correct

c. pancreas

Most carbohydrates should come from: a. meats. b. refined grains. c. whole foods. d. nutrient deficient foods.

c. whole foods.

Carbohydrates provide 60% of the energy in Jimmy John's diet of 2700 kilocalories. This represents how many grams of carbohydrate? a. 100 b. 225 c. 300 d. 405

d. 405

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content? a. A person on a high protein weight loss diet b. A person who eats a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and fat c. A sedentary person d. A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

d. A trained athlete consuming 65 - 70% of calories as carbohydrate

Aspartame: a. is an artificial sweetener. b. consists of two amino acids linked together. c. is often found in soft drinks. d. All of these choices are correct.

d. All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following conditions is likely to increase ketone production? a. Untreated diabetes b. Starvation c. A very low carbohydrate diet d. All of these choices are correct.

d. All of these choices are correct.

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained? a. Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. b. Fiber decreases transit time. c. Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins. d. All of these statements are true.

d. All of these statements are true.

Which of the following is true of colon cancer? a. High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk. b. Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors. c. Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers. d. All of these statements are true.

d. All of these statements are true.

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates? a. Milk and dairy products b. Meat, fish, and poultry c. Fats and oils d. Cereals and grains

d. Cereals and grains

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant? a. Soy milk b. Tofu c. Fortified orange juice d. Ice cream

d. Ice cream

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE? a. Glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrate in humans and animals. b. Glycogen is composed of many glucose molecules. c. Glycogen is made and stored in liver and muscle. d. The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

d. The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

What characteristic is found among indigestible carbohydrates? a. They increase the absorption rate of glucose. b. They are broken down in the small intestine. c. They can decrease intestinal gas. d. They stimulate peristalsis.

d. They stimulate peristalsis.

Which of the following nutrients is NOT added to enriched grains? a. Thiamin b. Niacin c. Folate d. Vitamin E

d. Vitamin E

Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by a. binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract b. blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract c. inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel? a. husk and germ b. stalk c. germ and bran d. endosperm

d. endosperm

Fructose is found mostly in: a. dairy products b. grains and cereals c. meat d. fruits and vegetables

d. fruits and vegetables

Which of the following is a long-term complication of diabetes? a. cirrhosis of the liver b. lactose intolerance c. gastrointestinal upset d. heart disease

d. heart disease

Sugar alcohols are: a. derived from ethyl alcohol. b. a combination of amino acids. c. produced from oleic acid. d. structurally similar to dietary sugars.

d. structurally similar to dietary sugars.