Notes and Quiz & 7

Stimulus generalization

Stimuli other than the SD acquiring stimulus control over the behavior.

MO unpairing

Weakening the relationship between CMO-S and an effective MO.

You are scrolling through a news app and stopping to read an article that says flu season is here and that it will be particularly bad this year. After reading the article, you immediately head out to buy a pack of disposable masks and some hand sanitizer. Heading out to the store after reading the article exemplifies A. value-altering establishing effect. b. an evocative behavior-altering effect. c.a value-altering abolishing effect. d.An abative behavior-altering effect.

An evocative behavior-altering effect.

A young child living on a farm is learning about cows. When the child sees a black and white Holstein cow, the child says, "Cow." When the child sees a brown Jersey cow, the child does not say cow. When the child sees a Dalmatian dog, the child says, "Cow." This is an example of a. faulty stimulus control. b.conditional discrimination. c.arbitrary stimulus class. d.stimulus overgeneralization.

a. faulty stimulus control.

An individual with disabilities was being taught to pour milk into a cup. Could you tell me which of the following is a response prompt? a.The staff demonstrated pouring a small amount of milk into a cup and then setting the milk carton in front of the individual. b.The staff covered all the writing on the milk carton so that only the word "milk" was visible. Then, they asked the individual to remove the milk from the refrigerator. c.Prior to teaching, staff explained the steps and rationale involved in "pouring milk" to the individual. d.(all of the above

a.The staff demonstrated pouring a small amount of milk into a cup and then setting the milk carton in front of the individual.

A discriminative stimulus or SD is a stimulus in the presence of which a response will a.be reinforced. b.not be reinforced. c.be placed on extinction. d.elicit respondent behavior.

a.be reinforced.

An evocative effect refers to a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence. b. an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence. c.An increase in the future frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence. d.An increase in the current frequency of behavior enabled by the presentation of a repertoire-altering stimulus.

b. an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence

When the amount of clothes in your dirty clothes hamper reaches a specific height, you wash clothes the next day. Otherwise, if the amount of dirty clothes gets too high, you have to wash more than one load, which requires spending several hours over the weekend at the crowded laundromat. In relation to washing the clothes, the dirty clothes going above a specific height in the hamper is a a.UMO. b.CMO-R. c.CMO-T. d.CMO-S.

b.CMO-R.

Which must-have feature would need to be included in order for a fowl to be in the feature stimulus class of "duck"? a.wings b.webbed feet c.lays eggs d.beak

b.webbed feet

Matching-to-sample

Experimental procedure for early research on complex stimulus control.

Stimulus control

Behavior occurring more often in the presence of an SD than in its absence.

You are scrolling through a news app and stopping to read an article that says flu season is here and that it will be particularly bad this year. After reading the article, you immediately head out to buy a pack of disposable masks and some hand sanitizer. In relation to buying masks and hand sanitizer, the news article is SD. UMO. CMO. A neutral stimulus.

CMO

Function-altering effects

Consequences changing the organism's repertoire for future behavior.

The term motivating operation is roughly synonymous with (mark all that apply) a.abolishing operation. b. setting event. c.establishing operation. d.discriminative stimulus.

Correct! abolishing operation. Correct! setting event. Correct! establishing operation.

Abative effect

Decrease in behavior frequency reinforced by a stimulus, object, or event.

Abolishing operation

Decrease in reinforcing effectiveness, making the MO an abolishing operation.

Establishing operation

Environmental variable altering reinforcer effectiveness and behavior frequency.

Motivating operation

Inclusive term for variables strengthening or weakening reinforcer value.

Evocative effect

Increase in behavior frequency reinforced by a stimulus, object, or event.

Transitive CMO

Makes something else effective as reinforcement.

Stimulus discrimination training

Procedure with antecedent stimulus conditions representing each component schedule.

Stimulus discrimination

Response only in the presence of the SD and no responses in the S∆ condition.

Conditional discrimination

Response producing reinforcement depending on the presence or absence of other stimuli.

Arbitrary stimulus class

Stimuli evoking the same response without sharing a common stimulus feature.

Conditioned motivating operations have: a.Value-altering effects that are unlearned. b.Behavior-altering effects that are a function of a learning history. c.Behavior-altering effects that are unlearned. d.Value-altering effects that are a function of a learning history

Value-altering effects that are a function of a learning history

Which of the following is an example of stimulus shape transformation? a. Take a line drawing of a bed and slowly change it into the letters b-e-d to help a child learn to read the word bed. b.Using most-to-least prompting to teach a child to write the word "dog independently." c.Teaching name writing by tracing the letters in the name and gradually fading out the lines in the model. d.Teaching a child to read the word cat by pairing the word with a picture of a cat and gradually fading out the letters of the word.

a. Take a line drawing of a bed and slowly change it into the letters b-e-d to help a child learn to read the word bed.

You are driving in your car on a sunny, clear day when the sun starts to shine in your eyes. You immediately reach for your sunglasses and put them on. In relation to putting on the sunglasses, the sun shining in your eyes is a. UMO. b.CMO-R. c.CMO-T. d.CMO-S.

a. UMO.

Which of the following describes stimulus generalization? a.A response occurs more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus but rarely occurs in the absence of the stimulus. b. A response occurs in the presence of a specific stimulus and in the presence of stimuli similar to the specific stimulus. c.One response occurs in the presence of a specific stimulus, and a different response occurs in the presence of a different stimulus. d.One stimulus evokes a number of different but similar responses.

b. A response occurs in the presence of a specific stimulus and in the presence of stimuli similar to the specific stimulus.

Which group of stimuli exemplifies those making up an arbitrary stimulus class? a.Seeing a Red Delicious, Empire, Fuji, and Granny Smith all evoke the word "apple." b.pictures of a sweater, jersey, sweatshirt, and tank top evoke the word "shirt." c. photographs of bananas, watermelon, strawberries, and pineapple evoke the word "fruit." d. (all of the above)

c. photographs of bananas, watermelon, strawberries, and pineapple evoke the word "fruit."

Your dog sits at the front door, indicating he wants to go outside. You immediately begin looking for the dog's leash so you can take him for a walk. In relation to looking for the leash, your dog sitting at the front door is an a.UMO. b.CMO-R. c.CMO-T. d. CMO-S.

c.CMO-T.

Operant stimulus control is achieved when a response occurs a.in the presence of a specific stimulus and in the presence of stimuli similar to the specific stimulus. b.in the presence of a conditioned stimulus that has been paired with another antecedent stimulus. c.more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus but rarely occurs in the absence of that stimulus. d.more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus and often in the absence of that stimulus.

c.more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus but rarely occurs in the absence of that stimulus.

Stimulus salience a.can affect the development of stimulus control. b.refers to the prominence of the stimulus in the person's environment. c.can depend on the sensory capabilities of the learner. d. (all of the above).

d. (all of the above).

An abative effect refers to a.an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence. b.A decrease in the future frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence. c.A decrease in the future frequency of behavior is enabled by the presentation of a repertoire-altering stimulus. d. A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence.

d. A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence.

Which of the following is a stimulus prompt? a.Mary is trying to do laundry but still needs to remember the next step. Ashley says to Mary, "Remember, next, you need to put the soap in the washing machine." b.Mary puts the soap in the machine but does not begin putting the clothes in the washing machine. Ashley picks up an article of clothing and puts it in the washer, saying, "Do this next." c.After putting the clothes in the washer, Mary attempts to close the lid to the washer. Due to her limited vision, she keeps missing the lid when she reaches for it. Ashley physically guides her hand to the washer lid and puts her hand on the lid. d. After closing the lid, Mary turned the dial to the correct cycle by aligning two red arrows that had been painted on the washer and dial before the session. Mary successfully sets the dial to the correct setting without additional assistance.

d. After closing the lid, Mary turned the dial to the correct cycle by aligning two red arrows that had been painted on the washer and dial before the session. Mary successfully sets the dial to the correct setting without additional assistance.

You are scrolling through a news app and stop to read an article that says flu season is here and it will be particularly bad this year. After reading the article, you immediately head out to buy a pack of disposable masks and some hand sanitizer. The particularly bad flu season has an a. behavior-altering abative effect on having masks and hand sanitizer. b.behavior altering evocative effect on having masks and hand sanitizer. c.value altering abolishing effect on having masks and hand sanitizer. d. value altering establishing effect on having masks and hand sanitizer.

d. value altering establishing effect on having masks and hand sanitizer.