NSC 170 Chapter 5
Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with when you haven't eaten for a while
1. blood glucose levels drop 2. the pancreas releases glucagon 3. glycogen is broken down in the liver 4. blood glucose levels normalize
Rank the order of the blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal
1. eating a meal 2. elevated blood glucose 3. insulin released from the pancreas 4. blood glucose level returns to normal
polysaccharides contain a minimum of ____ monosaccharides
10
Approx how many times sweeter are nonnutritive sweeteners compared to sugar
200 to 300 times sweeter
What is the adequate intake level of dietary fiber
38 grams
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid
Aspartame
Symptoms of hypoglycemia include irritability, restlessness, shaking and sweating. true or false
TRUE
in response to hypoglycemia the body secretes the hormone
adrenaline
sweeteners added to food that provide few or no calories are called
alternative sweeteners
people with PKU should avoid what artificial sweetener
aspartame
Soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to ________ in the GI tract
bile components
Soluble fiber can
bind cholesterol, delay gastric emptying, and slow glucose absorption
Which conditions may result from long-term uncontrolled blood glucose
blindness, kidney failure, and amputations
traditional symptoms of diabetes
blurred vision, extreme thirst, and frequent urination
starchy foods include
breads
Starch is identified as
carb
Plants use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water to form
carbohydrates
Methods for monitoring diabetes are
daily blood glucose testing, and measuring HbA1c levels
in which category is galactose typically found
dairy
Insulin
decreases blood glucose
Risk of consuming sugars in a diet
dental caries
Suspected causes of hyperactivity
environmental factors and genetic factors
When people fast or eat a low carb diet they depend more on using _____ for energy
fat
ketone bodies result from the incomplete metabolism of
fat
when glycogen storage reaches maximum capacity, the liver will convert excess glucose into
fat
Dietary polysaccharide that is not digested and thus passes through the intestinal tract is
fiber
People who lost weight on a high carbohydrate diet are often consuming high amounts of
fiber
Difference between fiber and starch
fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can
Intestinal gas resulting from the consumption of dietary fiber is produced by
fiber metabolism by bacteria that live in the colon `
what is true about high fiber intake
fiber tends to be "filling" resulting in a low calorie intake
Lactose is composed of
galactose and glucose
Examples of monosaccharides
galactose, fructose, glucose
Diabetes is diagnosed when the body is unable to regulate blood levels of
glucose
Primary energy fuel for muscle and other cells is
glucose
The fetus of a mother with poorly controlled gestational diabetes will receive too much _______ from its mother
glucose
To meet their energy needs, a starving person will sacrifice their muscle tissue to produce the macronutrient
glucose
Sucrose is comprised of
glucose and fructose
Maltose is comprised of
glucose and glucose
Varying blood glucose response to different carbohydrate containing foods can be rated by the
glycemic index
the polysaccharide that breaks down in animal muscle soon after an animal dies is
glycogen
Which behavior is most likely to increase the risk of developing diabetes
having a sedentary lifestyle
Fructose is found naturally in
honey, fruit, and cabbage
to prevent metabolic syndrome one should
increase intake of fruits, vegetables and nuts
Glucagon
increases blood glucose
What type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements
insoluble fiber
In type 1 diabetes the pancreatic cells no longer produce
insulin
What events occur in the large intestine
intestinal gas is produced, soluble fiber is fermented by bacteria, and very little dietary carb is excreted
Diets high in fiber can lower the risk for developing which of the following diseases
intestinal tract disorders, heart disease, stroke
When consumed, dietary fiber
is undigested and excretes as feces
During low carbohydrate consumption the body will begin producing
ketone bodies
Examples of disaccharides
lactose, maltose, sucrose
Small intestinal enzymes that digest disaccharides include
maltase, sucrose, and lactase
Examples of sugar alcohols
mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol
natural sources of sucrose
maple syrup, and sugar beets
why can some lactose intolerant individuals consume hard cheese w/o experiencing any digestive tract problems
milk loses its lactose when processed to hard cheese
Eating excessive amounts of fiber may interfere with the intestinal absorption of certain
minerals
basic chemical unit of a carbohydrate is
monosaccharide
Molecules which can yield 4 kcalories per gram include
monosaccharides, disaccharides, table sugar
Salivary amylase initiates carb digestion in the
mouth
In humans glycogen is stored in
muscle and liver cells
What type of sweetner provides energy to the body
nutritive
what populations are more likely to have lactose intolerance
older adults, african, and asian
In a lactose intolerant person, dietary lactose is
passed into the colon and incompletely digested
Added sugar is sugar added to food during
processing and preperation
foods that satisfy hunger
protein and fiber
low glycemic index foods are
slowly absorbed and high in fiber
Type of fiber that can reduce blood cholesterol and glucose levels is what kind of fiber
soluble
Based on their carbohydrate content, seeds roots and tubers are considered what kind of food
starchy
Chemical name for table sugar is
sucrose
Types of carbohydrates include
sugars, fibers, and starches
polysaccharides can be used by a plant cell
to store energy and to make plant stems
By following a low GI/GL diet, you may be able to reduce your risk of
type 2 diabetes and heart disease
Eating too much digestible carbs contributes to
weight gain
Is milk a natural source of sucrose
yes
When added to your food, alternative sweeteners can contribute
zero calories and less calories than sugar