NSCI UNIT 1

If you are sitting in a dark room, at what time period do you think that your eyes will be fully adjusted to the room?

20-30 minutes

What type of cortical cell were Hubel and Weisel most likely recording from when they accidentally discovered the receptive feild by slipping a slide into the projector?

A complex cell

Which of the following measures of threshold is an appropriate example of the method of limits?

A participant is asked to record at what point they hear a sound. The sound begins very low, and volume is incrementally increased, and on the next trial incrementally decreased.

Aurelia is holding a 1lb hamster in one hand and 6lb bunny in the other. Brenda is holding a 20lb dog in one hand and a 25lb dog in another. According to Weber's Law, who would have an easier time feeling the difference?

Aurelia

You have been shown a Hermann grid and are confused how grey dots appear when you look at the side of the grid, but when you look at the dots directly they have disappeared. Give one explanation of why this illusion is formed

Because the area surrounding the grey dot has more brightly lit areas, you receive greater amount of lateral inhibition, and consequently see the area as darker.

What is true about higher convergence?

Ganglion cells can respond to dimmer lights

which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to be related to a problem with the lens? Presbyopia Glaucoma Cataracts Myopia

Glaucoma

Why does the fovea provide the clearest, most detailed visual information

It has a 1-1 convergence onto the ganglion cells

The LGN layers coding color for the right visual field would be ________.

Parvocellular layers in the Left LGN

A Rorschach test (when you ask someone what they see in a random ink blot test) would be best described as which type of method?

Phenomenological Report

Which of the following eye problems is likely to lead to tunnel vision? Glaucoma Retinitus Pigmentosa Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy A & B B & C

Retinitus Pigmentosa. Glaucoma

What is an explanation as to why we are able to see stars more clearly at night if we do not look at them directly?

Rods work better in dim light and are only found in the periphery.

The correct order in which LIGHT passes through the physical eye BEFORE being transduced is: cornea > iris/pupil > lens > ganglion cells > bipolar cells > rods/cones. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Which is another name for the Primary Visual Cortex

The Striate Cortex

The action potential relies on the cell to depolarize and transmit the impulse. What is the best description of the beginning for this process?

The drifting of Sodium ions causes the Na+ channels at the top of the axon to open an allow the positive ions to rush in and increase the positive charge inside the cell

Which of the following would be an expected problem if the retinol in the rhodopsin was not able to change shape and separate from the opsin?

The light energy would not be able to be transduced in the rods

Which is the best description of threshold as it relates to perception?

The smallest amount of a given stimulus that can be perceived

Where is the 1st location that the visual signal can be modified by top down processing?

The thalamus

Which of the below is TRUE of Dendrites? Contains the nucleus of the cell Send the signal to the next neuron There can be many for one neuron The electrical charge travels actively through them

There can be many for one neuron

What is not part of the process for neural firing?

There is an active current of K+ through the dendrites and cell body

Brightness is to Amplitude as Color is to

Wavelength

According to ______ Law the size of the standard increases, the difference threshold _________.

Weber's; increases

If you have been told you have Astigmatism, which best describes your symptoms?

Your vision as a whole becomes distorted and blurred espeically for particular orientations.

In which stage of the perceptual process does top-down processing play a role. Perception Processing Recognition A and C All of the above

all of the above

Transduction of light stimuli into electrical activity occurs in the retina. What is this process called?

bleaching

A drug that blocks the sodium gates of a neuron's membrane will ____.

block the action potential from occuring

Rods or Cones: has varying sensitivity for different wavelengths of light

both

Rods or cones: has varying threshold of activation for different wavelengths of light

both

Rods or cones: is found in the periphery

both

When viewing the ambiguous image from the Homework #1, which type of processing is involved in you seeing a seal? Top-down processing Bottom-up processing Both Neither

both

rods or cones: is responsible for the transduction step in vision

both

Rods or Cones: Can have a 1:1 ratio receptor: ganglion cell

cones

Rods or cones: becomes fully adapted to the dark after 5 minutes

cones

Rods or cones: can see in color

cones

Rods or cones: has good acuity

cones

Rods or cones: tapered at the top

cones

rods or cones: is found in the fovea

cones

Which of FECHNER'S orginal psychophysics method's has the least bias? The method of _______.

constant stimuli

Which of the following places the eye parts in correct order for which light travels into the eye?

cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

The _____ does most of the focusing of light as it enters the eye, and the _____ transforms the light into neural signals.

cornea; retina

In the dark adaptation procedure, as you spend more time in the dark, your threshold for light _________.

decrease

Horizontal Cells in the retina contribute to a process that helps us to see _____ better.

edges

The psychophysical method in which stimuli of varying intensities are presented in ascending and descending orders in discrete steps is called the method of _____

limits

A very dim, red light would tend to have a relatively _____ wavelength and a _____ amplitude; while a bright, blue light would tend to have a relatively _____ wavelength and a _____ amplitude.

long;small short;large

Susan complains of not being able to see things that are far away from her. Her optometrist told her that her eyeballs are longer than others. This would mean that Susan has _____

myopia

rods or cones: is found in the optic nerve

none

A neural signal is _____________ in a ___________ axon.

quicker; myelinated

Visual information that is presented to the ________ visual field is processed first by the left half of each retina and then by the ________ hemisphere of the brain

right ; left

Rods or Cones: is sensitive to low levels of light

rods

Rods or cones: Is more abundant in retina

rods

Rods or cones: is slower to adapt to the dark

rods

rods or cones: contains Rhodopsin

rods