NTR 411 Exams and quizzes review

Which of the following statements are true about full term breastfeeding? (select all that apply) Select one or more: a. In qualitative research with mothers in the US women described their perceptions of discomfort of others around them with full term nursing. b. Human milk after the age of 12 months provides nutritional benefit and immunological benefit. c. The biological weaning age for humans is 2 to 7 years d. Breastfeeding past the age of 2 has no impact on the child's risk of illness e. Full term breastfeeding leads to clingy children who lack self confidence.

a. In qualitative research with mothers in the US women described their perceptions of discomfort of others around them with full term nursing. b. Human milk after the age of 12 months provides nutritional benefit and immunological benefit. c. The biological weaning age for humans is 2 to 7 years

Outcomes for a business supporting breastfeeding employees include which of the following? Select one or more: a. Increased healthcare costs because of lactation consultant fees b. Increased employee loyalty c. Lower healthcare costs for the company d. More parents who decided not to return to work after maternity leave e. Fewer missed days of work f. Reduced turnover and training costs

a. Increased healthcare costs because of lactation consultant fees b. Increased employee loyalty c. Lower healthcare costs for the company e. Fewer missed days of work f. Reduced turnover and training costs

Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)? Select one or more: a. It improves glucose regulation. b. Can also be referred to as "skin to skin." c. Babies cry less during KMC. d. It supports thermoregulation. e. The infant lays on someone's chest dressed in a sleeper so they do not get cold.

a. It improves glucose regulation. b. Can also be referred to as "skin to skin." c. Babies cry less during KMC. d. It supports thermoregulation.

During a prenatal breastfeeding class, Todd and Catherine were taught about early signs of hunger in their baby. Because they are educated now about infant hunger cues, they know to feed their baby when he does the following: (Hint: Choose the EARLY hunger cues, not late) Select one or more: a. Licking lips b. Sticking tongue out c. Crying d. Rooting e. Hands to mouth

a. Licking lips b. Sticking tongue out d. Rooting e. Hands to mouth

Which of the following are ways in which donor human milk is affected by pasteurization within HMBANA milk banks? Select one or more: a. Pasteurization eliminates the activity of lipoprotein lipase and bile salt stimulate lipase b. Pasteurization reduces activity of lysozyme c.Pasteurization reduces the antiviral activity of free fatty acids

a. Pasteurization eliminates the activity of lipoprotein lipase and bile salt stimulate lipase b. Pasteurization reduces activity of lysozyme

Which of the following components is included in the Theory of Planned Behavior but NOT included in the Theory of Reasoned Action? Select one: a. Perceived behavioral control b. Subjective norm c. Intention to perform the behavior d. Attitude towards the behavior

a. Perceived behavioral control

In order to ensure an even nutrient distribution in the milk, and to account for the possibility that there may be medication or alcohol in a mother's milk by accident, which of the following strategies does HMBANA employ to protect the babies? Select one: a. Pooling milk from 2-6 donors b. Milk pasteurization c. Shipping the milk overnight to hospitals d. Freezing the milk

a. Pooling milk from 2-6 donors

Which of the following organizations discourages the practice of sharing human milk? Select one or more: a. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. American Academy of Nursing c. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP

a. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) c. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP

Jennifer reported to her doctor that all of the sudden, her 12 month old baby Aiden refused to nurse. Her pediatrician wisely advised her to see a lactation consultant, because weaning between 12 to 18 months is uncommon, and Jennifer wishes to breastfeed until at least 2 years of age. The lactation consultant tells her that may factors can contribute to refusal of the breast at this time. Choose all of the factors that the IBCLC may have talked to her about regarding breast refusal during toddlerhood. Select one or more: a. The toddler could have a cold that restricts nasal airflow, making it difficult and uncomfortable to nurse b. The toddler could be adjusting to changes in the home environment, or related to travel c. The toddler could be in pain from teething d. The toddler could be reacting to a period of separation between parent and baby

a. The toddler could have a cold that restricts nasal airflow, making it difficult and uncomfortable to nurse b. The toddler could be adjusting to changes in the home environment, or related to travel c. The toddler could be in pain from teething d. The toddler could be reacting to a period of separation between parent and baby

Which organizations issued a joint statement saying, ""anesthesia, strong sedation, prolonged labor, surgical intervention, and other sources of stress, discomfort and fatigue for mothers and infants impede the initiation of lactation." Select one or more: a. WHO b. ACOG c. AAP d. UNICEF

a. WHO d. UNICEF

During emergency situations, an IBCLC may provide the following education/support (choose all that apply): Select one or more: a. Community milk sharing b. Safe formula feeding c. Alternative ways to feed such as relactation d. Benefits of breastfeeding

all of the answers

Which of the following are reasons why a mother should nurse her baby soon after birth? Select one or more: a.To transfer colostrum to the baby b. To provide comfort for the baby c. So the baby can learn to nurse on a soft breast d. To stimulate the mother's production of milk

all of the answers

an enzyme found in human milk that is capable of breaking down the cells walls of bacteria → a major whey protein in human milk that is involved in lactose synthesis → a type of protein found in solution and suspended in human milk → a whey protein in human milk that can modify the immune system, facilitate iron absorption and regulate bone growth → the water soluble fraction of human milk that contains a variety of proteins → Answer bank: Casein, Whey, Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Alpha-lacatalbumin

an enzyme found in human milk that is capable of breaking down the cells walls of bacteria → Lysozyme a major whey protein in human milk that is involved in lactose synthesis → Alpha-lacatalbumin a type of protein found in solution and suspended in human milk → Casein a whey protein in human milk that can modify the immune system, facilitate iron absorption and regulate bone growth → Lactoferrin the water soluble fraction of human milk that contains a variety of proteins → Whey

Amy is about 120 pounds and is out to dinner with her partner at 6 pm. She consumed a standard drink containing about 14 grams of ethanol along with a hamburger and fries. What should Amy do in regards to breastfeeding her baby who is at home with a babysitter? There may be more than one correct answer, so please choose all that are correct. Select one or more: a. Amy needs to wait at least 5 hours before nursing her baby. b. Amy can safety nurse her baby at or after 8 pm that same evening. c. While away from her baby, Amy should express milk during the time she would have normally nursed her baby. d. Amy should pump her milk at 7 pm and discard it in order to remove the alcohol. Feedback

b. Amy can safety nurse her baby at or after 8 pm that same evening. c. While away from her baby, Amy should express milk during the time she would have normally nursed her baby.

This part of the breast enlarges during pregnancy and contains sebaceous glands that secrete substances to protect the nipple by keeping the skin flexible and able to breath. Select one: a. Cooper's ligaments b. Areola c. Alveoli d. Fatty tissue

b. Areola

Which of the following that correctly addresses delayed cord clamping? Select one or more: a. Cord clamping should be delayed until the baby is 1 hour old. b. Delayed cord clamping occurs to allow the infant to receive as much iron stores as possible c. The cord should be clamped immediately to prevent infection to the infant. d. Cord clamping is recommended after the placenta has stopped pulsating.

b. Delayed cord clamping occurs to allow the infant to receive as much iron stores as possible d. Cord clamping is recommended after the placenta has stopped pulsating.

Which of the following components of human milk is responsible for the rancidity that may sometimes occur in expressed milk? Answer a. Sodium Nitrate b. Fatty acids c.Oxytocin d. Amino acids

b. Fatty acids

Which of the following enzymes cleaves the fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of triglycerides? Answer a. Lysozyme b. Lipase c. Amylase d. Protease

b. Lipase

Research shows that the people who are sharing milk are mostly of which of the following demographics? Select one or more: a.Less than a college degree b. Middle-class c. White d. College educated e. Lower income

b. Middle-class c. White d. College educated

While at home visit, you observe a mother prepare formula for her 5-month old infant. You observe the mother boil water for the formula, allow it to cool for 20 minutes, and then add the formula to the water to finish preparation. Which of the following should the mother have done differently with respect to formula preparation per the WHO? Select one: a. The boiled water should have been immediately placed in the freezer to cool rapidly and then added to the formula. b. Nothing, the formula was prepared correctly c. The boiled water should have been cooled to 100 degrees Fahrenheit and then added to the formula.

b. Nothing, the formula was prepared correctly

The hormone primarily responsible for milk ejection ("let-down") is: Select one: a. Progesterone b. Oxytocin c. Estrogen d. Prolactin e. Transferrin

b. Oxytocin

The primary hormone responsible for milk synthesis is: Select one: a. Estrogen b. Prolactin c. Oxytocin d. Progesterone

b. Prolactin

Which of the following are known functions of lactoferrin? Select one or more: a. Binds carbohydrate molecules in the gut, preventing pathogens from binding them b. Protects against disease c. Binds iron and prevents bacteria from using it for their own growth d. Acts as a prebiotic e. Aids in bone development

b. Protects against disease c. Binds iron and prevents bacteria from using it for their own growth e. Aids in bone development

The definition for exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant has no other food or drink other than human milk and: Select one: a. Water b. Vitamins, minerals and medicines c. Ritual fluids d. Fruit juice

b. Vitamins, minerals and medicines

During emergency situations, mothers can have an __________ in the hormone ________, which delays milk letdown. Select one: a. decrease, cortisol b. increase, cortisol c. decrease, prolactin d. increase, prolactin

b. increase, cortisol

Which of the following is a correct statement about the latch during breastfeeding? Select one or more: a. The baby needs to be latched so that he compresses the base of the nipple when feeding b. The baby must take all of the areola into the mouth to achieve a good latch c. A wide angle at the corner of the infant's mouth is indicative of a good latch d. Mothers who have had previous breastfeeding experience rarely require assessment of the baby's latch in the hospital or birthing center e. The baby needs to be latched so that he compresses the breast tissue when feeding

c. A wide angle at the corner of the infant's mouth is indicative of a good latch e. The baby needs to be latched so that he compresses the breast tissue when feeding

What is the connective tissue in the breast that helps maintain structural integrity? Select one: a. Montgomery glands b. Fatty tissue c. Coopers ligaments d. Anterior cruciate ligament

c. Coopers ligaments

Which of the following is a characteristic of lactogenesis stage I? Select one: a. Hormones of pregnancy cause the cells to begin apoptosis. b. Colostral phase ends and transitional milk is produced c. Epithelial cells are converted to a secretory state and plasma concentrations of lactose, total proteins, and immunoglobulins increase; sodium and chloride in milk decrease d. Establishment of mature milk

c. Epithelial cells are converted to a secretory state and plasma concentrations of lactose, total proteins, and immunoglobulins increase; sodium and chloride in milk decrease

In order to eliminate bacteria in the donated milk, HMBANA employs which of the following techniques? Select one: a. Pooling the milk from 2-6 donors b. Retort pasteurization of the milk c. Holder pasteurization of the milk d. Requiring the parents to sterilize pump parts before each use

c. Holder pasteurization of the milk

You are a student shadowing an IBCLC in a hospital. Before you enter a patient room, the IBCLC states, "this mother is Hispanic, so is she probably mixed feeding." Which of the following has this IBCLC exemplified? Select one: a. Cultural competency b. Cultural humility c. Implicit bias d. Equipoise

c. Implicit bias

A mother planning to breastfeed falls under which part of the theory of planned behavior. Select one: a. Behavior b. Attitude c. Intention d. Subjective norm

c. Intention

What part of the social ecological model would the views and support of a maternal grandmother be considered? Select one: a. Individual b. Policy c. Interpersonal d. community

c. Interpersonal

Why is "Ready to Feed" formula the style of choice in NICUs and hospitals? Select one: a. It does not require refrigeration b. It is the most expensive, but has the best quality c. It has the least risk for bacterial contamination d. It is the least expensive and can be bought in bulk

c. It has the least risk for bacterial contamination

Which of the following socio-economic groups currently has the lowest breastfeeding rates in the United States? Select one: a. Asian mothers b. Maternal age >30 c. Maternal age <20 d. College educated mothers

c. Maternal age <20

As compared with women who give birth elsewhere, women who give birth in a baby-friendly hospital are: Select one: a. More likely to initiate breastfeeding but no more likely to continue b. Less likely to initiate breastfeeding, but those who do continue longer c. More likely to initiate breastfeeding and to continue for a longer time d. No more likely to initiate breastfeeding

c. More likely to initiate breastfeeding and to continue for a longer time

The following are markers for age of weaning among primates (choose all that apply): Select one or more: a. Beginning of teething b. Being able to ask for milk c. Reaching one third adult weight d. Quadrupling of birth weight e. Eruption of permanent molars

c. Reaching one third adult weight d. Quadrupling of birth weight e. Eruption of permanent molars

You see an infant on day 5 of life for an outpatient lactation visit. Which of the following may be a concern that there could be an issue with breastfeeding and infant intake? Select one or more: a. The infant's first stool was black and tar-like b. There were pink streaks (urate crystals) within the diaper on day 2 c. The infant has voided 5 times within 5 days d. The infant's stool on day 5 was black and tar-like e. The infant's stools are yellow and seedy on day 3

c. The infant has voided 5 times within 5 days d. The infant's stool on day 5 was black and tar-like

What is the main ingredient in most term infant formulas?

cow's milk

If feeding expressed milk or formula in emergencies, a _______ is a safer option than a bottle because it is easier to clean.

cup

The Healthy People 2020 objective "Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed ever" measures Select one: a. Breastfeeding duration b. Predominant breastfeeding c. Exclusive breastfeeding d. Breastfeeding initiation

d. Breastfeeding initiation

According to Dr. Tomori's lecture, which of the following are reasons that sleep and breastfeeding have become fragmented? Select one or more: a. Recognition that because humans are mammals, they should be able to leave their infants alone for long periods without feeding just like deer and rabbits. b. Industrial production and marketing of formula milks c. Movement away from agricultural to industrialized city living d. Cultural emphasis on romantic love, sexuality & privacy in marriage e. Shifting of birth practices in the middle of the 20th century from a medical/hospital model to a holistic home-based midwifery model f. Books written for medical providers and parents that advocated for scheduled feedings, ignoring crying, and supplementation with other milks.

d. Cultural emphasis on romantic love, sexuality & privacy in marriage c. Movement away from agricultural to industrialized city living , Industrial production and marketing of formula milks f. Books written for medical providers and parents that advocated for scheduled feedings, ignoring crying, and supplementation with other milks.

If a mother increases her intake of fish in her diet, she will see an increase primarily in which of the following nutrients? Select one: a. Human Milk Oligosaccharides b. Alpha-lactalbumin c. Magnesium d. Omega-3 fatty acids e. Protein

d. Omega-3 fatty acids

Stacy experienced postpartum hemorrhaging and is now having trouble breastfeeding. Which of the following, as consequence of postpartum hemorrhaging, could be the root of this issue? Select one: a. Epidural administration b. Venous Thrombosis c. Eclampsia d. Sheehan Syndrome

d. Sheehan Syndrome

The mother of a breastfed infant is going to have surgery (not involving the breast) requiring general anesthesia and an overnight hospital stay. How soon after surgery can she resume breastfeeding? Select one: a. 1 week b. 12-24 hours c. 6 hours d. When she is fully awake and able to care for herself e. 48 hours

d. When she is fully awake and able to care for herself

How frequently should infants be breastfed during the first month of life? Select one: a. Every 2 hours b. Every 4 hours c. Every hour d. Whenever the baby seems hungry or fussy (i.e., on demand), approximately 8-12 times per day e. Every 3 hours

d. Whenever the baby seems hungry or fussy (i.e., on demand), approximately 8-12 times per day

What color is an infant's first stool?

dark brown

Which of the following best describes breastfeeding rates in the United States? Select one: a. Breastfeeding rates were lowest in the 1930s and have increased since then b. Breastfeeding rates increase and decrease dramatically throughout the years c. Breastfeeding rates were highest in the 1930s and have decreased since then d. Breastfeeding rates were highest in the 1970s and have decreased since then e. Breastfeeding rates were lowest in the 1970s and have increased since then

e. Breastfeeding rates were lowest in the 1970s and have increased since then

Compared with mature milk, colostrum is: Select one: a. Higher in water-soluble vitamins b. Higher in fat and sodium c. Lower in sodium, potassium and chloride d. Lower in fat and carotenoids e. Higher in protein, sodium, and fat soluble vitamins

e. Higher in protein, sodium, and fat soluble vitamins

A mother needs to have a pump to be able to express milk. T/F

false

Breastfeeding in a recliner, couch, or other soft surface is a great way for mothers to avoid cosleeping while remaining comfortable when tired. T/F

false

Cross-nursing or expressed donor human milk are never recommended in emergencies because of the risk of HIV transmission T/F

false

It is uncommon for babies to feed frequently, 8-10, or more, times each day. T/F

false

Once thawed, pasteurized donor human milk can be stored at room temperature of less than 4 hours and in the refrigerator for 2-8 days. T/F

false

Planning for infant feeding support during emergencies is not necessary in developed countries like the United States because there is access to clean water and sterilized formul T/F

false

The best formula for a family to use if they are breastfeeding and plan to only use formula temporarily is the specialty formula called, "For Breastfeeding Supplementation" due to its unique composition of ingredients for breastfed infants. T/F

false

The best formula to donate during an emergency is powdered formula because it is light and easy to ship. T/F

false

The most variable component of human milk is the amount of lactose. T/F

false

The peer-reviewed scientific literature related to cannabis use while breastfeeding is in agreement that it leads to negative health outcomes for the baby. T/F

false

The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes allows promotion by formula companies in healthcare facilities that also encourage breastfeeding. T/F

false `

A provider using the baby's name when discussing medical care with a family is an example of __________ centered care

family

Dr. Smith is a physician who is prescribing a medication to a breastfeeding mother for depression. There are three options she can choose from to prescribe. Dr. Smith carefully considers the characteristics of the medications before making her decision. Which medication should Dr. Smith prescribe based on the corresponding characteristics? Medication 1: has a low maternal protein binding, a high maternal and infant oral bioavailability, a low molecular weight, and a high relative infant dose Medication 2: has a high maternal protein binding, a high maternal and infant oral bioavailability, a low molecular weight, and a high relative infant dose Medication 3: has a high maternal protein binding, a low maternal and infant oral bioavailability, a high molecular weight, and a low relative infant dose

medication 2

the _______ cells contract in response to stimulation by oxytocin and squeeze milk into the ducts

myoepithelial cells

If a mother has a retained placenta it can have an negative impact on her milk supply. What hormone is causing this problem?

progesterone

Breastfeeding duration rates are lower in industrialized countries like the United States, compared to developing countries like India. T/F

true

During pregnancy, Nancy notices that her breasts get larger, the areola darkens, and the Montgomery glands become more noticeable. These are normal breast changes during pregnancy. T/F

true

Mothers using tobacco during lactation should be encouraged to stop using tobacco, but tobacco use is not a reason to discontinue breastfeeding. T/F

true

Pasteurized, donor human milk is expensive, but for each dollar spent on donor milk, a neonatal intensive care unit can save between $11 - $37 dollars in health care costs. T/F

true

Soliciting formula donations is not recommended in emergencies, because is does not support recommended infant and young child feeding in emergencies (IYCFE) response. T/F

true

Wet-nursing is described as direct breastfeeding from a non-biological mother. T/F

true

Which of the following are characteristics of private arrangement milk sharing? Select one or more: a. PAMS can include milk obtained from a HMBANA milk bank b. Donors are paid for their milk c.PAMS is a commerce-free model of milk donation d. A mother donates her expressed milk directly to a recipient family, who will use the milk to feed their infant or the mother breastfeeds an infant to whom she is not a parent. e. PAMS can include community-based peer-to-peer sharing

PAMS is a commerce-free model of milk donation , A mother donates her expressed milk directly to a recipient family, who will use the milk to feed their infant or the mother breastfeeds an infant to whom she is not a parent. , PAMS can include community-based peer-to-peer sharing

Progestin Intrauterine device (IUD) → Progesterone only pills → Progestin injectable (Depo provera) → word bank: Hormones circulate throughout the body, may affect milk production particularly if used right after birth., Placement in the uterus immediately postpartum may have an impact on breastfeeding, Considered safe for breastfeeding as long as they are used after lactation has been established.

Progestin Intrauterine device (IUD) → Placement in the uterus immediately postpartum may have an impact on breastfeeding. Progesterone only pills → Considered safe for breastfeeding as long as they are used after lactation has been established. Progestin injectable (Depo provera) → Hormones circulate throughout the body, may affect milk production particularly if used right after birth.

Reluctance to progress one's knowledge of other cultures resulting in harmful views and application. → A person's prejudices and attitudes that affect decision-making → Clinician awareness of the cultural norms, languages and customs of the patient → Cultural competence Application of cultural awareness in a way that allows for the patient's experiences over the clinician's views of the culture. → Present when the power balance between the clinician and patient is removed → answer bank: Implicit bias, Equipoise, Cultural humility, Cultural hubris, Cultural competence

Reluctance to progress one's knowledge of other cultures resulting in harmful views and application. → Cultural hubris A person's prejudices and attitudes that affect decision-making → Implicit bias Clinician awareness of the cultural norms, languages and customs of the patient → Cultural competence Application of cultural awareness in a way that allows for the patient's experiences over the clinician's views of the culture. → Cultural humility Present when the power balance between the clinician and patient is removed → Equipoise

Amber wants to donate her milk. Which of the following are steps that she will need to take to be able to donate her milk to a HMBANA milk bank? Select one or more: a. She will need to have a blood screening done b. She will need to take a drug test c. She will need to complete a preliminary phone screening with a HMBANA employee d. She will need to complete a detailed written questionnaire e. She will need to agree to never drink alcohol during the time she is donating. f. Her health care provider the baby's health care provider need to give approval

She will need to complete a preliminary phone screening with a HMBANA employee , She will need to complete a detailed written questionnaire , Her health care provider the baby's health care provider need to give approval , She will need to have a blood screening done

Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone. Signals breast to make milk. → Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting cells in the breast. → Causes the myoepithelial cells to contract during letdown. → Growth of mammary ducts and the connective tissue between the ducts. → Answer bank: Progesterone, Estrogen, Prolactin, Oxytocin

Signals breast to make milk. → Prolactin Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting cells in the breast. → Progesterone Causes the myoepithelial cells to contract during letdown. → Oxytocin Growth of mammary ducts and the connective tissue between the ducts. → Estrogen

Which of the following statements are true regarding the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes? Select one or more: a. The code forbids distribution of free infant formula samples directly to mothers b. While a mother and baby are in a health institution, the Code forbids the mother's use of infant formula c. The code supports the distribution of breastfeeding information by infant formula manufacturers d. The code allows for the public advertising of infant formula

The code forbids distribution of free infant formula samples directly to mothers

Pasteurized, donor human milk (DHM) is the preferred feeding method for preterm infants when mother's own milk is unavailable. Which of the following are reasons why it is preferred over formula feeding? Select one or more: a. DHM feeding leads to decreased length of hospital stay b. DHM feeding leads to increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis c. DHM feeding leads to increased length of hospital stay d. DHM feeding leads to decreased feeding intolerance e. DHM feeding supports breastfeeding f. DHM feeding leads to decreased morbidity rates g. DHM feeding leads to decreased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis

The correct answers are: f. DHM feeding leads to decreased morbidity rates g. DHM feeding leads to decreased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis d. DHM feeding leads to decreased feeding intolerance a. DHM feeding leads to decreased length of hospital stay e. DHM feeding supports breastfeeding

Breastfeeding has been associated with the following health benefits for infants (select all that apply): Select one or more: a. A reduction in lower respiratory illness b. A reduction in risk for asthma c. A reduction in risk for malocclusion d. A reduction in gastroenteritis e. A reduction in otitis media f. A reduction in risk of developing cardiovascular disease

The correct answers are: A reduction in otitis media, A reduction in lower respiratory illness, A reduction in gastroenteritis, A reduction in risk for asthma, A reduction in risk for malocclusion

Over the phone, HMBANA screens donors for which of the following criteria/characteristics? Select one or more: a. Medications b. Alcohol use c. Herb and supplement intake d. Illegal drug use e. Risk for HIV f. Risks of diseases acquired from travel

All the responses

Which of the following are reasons why some mothers may not donate their milk to a non-profit milk bank (according to current research)? Select one or more: a. The donor parent may view the donation process as difficult b. The donor parent does not qualify to donate milk c. The donor parent may prefer to know the recipient d. There is no milk bank local to the donor parent e. The donor parent objects to other families paying for the donated milk

All the responses

Appoints a national breastfeeding coordinator with appropriate authority, and establish a multisectoral national breastfeeding committee with representatives from relevant government departments, nongovernmental organizations, and health professional associations. → Outlines the need for various sectors to support women who choose to breastfeed. The sectors include: research, family support, lactation support, health care system, community support, and employment. → Recognizes hospitals and birthing centers that offer an optimal level of care for infant feeding and mother/baby bonding

Appoints a national breastfeeding coordinator with appropriate authority, and establish a multisectoral national breastfeeding committee with representatives from relevant government departments, nongovernmental organizations, and health professional associations. → Innocenti Declaration 1990 Outlines the need for various sectors to support women who choose to breastfeed. The sectors include: research, family support, lactation support, health care system, community support, and employment. → Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding Recognizes hospitals and birthing centers that offer an optimal level of care for infant feeding and mother/baby bonding. → Baby friendly hospital initiative

Which of the following factors determines how much milk is consumed during a feeding? Select one or more: a. Mother's milk storage capacity b. Baby's stomach size c. Baby's age d. How much fat a mother consumes in her diet e. Mother's milk supply

Baby's age, Baby's stomach size , Mother's milk supply , Mother's milk storage capacity

Danielle was talking to her friend Karen and telling her that she should not sleep with her baby because it is dangerous and that her baby will "go to college needing to sleep with a parent." Which of the following statements regarding bed-sharing (sharing the same sleep surface) are NOT evidence-based? Select one or more: a. Bed sharing is dangerous if the parent has been drinking b. Bed sharing leads to a more exhausted mother than does having the infant sleep in a room alone c. There are guidelines for safe bed-sharing d. Bed sharing is a common practice around the world e. It is easy for a breastfeeding mother to roll over on her baby causing SIDS

Bed sharing leads to a more exhausted mother than does having the infant sleep in a room alone , It is easy for a breastfeeding mother to roll over on her baby causing SIDS

Maya has a surplus of her milk stored up. Her pediatrician advised her that she should do which of the following with her milk (if he is following AAP guidelines)? Select one or more: a. Donate or sell their milk to families within their community b. Sell to people she arranges a transaction with online c. Donate to non-profit milk banks d. Make sure that she prioritizes feeding her own infant before donating to others e. Use the internet to facilitate milk exchange f. Donate to for-profit milk banks g. Share it with friends or family who need extra milk

Donate to non-profit milk banks , Make sure that she prioritizes feeding her own infant before donating to others

Which of the following are current infant feeding recommendations according to the World Health Organization? Select one or more: a. Continued breastfeeding for 12 months b. Introduction of complementary foods around 6 months c. Continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months d. Continued breastfeeding for 2 years e. Introduction of complementary foods around 3 months f. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life g. Continued breastfeeding for at least 2 years

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, Introduction of complementary foods around 6 months, Continued breastfeeding for at least 2 years

High blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy → A premature separation of the placenta → Itching of the palms and soles of feet due to the buildup of bile salts in the body → Loss of blood of more than 500 mL immediately after birth or in the following weeks → A blood clot formed in a vessel that prevents the flow of blood throughout the body → Word bank: Preeclampsia, Postpartum hemorrhage, Placental abruption, Cholestasis, Thrombus

High blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy → Preeclampsia A premature separation of the placenta → Placental abruption Itching of the palms and soles of feet due to the buildup of bile salts in the body → Cholestasis Loss of blood of more than 500 mL immediately after birth or in the following weeks → Postpartum hemorrhage A blood clot formed in a vessel that prevents the flow of blood throughout the body → Thrombus

High oral bioavailability → Low molecular weight → High protein binding → Low milk-to-plasma ratio → answer bank: Lower levels of medication in milk, Higher levels of medication in milk, Higher levels of medication in milk, Lower levels of medication in milk

High oral bioavailability → Higher levels of medication in milk Low molecular weight → Higher levels of medication in milk High protein binding → Lower levels of medication in milk Low milk-to-plasma ratio → Lower levels of medication in milk

Little body movement, glazed eyes, delayed reaction → Jerky movements, facial color change, muscle tension, rapid breathing → Little body or facial movement, regular respiration, relaxed body → Rapid eye movement, body and facial twitches → Moderate to frequent body and facial movements, open eyes, sometimes fussy → Little body movement, open eyes, responsive → word bank: Quiet alert, Crying, Active alert, Active Sleep, Drowsy, Quiet Sleep

Little body movement, glazed eyes, delayed reaction → Drowsy Jerky movements, facial color change, muscle tension, rapid breathing → Crying Little body or facial movement, regular respiration, relaxed body → Quiet Sleep Rapid eye movement, body and facial twitches → Active Sleep Moderate to frequent body and facial movements, open eyes, sometimes fussy → Active alert Little body movement, open eyes, responsive → Quiet alert

Lactational Amenorrhea can be used successfully for birth control under the following circumstances (choose all that apply): Select one or more: a. Baby <12 months old b. Mother has not menstruated c. Baby is breastfeeding day and night with <6hrs between feedings d. Mother is amenorrheic e. Dyad is doing any breastfeeding f. Dyad is fully or nearly fully breastfeeding g. Baby <6 months old

Mother is amenorrheic, Mother has not menstruated, Dyad is fully or nearly fully breastfeeding, Baby <6 months old, Baby is breastfeeding day and night with <6hrs between feedings

Which of the following statements are true about HMOs Select one or more: a. Most are resistant to enzyme action in the stomach b. They are carbohydrates that are not digested by the infant c. They serve as a probiotic d. They are involved in lactose synthesis e. They act as decoy receptors preventing pathogens from attaching to the infant's epithelial cells.

They are carbohydrates that are not digested by the infant, They act as decoy receptors preventing pathogens from attaching to the infant's epithelial cells., Most are resistant to enzyme action in the stomach

Feeding an infant formula has been shown to increase the risk of which of the following? Select one or more: a. Acute otitis media b. Sudden infant death syndrome c. Ovarian cancer d. Necrotizing enterocolitits

a. Acute otitis media d. Necrotizing enterocolitits

Which of the following is a characteristic of lactogenesis stage II? Select one: a. Blood flow within the breast increases, and copious milk secretion begins b. Occurs around 8 - 10 days postpartum c. Oxytocin release causes the milk to flow from the gland. d. Epithelial cells are converted to a secretory state and plasma concentrations of lactose, total proteins, and immunoglobulins increase; sodium and chloride in milk decrease

a. Blood flow within the breast increases, and copious milk secretion begins

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sleeping position of breastfed infants? Select one: a. Breastfed infants tend to assume a posture facing their mothers' breast b. Breastfed infants should be placed on a soft surface to ensure that they are comfortable while sleeping c. Breastfed infants need stuffed animals to help them sleep d. Breastfed infants should always be placed on their stomachs to help them sleep better e. Breastfed infants should be kept warm with lots of blankets at night

a. Breastfed infants tend to assume a posture facing their mothers' breast

Which of the following statements are true about colostrum? Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. Colostrum is thick and yellow b. Colostrum is produced for the first 2 months of lactation c. Secretion of colostrum begins during pregnancy d. Colostrum is high in growth factors, SIgA, white cells, and lactoferrin e. It is reasonable for a mother to expect to be able to produce 20 ounces or more of colostrum each day f. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother

a. Colostrum is thick and yellow c. Secretion of colostrum begins during pregnancy d. Colostrum is high in growth factors, SIgA, white cells, and lactoferrin f. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother

Non-nursing mothers generally experience the return of ovulation and menstruation _______ than nursing mothers. Select one: a. Earlier b. Later c. Same time

a. Earlier

The UNICEF/WHO Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding include which one of the following steps? Select one or more: a. Encourage breastfeeding on demand when teaching mothers b. Give only breastmilk to premature infants under 37 weeks gestation c. Use at-breast supplementers for supplementing breastfed infants d. Train all maternity staff with breastfeeding education

a. Encourage breastfeeding on demand when teaching mothers d. Train all maternity staff with breastfeeding education

Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing drug therapy for a nursing mother? Select one or more: a. Experience with the drug in infants b. Relative concentration of the drug in mother's milk and plasma c. Age of the infant d. Potential long-term effects in the infant

a. Experience with the drug in infants b. Relative concentration of the drug in mother's milk and plasma c. Age of the infant d. Potential long-term effects in the infant

Susan has a 2-day old baby, Ellie, that was born with assistance from forceps. Susan had a long labor and she received abundant Pitocin, which led to her having an epidural. Ellie is having a difficult time latching onto Susan's breast and is not transferring enough milk. Which of the following are reasons that could explain the trouble the dyad is experiencing with breastfeeding? Select one or more: a. Forceps use can cause bruising and nerve damage to the sides of the infant cranium, causing the jaw to deviate to the paralyzed side when the mouth is open. b. Over-hydration by intravenous fluids may result in breast edema, which can cause latch and breast problems. c. Susan needs to try harder, breastfeeding comes naturally to every mother. d. Sometimes, epidurals can lead to babies being sleepy and not feeding well.

a. Forceps use can cause bruising and nerve damage to the sides of the infant cranium, causing the jaw to deviate to the paralyzed side when the mouth is open. b. Over-hydration by intravenous fluids may result in breast edema, which can cause latch and breast problems. d. Sometimes, epidurals can lead to babies being sleepy and not feeding well.

Although some older studies found a correlation between breastfeeding and higher intelligence, more recent studies, which controlled or adjusted for maternal education, socio-economic status, and related factors have: Select one: a. Found a small, but statistically significant, increase in IQ and academic performance in breastfed or breast milk fed infants b. Found no correlation between IQ and breastfeeding duration in full-term infants c. Found breastfed infants have a 13-15 IQ point advantage over artificially fed infants d. Found no correlation between IQ and breast milk intake in preterm infants

a. Found a small, but statistically significant, increase in IQ and academic performance in breastfed or breast milk fed infants

You are an IBCLC and a mother asks you about advice regarding alcohol consumption during lactation. Which of the following are statements that you should educate her about? Select one or more: a. Heavier maternal alcohol consumption is associated with a disruption in infant sleeping patterns. b. Heavier maternal alcohol consumption is associated with positive impacts on infant development and behavior. c. Alcohol may decrease or inhibit the milk letdown reflex. d.Heavier maternal alcohol consumption is associated with lower child weight and height.

a. Heavier maternal alcohol consumption is associated with a disruption in infant sleeping patterns. c. Alcohol may decrease or inhibit the milk letdown reflex. d.Heavier maternal alcohol consumption is associated with lower child weight and height.