NU 325 Final Exam Tips

applying heat

A client comes to the clinic 2 days after sustaining a sprain to the left ankle. What intervention can the nurse encourage the client to perform that will help improve circulation?

"I've had trouble getting started when I urinate, often straining to do so."

A client comes to the clinic reporting urinary symptoms. Which statement would most likely alert the nurse to suspect benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Elevated ST segment

A client comes to the emergency department reporting chest pain. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals myocardial ischemia and an anterior-wall myocardial infarction (MI). Which ECG characteristic does the nurse expect to see?

Gauntlet cast

A client has a cast that extends from below the elbow to the palmar crease and is secured around the base of the thumb. The thumb is also casted. The nurse identifies this as which type of cast?

"You'll need less insulin when you exercise or reduce your food intake."

A client has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When teaching the client and family how diet and exercise affect insulin requirements, the nurse should include which guideline?

Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)

A client presents to the clinic reporting symptoms that suggest diabetes. What criteria would support checking blood levels for the diagnosis of diabetes?

This insulin has no peak action and does not cause a hypoglycemic reaction.

A client receives a daily injection of glargine insulin at 7:00 a.m. When should the nurse monitor this client for a hypoglycemic reaction?

Assess peripheral pulses in the left leg.

After undergoing renal arteriogram, in which the left groin was accessed, a client complains of left calf pain. Which intervention should the nurse perform first?

Traction

Application of a pulling force to treat fractures or dislocations

Bone densitometry

Assesses osteoporosis progression; done yearly.

HgA1C

Blood test measuring average blood sugar for 3 months

BUN

Blood urea nitrogen, a measure of kidney function

Osteomyelitis

Bone infection typically treated with antibiotics

Berry aneurysm

Brain blood vessel aneurysm; common cause of strokes.

Renal angiogram

Diagnostic test for renal blood flow & cyst differentiation.

Nephrostomy tubes

Drain urine from kidneys; never clamp.

Diabetic education

Emphasizes exercise, diet, foot care, and sick day management.

Iatrogenic Incontinence

Involuntary urine leakage caused by medication side effects

Venipuncture

Procedure to puncture a vein for blood sampling or IV therapy

Cystoscopy

Procedure to visually examine the bladder

Neutropenic precautions

Protective isolation for low neutrophil counts.

weight gain

The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill client is

bone scan

A client has low back pain and the healthcare provider needs to rule out the presence of a tumor. Which diagnostic procedure would the nurse anticipate to be ordered for the client?

Hypertension

A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which symptom would the nurse most likely assess?

Rapid, thready pulse

A client who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level?

The pouch faceplate doesn't fit the stoma.

A client with bladder cancer had his bladder removed and an ileal conduit created for urine diversion. While changing this client's pouch, the nurse observes that the area around the stoma is red, weeping, and painful. What should the nurse conclude?

metformin

A client with diabetes is receiving an oral anti diabetic agent that acts to help the tissues use available insulin more efficiently. Which of the following agents would the nurse expect to administer?

Insulin is absorbed more rapidly at abdominal injection sites than at other sites.

A nurse explains to a client that she will administer his first insulin dose in his abdomen. How does absorption at the abdominal site compare with absorption at other sites?

wash and inspect the feet daily.

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with diabetes mellitus. A client with diabetes mellitus should:

Assess the puncture site frequently for hematoma formation or bleeding.

A nurse is preparing a client for cardiac catheterization. The nurse knows that which nursing intervention must be provided when the client returns to the room after the procedure?

Have the client lay on the back with the head elevated

A postoperative client is moving from the bed to a chair when blood drips from the dressing. The nurse assesses the incision and notes evisceration. What does the nurse do first?

administering supplemental oxygen

A postoperative client returns to a surgical nursing unit. The nurse assesses the client and notes tachycardia and muscle rigidity. What is the most important nursing action?

Type 1 diabetes

A teenage client is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of hyperglycemia. Based on the fact that the pancreatic beta cells are being destroyed, the client would be diagnosed with what type of diabetes?

Insulin Resistance

Cellular insensitivity to insulin

Heart failure

Clinical syndrome affecting heart's pumping ability.

Ileal conduit

Common urinary diversion; requires patient education.

Insulin Drip

Continuous infusion of insulin through an IV

The client will be immobile during and shortly after surgery.

Following abdominal surgery, which factor predisposes a client to deep vein thrombosis?

Renal Calculi

Hard deposits that form in the kidneys

Endogenous risk factors

Hereditary, gender, race; cannot be changed.

Pre op instructions

Include NPO, laxative, extra fluids, voiding, and pulse marking.

Exogenous risk factors

Include alcohol, tobacco, obesity, sun exposure.

Cardiomyopathy types

Include dilated, ischemic, hypertrophic, & restrictive.

Osteoporosis risk factors

Include small-framed females & Caucasians.

BNP level

Indicator of heart failure severity; norm <100.

Foley Catheter

Indwelling urinary catheter that can lead to CAUTI if not managed properly

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis

Stress Incontinence

Involuntary urine leakage due to physical stress on the bladder

Cast care

Involves RICE method, no scratching inside cast.

Reversal for warfarin

Involves administering vitamin K for high INR.

Infiltration

Leakage of IV fluid into surrounding tissue

lack of exposure to sunshine.

Lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis include

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar level

Disturbed body image

Major concern post-diversion surgery.

Testicular Self Exam

Monthly self-examination for testicular cancer detection

Hemorrhage & shock

Most frequent surgical complications.

Polycystic kidney disease

Multiple cysts in kidneys, liver, brain, & heart.

Foley cath

Not a routine procedure; used for urinary retention.

Discouraging caffeine intake

Nursing management of the client with a urinary tract infection should include

Atelectasis

Partial or complete collapse of the lung

Glycosuria

Presence of glucose in the urine

Autoimmune

Resulting from an immune response against one's tissues

Bladder cancer

Risk factors include painless hematuria.

Urosepsis

Sepsis originating from a urinary tract infection

Distal

Situated away from the center of the body or point of attachment

Transurethral Prostatectomy

Surgical removal of part of the prostate through the urethra

testicular self-examination.

Testicular cancer risk is highest for clients younger than age 35. To specifically address testicular cancer risk, a nurse should modify client teaching for clients to include:

Buck's traction

The client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of left femoral neck fracture. Which treatment modality would the nurse expect the health care provider to order?

Elastic compression bandages

The health care provider is preparing to bivalve the client's cast. Which supplies should the nurse assemble?

decreases venous congestion.

The most important reason for a nurse to encourage a client with peripheral vascular disease to initiate a walking program is that this form of exercise:

Fat embolism syndrome

The nurse assesses subtle personality changes, restlessness, irritability, and confusion in a client who has sustained a fracture. The nurse suspects which complication?

10 to 15 minutes

The nurse is administering lispro insulin. Based on the onset of action, how long before breakfast should the nurse administer the injection?

Stand upright for 2 to 3 minutes prior to ambulating.

The nurse is caring for a 78-year-old client who has had an outpatient cholecystectomy. The nurse is getting the client up for the first walk postoperatively. To decrease the potential for orthostatic hypotension and consequent falls, what should the nurse have the client do?

Assist to the bathroom.

The nurse is caring for a female postoperative client who is having difficulty voiding. Which nursing action is most helpful to promote normal voiding?

Anticholinergics

The nurse is employed in a urologist's office. Which classification of medication is anticipated for clients having difficulty with urinary incontinence?

Blood pH of 6.9

The nurse is reviewing the initial laboratory test results of a client diagnosed with DKA. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?

WBC 50

The nurse recognizes that test results that most likely indicate a urinary tract infection include:

Reduce the risk of fires.

The perioperative nurse knows that the National Patient Safety Goals have the potential to improve client outcomes in a wide variety of health care settings. Which of these goals has the most direct relevance to the OR?

Phantom pain

Treated with opioids; common post-amputation.

Creatinine

Waste product of muscle metabolism, a marker of kidney function

4 to 6 hours

What is the duration of regular insulin?

"You shouldn't experience a headache after this type of anesthesia."

When developing a teaching plan for a patient scheduled for ambulatory surgery with epidural anesthesia, which of the following would the nurse include?

Painless hematuria

Which finding is an early indicator of bladder cancer?

Ketones

Which is a by-product of fat breakdown in the absence of insulin and accumulates in the blood and urine?

constipation

Which is a reversible cause of urinary incontinence in the older adult?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Which is one of the most common causes of death in clients diagnosed with fat emboli syndrome?

Nonunion

Which of the following describes failure of the ends of a fractured bone to unite in normal alignment?

Increased serum creatinine level

Which of the following would the nurse expect to find when reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with renal failure?

Erythropoietin

Which substance stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells?

Iatrogenic

Which type of incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine due to extrinsic medical factors, particularly medications?

shortened, adducted, and externally rotated.

With fractures of the femoral neck, the leg is