NU140- Chapter 3 Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

Morbidity

frequency that a disease occurs

When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that:

help them maintain independence.

Risk factor

something that increases a person's chance for illness or injury

Health

state of optimal functioning or well-being

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

A nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer. The client tells the nurse: "I don't know why this happened to me, but I'm ready to move on and do whatever I need to do to get healthy again." This client is in which stage of acute illness?

Stage 3

The nurse recognizes that the client who makes the decision to accept a new diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan is in which stage of an illness?

Stage 3-Assuming a dependent role

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury

A client with a lump in the breast calls the healthcare provider to schedule an appointment for an evaluation. Based on the client's actions, what stage of illness is the client demonstrating?

Assuming the sick role

The concept of holism is based on the belief that:

individuals cannot be seen apart from the environment.

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

Family Culture Community Society

Which client growth needs are included in the love and belonging level of Maslow's hierarchy? (Select all that apply.)

Family Intimacy Friendships

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the client had to relearn how to perform activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing. The client has often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:

giving up the dependent role.

Chronic illness

irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-term health care

A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:

self-concept.

Which is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illness status?

A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family.

What are common sources of stress in family members due to a hospitalization of a family member? Select all that apply.

Alterations in roles Economic problems Alterations in lifestyle Decrease in social interactions

Which client would most benefit from the nurse including in the plan of care interventions addressing emotional health?

A stressed client who is experiencing paranoid delusions

A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses? Select all that apply. a. Diabetes mellitus b. Bronchial pneumonia c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Cystic fibrosis e. Fractured hip f. Otitis media

a. Diabetes mellitus c. Bronchial pneumonia d. Cystic fibrosis

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness.

The nurse is planning care for several clients in an outpatient clinic. Which client requires follow-up care due to a chronic condition?

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is wheezing and coughing

A rapid onset of symptoms that lasts a relatively short time indicates which condition?

An acute illness

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course

Which nursing activity reflects care given on the tertiary level of healthcare delivery?

Assisting with transplant surgery

An older adult patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because the client lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, the client has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of the client's care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

Chronic illness

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?

Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world.

A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Primary

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary

A client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The client states that it is nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in the client's circle of friends and line of work. As well, the client claims to have thought that drinking only beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This client is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which human dimensions?

Sociocultural and intellectual

A patient in a community health clinic tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the patient exhibiting? a. Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms b. Stage 2: Assuming the sick role c. Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role d. Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

b. Stage 2: Assuming the sick role

A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models? a. Illness as a fixed point in time b. The importance of family c. Wellness as a passive state d. Health as a constantly changing state

d. Health as a constantly changing state

Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?

Environmental risk factor

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept?

Focus on what is possible.

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?

Health

Which is the most accurate definition of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

Instructing a client on how to use crutches

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?

Monitoring airway clearance.

The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?

Physical dimension

What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on breast self-examination?

Primary prevention

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Rehabilitation

The nurse is certified in providing Therapeutic Touch and is preparing to initiate this for a client. What activity should the nurse perform first?

Requesting the client's permission to touch the body

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

Secondary

The nurse is holding a cholesterol screening at a local pharmacy this Saturday morning. What level(s) of health promotion is this screening an example of?

Secondary

Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?

Secondary care

A mammogram represents which level of prevention?

Secondary prevention

What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.

Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight

Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases?

Smoking

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?

The client gives up the dependent role.

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.

Mortality

number of deaths

Disease

pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind

Remission

period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms of the disease

Exacerbation

period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear

Acute illness

rapidly occurring illness that runs its course, allowing a person to return to one's previous level of functioning

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?

Making a referral for a mammogram

Which is the goal of tertiary prevention of illness?

Minimizing complications

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Modifiable

A client, who has just been diagnosed with a chronic condition, asks the nurse what a "chronic condition" means. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Chronic conditions usually come on slowly and may have periods of remission and exacerbation."

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

Which client would most benefit from the nurse including in the plan of care interventions addressing the client's social health?

A spouse and parent who is angry about no longer being able to work due to a spinal cord injury

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?

"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

Illness

abnormal process in which any aspect of the person's functioning is altered (in comparison to the previous condition of health)

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about the client's health beliefs based primarily on the client's:

age and developmental stage.

A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:

agent

Wellness

an active process in which an individual progresses toward the maximum possible potential, regardless of current state of health

Health equity

attainment of the highest level of health for all people

Nurses perform health promotion activities at a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which nursing actions are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply. a. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city. b. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb. c. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient. d. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes. e. A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students. f. A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat.

b. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb. c. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.

Health promotion

behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential

A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating? a. Tertiary b. Secondary c. Primary d. Promotive

c. Primary

Based on the components of the physical human dimension, the nurse would expect which clinic patient to be most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms? a. Jane, whose best friend had a benign breast lump removed b. Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood c. Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer d. Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations

c. Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer

Social determinants of health

conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:

consume a diet low in fat.

Vulnerable population

disadvantaged subsegment of a community requiring utmost care, specific ancillary considerations, and augmented protection in research; includes those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, rural and inner-city residents, new immigrants, the homeless, mentally ill patients, and people with disabilities and special health care needs

A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented."

Which behaviors are necessary for a person to successfully adapt to a chronic illness? Select all that apply.

Learn to live as normally as possible Maintain a positive self-concept Maintain a sense of hope

Holistic health care

health care that takes into account the whole person interacting in the environment

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy

The nurse uses the agent-host-environment model of health and illness to assess diseases in patients. This model is based on what concept? a. Risk factors b. Demographic variables c. Behaviors to promote health d. Stages of illness

a. Risk factors

Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients are considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply. a. A White male diagnosed with HIV b. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant c. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes d. A low-income family living in rural America e. A middle-class teacher living in a large city f. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy

b. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant c. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes d. A low-income family living in rural America f. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy

A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing various levels of health and illness. Which statements define these two concepts? Select all that apply. a. Health and illness are the same for all people. b. Health and illness are individually defined by each person. c. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy. d. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs. e. Health is more than the absence of illness. f. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.

b. Health and illness are individually defined by each person e. Health is more than the absence of illness f. Illness is the response of a person to a disease

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:

homeostasis.

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health

Health disparity

a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

A nurse working in a long-term care facility personally follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How does this nurse promote health in the residents of this facility? a. By being a role model for healthy behaviors b. By not requiring sick days from work c. By never exposing others to any type of illness d. By budgeting time and resources efficiently

a. By being a role model for healthy behaviors

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease

The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a procedure. While the nurse is opening an instrument, the outer wrapper of the sterilized instrument touches the extreme edge of the field. What should the nurse do next?

Discard the sterile field and prepare a new one