Nucleic Acids and the Cell (Quiz 4)

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

Which structure is absent in plant cells?

centrosomes

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

chloroplasts

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

contains one less oxygen atom.

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

gap junctions

In a plant cell, DNA may be found

in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?

lysosome

Which animal cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

mitochondrion

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

move vesicles around the cell.

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

plant cell walls

ECM proteins are made by ribosomes in which part of a eukaryotic cell?

rough ER

How are nucleotide monomers connected to form a polynucleotide?

by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

rER →Golgi →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

rough ER

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to

separate chromosomes during cell division.

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

smooth ER

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

vacuole

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'GCCTAA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

5' TTAGGC 3'

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

Bacteria and Archaea

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

an endoplasmic reticulum.

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

microtubules and motor proteins