NUR 224 Test 8 Possible Test Questions

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the client has developed? A. MAC B. Wasting syndrome C. Candidiasis D. Kaposi's sarcoma

C. Candidiasis

A client with AIDS has become forgetful with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms? A. AIDS dementia complex (ADC) B cytomegalovirus (CMV) C. candidiasis D. distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)

A. AIDS dementia complex (ADC)

A client has discussed therapy for his HIV-positive status. What does the nurse understand is the goal of antiretroviral therapy? A. Eliminate the risk of AIDS. B. Bring the viral load to a virtually undetectable level C. Reverse the HIV+ status to a negative status. D. Treat mycobacterium avium complex.

B. Bring the viral load to a virtually undetectable level

Which stage of HIV infection is indicated when the results are more than 500 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm? A. CDC category C: AIDS B. CDC category A: HIV asymptomatic C. CDC category B: HIV symptomatic D. Primary infection (acute HIV infection or acute HIV syndrome)

B. CDC category A: HIV asymptomatic

A client taking abacavir (ABC) has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action? A. Document the information. B. Call the health care provider to report. C. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol). D. Administer Lidocaine cream for the rash.

B. Call the health care provider to report.

The nurse is instructing a male client about safer sexual behaviors. Which client statement indicates a need for additional instruction?

"I will apply baby oil to lubricate the condom."

The nurse is teaching a client with HIV how to use a male condom. The client demonstrates understanding of the information when he states which of the following? Select all that apply.

-"I need to hold the condom by the tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on." -"I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom." -"I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis."

A nurse is working in a support group for clients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which point is most important for the nurse to stress? A. Following safer-sex practices B. Refraining from telling anyone about the diagnosis C. Avoiding the use of recreational drugs and alcohol D. Telling potential sex partners about the diagnosis, as required by law

A. Following safer-sex practices

The clinic nurse is caring for a patient who has a longstanding diagnosis of HIV. The nurse has assessed that the patient is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what? A. HIV encephalopathy B. Wasting syndrome C. B-cell lymphoma D. Kaposi's syndrome

A. HIV encephalopathy

Which of the following is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy? A. Headache B. Hallucinations C. Vacant stare D. Hyperreflexia

A. Headache

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client wants to know when medication for the disease will begin. What is the nurse's best response? A. If the client has a CD4 T-cell count less than 350 cells/mm3. B. When the client is coinfected with hepatitis C. C. If the client is diagnosed with HIV-associated liver disease. D. After the client has been cured of Kaposi's sarcoma.

A. If the client has a CD4 T-cell count less than 350 cells/mm3.

When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?

After exposure during delivery

A patient receiving antiretroviral therapy is complaining of "not urinating enough." What is the nurse's best action?

Assess BUN and creatinine.

A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time they eat. The client has AIDS and wants to know what they can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?

Avoid residue Avoid lactose Avoid fat Avoid caffeine

A nurse on a medical unit is caring for a patient who has experienced a recent exacerbation of HIV. The nurse is being vigilant in assessments and preventative measures related to the common complications of HIV infection. What assessment addresses the most common opportunistic infection related to HIV? A. Palpating the patient's pedal pulses and monitoring for peripheral edema B. Inspecting the patient's skin and monitoring for signs of skin breakdown C. Auscultating the patient's lungs and monitoring oxygen saturation and respiratory rate D. Gauging the patient's orientation, insight, and judgment on a daily basis

C. Auscultating the patient's lungs and monitoring oxygen saturation and respiratory rate

Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?

CD4 counts

The nurse practitioner who is monitoring the patient's progression of HIV is aware that the most debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS patients is:

chronic diarrhea

When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean which of the following? A. He has not been infected with HIV0. B. Antibodies to HIV are present in his blood. C. He is immune to HIV. D. Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.

D. Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.

Which of the following microorganisms is known to cause retinitis in people with HIV/AIDS? A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Pneumocystis carinii C. Mycobacterium avium D. Cytomegalovirus

D. Cytomegalovirus

A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The health care provider wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test should the nurse prepare the client for? A. Plasmapherisis B. Complete chemistry panel C. T-and C-cell assays D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

During assessment of a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma, the nurse knows to look for the initial sign of:

Deep purple cutaneous lesions.

There are many ethical issues in the care of clients with HIV or HIV/AIDS. What is an ethical issue healthcare providers deal with when caring for clients with HIV/AIDS?

Disclosure of the client's condition

A client who is HIV positive is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect to find?

Hypokalemia

The nurse completes a history and physical assessment on a patient with AIDS who was admitted to the hospital with respiratory complications. The nurse knows to assess for the most common infection in persons with AIDS (80% occurrence). This is:

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?

Risk for injury

The nurse is talking with a group of teens about transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What body fluids does the nurse inform them will transmit the virus? Select all that apply.

Semen Breast milk Blood Vaginal secretions

The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The clients T4-cell count is 200/mm3, and the client has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse?

The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS.

The client comes to the clinic to obtain the results from the test to determine if he is infected with HIV. The physician informs the client that he has a CD4 cell count of 300 cells/mm3 and a high viral load. What does the nurse anticipate the physician will discuss with the client?

The initiation of antiretroviral therapy

A client with suspected HIV has had two positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. What diagnostic test would be run next?

Western Blot

In a client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4+ levels are measured to determine the:

extent of immune system damage.

A client on antiretroviral drug therapy is discussing with the nurse that sometimes he "forgets to take his meds for a few days." What should the nurse inform the client can occur when the medications are not taken as prescribed? A. The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure. B. The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking the meds correctly. C. The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance. D. The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications.

A. The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure.

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. What type of infection will the nurse most likely suspect? A. Legionella B. Pneumocystis jiroveci C. Cytomegalovirus D. Mycobacterium avium complex

B. Pneumocystis jiroveci

Students are reviewing information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for a class presentation about preventing the transmission of HIV transmission. Which of the following would the students be least likely to include in their presentation? A. A dental dam is used for oral contact with the vagina or rectum. B. Male condoms must be used consistently and correctly to be effective. C. Nonlatex lambskin condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection. D. Circumcision is an effective means to reduce the risk of males acquiring HIV.

C. Nonlatex lambskin condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is diagnosed through A. visual assessment. B. computed tomography. C. biopsy. D. skin scraping.

C. biopsy.

A nurse was administering a scheduled subcutaneous dose of heparin to a patient who has HIV when the needle penetrated the nurse's thumb. What prophylactic action should the nurse first take? A. Maintain the hand in a dependent position. B. Perform a thorough wash of the injury site with soap and water. C. Apply chlorhexidine to the wound site and to all the skin in a 3-inch radius. D. Apply negative pressure to the wound site using suction tubing.

B. Perform a thorough wash of the injury site with soap and water.

Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV? A. Reverse transcriptase B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) C. p24 antigen D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

The nurse is assessing a 28-year-old man with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the patient, which of the following observations takes immediate priority? A. Tachypnea and restlessness B. Oral temperature of 100°F C. Weight loss of 1 pound since yesterday D. Frequent loose stools

A. Tachypnea and restlessness

The nurse receives a phone call at the clinic from the family of a client with AIDS. They state that the client started "acting funny" and reported headache, tiredness, and a stiff neck. Checking the temperature resulted in a fever of 103.2°F. What should the nurse inform the family member? A. "The client probably has a case of the flu and you should give acetaminophen." B. "This is one of the side effects from antiretroviral therapy and will require changing the medication." C. "The client may have cryptococcal meningitis and will need to be evaluated by the health care provider." D. "The client probably has pneumocystis pneumonia and will need to be evaluated by the health care provider."

C. "The client may have cryptococcal meningitis and will need to be evaluated by the health care provider."

The nurse practitioner who is monitoring the patient's progression of HIV is aware that the most debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS patients is: A. Oral candida. B. Anorexia. C. Chronic diarrhea. D. Nausea and vomiting.

C. Chronic diarrhea.

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. What aspect would the nurse emphasize as most important? A. Incorporation of treatment regimens into daily patterns B. Identifying the signs and symptoms of infection C. Frequent and thorough hand washing D. Adherence to prophylactic medication administration

C. Frequent and thorough hand washing

A patient with HIV develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101°F and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this patient? A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) B. Tuberculosis C. Pneumocystis pneumonia D. Community-acquired pneumonia

C. Pneumocystis pneumonia

The lower the client's viral load: A. the shorter the time to AIDS diagnosis. B. the longer the time immunity. C. the longer the survival time. D. the shorter the survival time.

C. the longer the survival time.

The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the: A. Window period B. Viral load test C. Anergy D. Viral set point

D. Viral set point

The nursing instructor is talking about HIV/AIDS with their pre-nursing pathophysiology class. The instructor explains to the class that the virus that causes HIV/AIDS is called a retrovirus. What characteristics of this retrovirus would the instructor talk with the class about? A. Transmission of the virus B. Cure rate of the virus C. The fact that it is a mutated virus originally thought to be bovine in nature D. HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes

D. HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes HIV-1 is more prevalent than HIV-2 subtypes

A client that is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication does the nurse expect that the client will take for the treatment of this infection? A. Nystatin (Mycostatin) B. Amphotericin B (Fungizone) C. Fluconazole (Diflucan) D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)

D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)