NURS 200 APA Formatting
Common Refernce examples: Journal Article
Example 1 (doi number available) Aggarwal, A., Sharma, D. D., Kumar, R., & Sharma, R.C. (2010). Mutism as the presenting symptom: Three case reports and selective review of literature. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(1), 61-64. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.70542
Common Refernce examples: Journal Article
Example 2 (no doi number available - use url) Swartz, S. L., Prevatt, F., & Proctor, B. E. (2005). A coaching intervention for college students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychology in the Schools, 42(6), 647-656. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/10.1002/pits
In-Text Citations: Basics
Excluding the introduction and concluding paragraphs, papers for this course will generally need at least 1 citation per paragraph
In-Text Citations: Basics
If all infor comes from one source, you may do 1 in-text citation at the end of the paragrpah
In-Text Citations: Basics
If you have a direct quotation from that same source within a paragraph, you must cite it at the end of the quotation (to reference the quotation) and again at the end of the paragraph to reference the rest of the information found in the paragraph.
Plagiarism: Definition
In an instructional setting, plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else's language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source.
Main Body (text)
Starts on page 3 (when abstract is required), Title is centered at the top, do not label the introduction as "Introduction"
What does APA regulate?
Stylistics, In-text citations, References
General Format of an APA Paper
Typed, double-spaced, standard-sized paper (8.5 x 11), 1 in. margins, 12 pt, Times New Roman, Include a page header (title) in the upper left hand of every page and a pg number in the right of every pg
In-text Citations: what do if no page number is available
(Use an abbreviated paragraph number) According to feminist researchers Raitt and Tate (1997), "It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored" (para. 2).
In-Text Citations: Basics
*Don't cite each individual sentence unless you're bouncing back and forth between 2 or more sources
Common Refence Examples: Organization as an Author/Website
- Organization: Mayo Clinic -Refernce List: Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011). Heart failure. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061/DSECTION=tests-and-diagnosis -In-text citation: (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011)
Strategieas for Making a Reference List
-Identify a type source: Book? Journal article? Webpage? -Find a sample of citing this type of source in the textbook, APA manual, or OWL APA guide -"Mirror" the sample -Only list references that have been cited in body of paper
In-text Citations: 3 or more Authors
-If three to five authors, identify all in first citation: (Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, 1999) -In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by et al., (Harklau et al., 1999) - 6 or more authors are followed by et al. (Smith et al., 2006)
Refernce page for using a specific chapter form a textbook
-You will have a different reference for each chapter that you use in any text -This example only has one author. If there is more than one author listed, you must list them according to APA
APA Stylistics
Do Not use contractions (can't - cannot, wouldn't - would not, didn't - did not)
Unreliable Web Sites for an APA Paper
1. .com 2. special-interest group 3. authors that have no clear credentials or professional affiliation 4. not endorsed by a reliable professional organization 5. includes not reference list or the references cited are not scholarly
References: Basics
1. Invert authors name (last name, intials) 2. Alphabetize refernce list entries by last name 3. Capitalize only the 1st letter of teh 1st word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in a title and proper nouns (do not capitalize the 1st letter of teh 2nd word in a hyphenated compound word)
APA Stylistics: AVOID
1. Over-quotation - do not lose your own voice 2. Incorrect/missing citations - Do not plagiarize! 3. Use of unreliable web sites
2 Primary formats for an in-text citation
A traumatic response frequently entails a "delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena" (Caruth, 1996, p.11).
APA Stylistics: Basics Abbreviations
All subsequent usage of the term should use the abbreviation exclusively. Ex. DM is a leading cause of kidney failure.
APA Stylistics
Always include the unit of measurement with every lab/VS in your patho Ex. 140-90 mmHg, 65 bpm
Refernce page for using a specific chapter form a textbook
Author, A.A., & Author, B.B. (year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher
How to Find Acceptable Sources:
CINAHL - The cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Medline - a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information
2 Primary formats for an in-text citation
Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a "delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena" (p. 11).
In-Text Citations: Basics
Do NOT quote directly unless you need the author's specific words *No more than 1 direct quote every 5 pgs in this course
In-text Citations: No Date Listed
Jones (n.d.) found that ... In reference list: Jones, A. (n.d.). "Life is good." Retrieved from ...
Refernce page for using a specific chapter form a textbook
Laskowski-Jones, L. (2007). Acute intracranial problems. In S.L. Lewis, M.M. Heitkemper, S.R. Dirksen, P. G.O`Brien, & L. Bucher (Eds.), Medical- surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems (pp.1467-1501). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier
Plagiarism
Most current discussions of plaigiaism fail to disstinguish between: 1. submitting someone else's text as one's own 2. attempting to blur the line between one's own ideas 3. words and those borrowed from another source 4. carelessly or inadequately citing ideas and words borrowed from another source.
Common Refernce examples: Journal Article
No retreival dates are included in APA
In-text Citations: Basics
Only cite when you need to: don't cite general info such as hip fractures render pts immobile
APA Stylistics: Basics Abbreviations
The first time it appears in the main body of the paper it must be written out completely and followed immediately by its abbreviation in parenthesis Ex. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can result in a number of complications.
Plagiarism
This definition applies to texts published in print or on-line, ti manuscripts, and to the work of other student writers.
General Format of an APA Paper
Title page Abstract Body of Paper Refernces
APA Stylistics: Basics Abbreviations
Use abbreviations and symbols for metric and nonmetric units of measurement that are accompanied by numeric values Ex. The patient received 2 mg Stadol for pain.
APA Stylistics: Basics Abbreviations
Use abbreviations sparingly - only for terms used frequently thoughout the paper
APA Stylistics: Basic Numbers
Use figures to express numbers 10 and above and words to express numbers below 10 Ex. one - nine, 10,11,12, ect.
List of Acceptable References
cdc.gov mayoclinic.com nih.gov hopkinsmedicine.org heart.org nhlbi.nig.gov diabetes.org cancer.org clevelandclinic.org
Main Body (text)
type the text double spaced with all sections following each other without a break, Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical in-text citations