NUT 3150 Exam 2

Diet, exercise and Oral medications are typical treatments for

Type 2 diabetes

What are the 3 functions of carbohydrate in the human body?

a. Provide Energyb. Spare proteinc. Prevent ketosis

What food has the highest glycemic index?

baked potato

Hypoglycemia occurs when an individual's blood sugar lever__________

falls

Two tissues/organs where glucose is stored as glycogen:

liver and skeletal muscles

Some fructose is metabolized in the intestinal lining as it is absorbed, but most dietary fructose is metabolized by the [A]. Because fructose metabolism bypasses most regulatory steps in glycolysis, its metabolism tends to favor the synthesis of [B] in the liver. Fructose metabolism also tends to reduce ATP levels which then increases [C] and [D] levels.

liver, fatty acids, AMP, uric acid

True or False Artificial sweetener have been shown conclusive to increase peoples appetites so that they overate and again weight?

False

True or False Studies comparing water to diet soda show that people lose more weight when consuming water between meals rather than artificial sodas.

False

Name for a carbohydrate with 3-10 sugars attached together.

Oligosaccharide

Amylopectin has two types of chemical bonds. What are they (you have to give specific names):

-α 1,4-α 1,6

Acesulfame K

- 200 x sweeter than sucrose passes through body unchanged- Known as Sonnet and Sweet 1- In soda ½ nutrasweet and ½ acesulfame K- Pee it out

What are true about alcohol sugars?

- Have no impact on blood sugar - They do not cause tooth decay - Large amounts cause tooth decay

saccharine

- Pink packet - One of the first artificial sweeteners - Absorbed and peed out

Stevia

- Purified from plant that grows, in tropical areas- Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine- Green packet - Truvia, Purevia, Rebiana

Sucralose

- Yellow packet- Splenda- Sweetener made from sucrose with chlorides attached- Lost in poop because they are not absorbed in the body

Individuals with type two diabetes or those with poor glucose regulation are at risk of

-Cardiovascular disease -Blindness -Kidney Disease

Aspartame

-Composed of two amino acids - Equal, nutrasweett - Broken down during digestion and metabolized in the body

Sorbitol

-Sugar alcohol - Nutritive alcohol - Gives 1.5-2.0 kcal/gm

What are the functions of gluconeogenisis?

-transport nutrients-locomotion-provide energy-producing vital body structure-fluid balance in body-acid/base balance-Immune function-hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters

How many carbons are in a long chain fatty acid?

12 + carbons

How many carbons are in a short chain fatty acid?

2,3,4 carbons

The AMDR for carbohydrate is (be complete

45-65% of calories

How many carbons are in a medium chain fatty acid?

6,8,10 carbons

The recommended amount of added sugar in the diet is less than

<10% of calories

To improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes,

A Mediterranean-style eating plan is recommended

1. Fructose is a (hexose/pentose) and a (d/l) sugar.

Hexose/ D suagr

The least sweet sugar is:

Lactose

Which sweetener is in the yellow packet?

Sucralose "splenda"

The sweetest sugar is:

fructose

Pancreatic hormone that works to raise blood glucose:

glucagon

The process of converting protein into glucose is called

gluconeogensis

1. Sucrose is composed of two monosaccharaides. What are they?

glucose and fructose

1. Lactose is composed of two monosaccharaides. What are they?

glucose and galactose

What food is used as the standard for glycemic index

glucose or white bread

Examples of simple sugars

glucose, fructose, galactose

When amylose is consumed its digestion starts in the mouth, but most of it is broken down in the _____________(locations). Amylose must first be broken down by ______________ (enzyme) which comes from the _______________(organ) to produce many, many _________________ (a substance). This last substance is then broken down by ___________________to finally give many, many _____________ which are absorbed in to the body.

small intestine, amylase, pancreas, disacchnarides, maltase from microvilli, monosacchrides

The major site of carbohydrate digestion and absorption is

the microvilli of small intestine