NUT 3150 Exam 2
Diet, exercise and Oral medications are typical treatments for
Type 2 diabetes
What are the 3 functions of carbohydrate in the human body?
a. Provide Energyb. Spare proteinc. Prevent ketosis
What food has the highest glycemic index?
baked potato
Hypoglycemia occurs when an individual's blood sugar lever__________
falls
Two tissues/organs where glucose is stored as glycogen:
liver and skeletal muscles
Some fructose is metabolized in the intestinal lining as it is absorbed, but most dietary fructose is metabolized by the [A]. Because fructose metabolism bypasses most regulatory steps in glycolysis, its metabolism tends to favor the synthesis of [B] in the liver. Fructose metabolism also tends to reduce ATP levels which then increases [C] and [D] levels.
liver, fatty acids, AMP, uric acid
True or False Artificial sweetener have been shown conclusive to increase peoples appetites so that they overate and again weight?
False
True or False Studies comparing water to diet soda show that people lose more weight when consuming water between meals rather than artificial sodas.
False
Name for a carbohydrate with 3-10 sugars attached together.
Oligosaccharide
Amylopectin has two types of chemical bonds. What are they (you have to give specific names):
-α 1,4-α 1,6
Acesulfame K
- 200 x sweeter than sucrose passes through body unchanged- Known as Sonnet and Sweet 1- In soda ½ nutrasweet and ½ acesulfame K- Pee it out
What are true about alcohol sugars?
- Have no impact on blood sugar - They do not cause tooth decay - Large amounts cause tooth decay
saccharine
- Pink packet - One of the first artificial sweeteners - Absorbed and peed out
Stevia
- Purified from plant that grows, in tropical areas- Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine- Green packet - Truvia, Purevia, Rebiana
Sucralose
- Yellow packet- Splenda- Sweetener made from sucrose with chlorides attached- Lost in poop because they are not absorbed in the body
Individuals with type two diabetes or those with poor glucose regulation are at risk of
-Cardiovascular disease -Blindness -Kidney Disease
Aspartame
-Composed of two amino acids - Equal, nutrasweett - Broken down during digestion and metabolized in the body
Sorbitol
-Sugar alcohol - Nutritive alcohol - Gives 1.5-2.0 kcal/gm
What are the functions of gluconeogenisis?
-transport nutrients-locomotion-provide energy-producing vital body structure-fluid balance in body-acid/base balance-Immune function-hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters
How many carbons are in a long chain fatty acid?
12 + carbons
How many carbons are in a short chain fatty acid?
2,3,4 carbons
The AMDR for carbohydrate is (be complete
45-65% of calories
How many carbons are in a medium chain fatty acid?
6,8,10 carbons
The recommended amount of added sugar in the diet is less than
<10% of calories
To improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes,
A Mediterranean-style eating plan is recommended
1. Fructose is a (hexose/pentose) and a (d/l) sugar.
Hexose/ D suagr
The least sweet sugar is:
Lactose
Which sweetener is in the yellow packet?
Sucralose "splenda"
The sweetest sugar is:
fructose
Pancreatic hormone that works to raise blood glucose:
glucagon
The process of converting protein into glucose is called
gluconeogensis
1. Sucrose is composed of two monosaccharaides. What are they?
glucose and fructose
1. Lactose is composed of two monosaccharaides. What are they?
glucose and galactose
What food is used as the standard for glycemic index
glucose or white bread
Examples of simple sugars
glucose, fructose, galactose
When amylose is consumed its digestion starts in the mouth, but most of it is broken down in the _____________(locations). Amylose must first be broken down by ______________ (enzyme) which comes from the _______________(organ) to produce many, many _________________ (a substance). This last substance is then broken down by ___________________to finally give many, many _____________ which are absorbed in to the body.
small intestine, amylase, pancreas, disacchnarides, maltase from microvilli, monosacchrides
The major site of carbohydrate digestion and absorption is
the microvilli of small intestine