Nutrition 121, Chapter 6

There are a total of ___ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

11

Proteins supply the body with about ________ kilocalories per gram.

4

Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.

70 x 0.8g = 56 grams

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

Essential amino acid

Amino acids are formed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen.

False

Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance.

False

Consuming protein has no effect on weight loss.

False

Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids?

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon

A _______ protein balance occurs when protein intake exceeds daily protein losses.

Positive

DNA used for protein synthesis is transcribed from a cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm by mRNA.

True

If adequate amounts of essential amino acids are not consumed, a person's health will deteriorate.

True

Vitamin C helps with the absorption of iron.

True

Sickle cell disease occurs when _____ are out of order on a protein.

amino acids

There are 20 ______ which the body combines to form proteins.

amino acids

PKU is caused by

an enzyme insufficiency.

Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine are examples of

branched-chain amino acids and essential amino acids.

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of

cancer, and cardiovascular disease

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ____ code.

genetic

The RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during

infancy and pregancy.

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as _____ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

marasmus

An illness might cause _____ protein because the person would not be consuming adequate amounts of protein.

negative

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential

A____ bond is formed between amino acids in a protein. It is difficult to break, but acids, enzymes and other agents are able to do so, during digestion.

peptide

The liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from _____, which makes it a costly source of calories.

protein

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

pumps ions into and out of cells and serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

The defining characteristic of a nut is that it grows on a _____.

tree.

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

heat and stomach acid

The essential amino acid in lowest concetration in a food or diet relative to body needs is the

limiting amino acid.

Proteins do not supply the body with energy.

False

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

fats and carbohydrates

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat and cholesterol

Which of the following are functions of protein?

-Protein is necessary for fluid balance. -protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use. -Protein is necessary for the visual process.

Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein?

-Protein serves multiple functions in the body -Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair

Proteins serve which of the following functions?

-Synthesis of enzymes and hormones -Aid in blood clotting -Building block for muscles and bone -Maintenance of fluid balance

Step 3 of protein digestion

CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes.

Most plant proteins are examples of complete proteins.

False, its low-quality proteins.

A(n) _______ is part of a plant family with pods that conatin a single row of seeds. EX: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils.

Legume

___ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

Protein

Which of these foods will a vegan eat?

Tofu, watermelon, and vegetable oil.

Step 4 of protein digestion

Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments.

There are nine _____ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

essential

Indispensable amino acid is another term for a(n)

essential amino acid.

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

lack of nutrients, and calorie deficiency

Garden pea, soybeans, and kidney beans are all examples of______; a plant family with pods containing a row of seeds.

legumes

Which of the following are good sources of iron in a vegan diet?

legumes, nuts, and whole grains

Step 1 of protein digestion

Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine.

Step 2 of protein digestion

Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK.

____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

Pepsin

Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissue are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.

True

Proteins serve in the regulation and maintenance of the human body by aiding in blood clotting, fluid balance, and visual processes.

True

Symptoms of PKU can be alleviated with special diet.

True

Reasons people choose to become vegetarians include________.

economics, ethics, religion, and health.

Most foods of plant origin supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

False

Nuts are not considered to ever be a healthy food choice.

False

The protein needs of an infant and preschool age chid are the same as an adult's.

False

The risk of death from Chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians.

False

Which of the following are true about complete protein sources?

Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein and supplies all nine essential amino acids.

Adults need only about 11% of their total protein requirement to be supplied by essential amino acids.

True

Which MyPlate food groups offer rich sources of foods with cancer-fighting antioxidants?

fruits, grains, and vegetables