Nutrition Ch. 12: Global Nutrition

Effects of semi-starvation:

-decreased energy level & strength -poor concentration -reduced immunity

Effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

-iron & zinc deficiency both can lead to poor immune function -ill health that results from nutritional deficiencies can diminish the ability of citizens to perform at peak levels of physical & mental capacity -ppl in poor countries often have greater nutrient requirements for iron b/c they must combat rampant parasite & other infections

Result of undernutrition:

-reduction of activity -blindness from xerophthalmia -iron-deficiency anemia

Programs that address the chronic homelessness in the last decade have resulted in a _______ decline in this population.

30%

What disease has been identified as a disease that significantly contributes to undernutrition in developing nations because it reduces worker productivity and costs so much to treat?

AIDS

True or false: SNAP benefits can be used to purchase alcohol, as long as it will be used in cooking.

FALSE

Primarily the physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food?

Hunger

what program became available to help children who come to school hungry?

School breakfast program

_______________Nutritional Assistance program (___________) is the new name for the Food stamp program.

Supplemental, SNAP

True or false: People are more likely to die from infectious diarrhea if they have been chronically undernourished.

TRUE

True or false: The most promising potential of genetically modified foods today lies within the realm of plant breeding for micronutrients.

TRUE

True or false: the first farmer to improve stock by selectively breeding the best bull with the best cows was implementing biotechnology.

TRUE

WIC stands for?

Women, infants, and children

access

adequate income to purchase food

Region of the world that has the highest prevalence of adult HIV?

africa

Famine

an extreme shortage of food, which leads to massive starvation in a population

What region do the majority of impoverished people live?

asia and africa

What is the most consumed fruit in the United states?

bananas

At what stage of pregnancy is birth considered to be preterm?

because 37 weeks

Racial groups in the United States from highest to lowest poverty rate?

black, hispanic, asian, white

How is HIV transmitted from person to person?

bodily fluids

Sustainable development

concept embraced for its ability to provide economic growth that will reduce poverty, protect the environment, and preserve natural capital

Nutrition security

condition in which there is adequate access to safe and nutritious food

utilization

confidence that the food is safe

The cause of 15 million deaths of children per year is due to?

contaminated water

Which of the following has the largest impact on the spread of infectious diseases in the developing world?

contaminated water

common causes of situational poverty?

death of a wage earner, divorce, and unexpected medical expenses

Older adults are vulnerable to undernutrition because?

declining physical and mental function affects their ability to obtain and prepare food, depression can decrease the drive to eat, and they have fixed incomes

Because of unsustainable farming practice or competing demands for use of the land, the number of farmable acres worldwide___________ each year.

decreases

In the developing world, agricultural production is?

depleting natural resources and not sustainable for long term

Why is poverty increasing in the developing world?

depletion of natural resources, burden of aids, and political and civil unrest

why is poverty increasing in the developing world?

depletion of natural resources, political and civil unrest, and the burden of AIDS

Environmentally unsustainable farming methods are undermining food production especially in?

developing countries

The FDA has ruled that the disclosure of genetically modified food _________ appear on food labels.

does not need to

stability

economic and political factors are stable

The SNAP allows recipients to us an _____________ ________________ ________________(EBT) card to purchase food and garden seeds.

electronic benefit transfer

malnutrition

failing health that results from long-standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs

Impoverished areas with little access to healthy foods have been named?

food deserts

Protein calorie malnutrition?

form of undernutrition caused by deficient intake of calories or protein and generally accompanied by an illness

Most cost-effective intervention strategy?

fortification

The biggest nutritional debate in the United States surround the use of?

genetically modified foods

The increased use fo fertilizers, irrigation, and the development of superior crops, are all technologies involved in what?

green revolution

Don is suffering from malnutrition. What is true of his condition?

he could be suffering from undernutrition or overnutrition

Examples of an input trait added to a crop?

herbicide tolerance, tolerance to drought, and insect and virus protection

events similar to those that cause situational poverty- a medical emergency, death in the family, loss of a job- can lead to?

homelessness

Western Europe has banned _________ due to mistrust of unnatural products.

hormone use in beef ad milk production and genetically modified foods

what are the two most dangerous substances encountered in routine daily living in urban areas of developing countries?

human urine and feces

Potential sources of diseases in urban areas of the developing world?

human urine and feces, insect and rodent infestations, and inability to dispose of dead animals and people killed from civil war

Biotechnology has begun to __________ crop yields on shrinking amounts of farmable land

improve

The long term solution for getting food aid to developing countries is to?

improve infrastructure

examples of green revolution technologies used to improve crop production?

improved cultivation practices and greater use of fertilizer

What is true about semi-starvation?

in the initial stages, physical symptoms are absent and blood tests do not detect metabolic changes and in the absence of clinical symptoms, resistance t disease is diminished as well as a decrease in work and capacity output.

Causes of malnutrition?

inadequate dietary intake and unsatisfactory health

Undernutrition is usually accompanied by which of the following two factors?

inadequate shelter and inadequate sanitation

What is associated with chronic hunger?

increased susceptibility to infection, reduced energy and strength, and impaired ability to learn

HIV infection ___________ daily calorie requirements.

increases

Worldwide hunger is primarily an outcome of?

inequitable distribution of food resources around the world

Jacob is 8 years old and his family experiences food insecurity. He is short for his age and his teacher has recently noticed that Jacob is falling asleep during class and seems unable to concentrate on his tasks. A deficiency in what nutrient is likely at the root of these deficits in growth, physical stamina, and mental ability?

iron

One mineral for which deficiency is a major global public health concern?

iron

What are some issues that keep the homeless from obtaining food assistance?

lack of cooking facilities, food pantries and soup kitchens may not have enough supplies to meet the needs of the communities they serve, and political policies that prohibit individuals or groups from sharing food with the poor or homeless

Two things that almost always contribute to undernutrition in developing countries?

lack of sanitation and inadequate shelter

Who is most likely to benefit from biotechnology in farming?

large farmer

Terry wants to distribute food to the homeless people in his community, what would be the most useful?

loaf of bread and a jar of peanut butter

If a mother is undernourished during pregnancy, her infant is likely to be born with

low birth weight

Eating disorders, alcoholism, problems in nursing home settings, or homelessness are typical causes of ________________ in North America.

malnutrition

How does the problem of malnutrition around the world differ now compared to 30 years ago?

malnutrition 30 years ago was perceived as a technical problem with challenges to produce enough food for a growing population; now, the problem is more related to how to achieve cooperation among and within nations, so that gains in food production and infrastructure might benefit all.

genetic engineering?

manipulation of the genetic makeup of na organism with recombinant DNA technology

Two common forms fo protein-calorie malnutrition?

marasmus and kwashiorkor

What are the most inflexible items in a families budget?

medical care and housing

low income children of school age are eligible for?

national school lunch program

What are some of the significant negative impacts from agriculture practices around the world?

neglect of living and working condition for farm laborers and increasing costs of production

pellagra

niacin deficiency

During which stages is undernutrition particularly devastating?

older age and growing years

The___________ provides federal funding for congregate and home-delivered meals for all US citizens aged 60 or older.

older americans act

what is the most promising of genetically modified foods?

plant breeding for micronutrients

What is true about the relationship between nutrition and immune function?

poor vitamin A status increases susceptibility to infection, zinc and iron are vital for resistance to infectious disease, and diarrheal disease impairs nutritional status.

There are many contributors to malnutrition and hunger; however, one factor stands out among all others. What is the primary cause of malnutrition?

poverty

Goals of AIDS therapy in pregnant women?

prevent perinatal HIV transmission and maximize viral suppression to reduce transmission of HIV to the fetus

sustainable agriculture

principles of maintaining or enhancing the land and natural resources for the long term, social responsibilities of human resources, and consumer health and safety

Nutrients that integrally involved in proper immune functions?

protein, vitamin A, zinc

Areas in which the Peace Corps has helped to improve condition in developing nations are to:

provide food, medical supplies and build structures

Compared to formula feeding, breastfeeding...

provides immunological advantages, is less expensive, and is less likely to transmit foodborne illnesses.

True statements about the universal treatment of AIDS?

providing AIDS drugs to pregnant women is an effective preventative measure that reduces the transmission of HIV to the fetus, there is no vaccine available to prevent AIDS, and the latest antiretroviral drugs can significantly slow the progression of the disease

food insecurity?

quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet is reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household

War can lead to malnutrition because?

roads that are used t transport food may be impassable, damage to the infrastructure disrupts water sanitation, and bombing can leave citizens without homes.

Living conditions present in the urban poor?

self made shelters and overcrowding

Rank groups on food insecurity from the highest to lowest.

single parent households with children, two-parent households with children, and households with children

What crops has genetic engineering been able to modify?

soybeans and corn

physiological symptoms of hunger?

stomach pain and weakness

availability

strong domestic production of food as well as the ability to import food that is not produced in the country

Most widely used strategy?

supplementation

Older adults need nutrient dense diets because?

they must meet micronutrient requirements without exceeding energy requirements

beri beri

thiamin deficiency

Failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that doesn't meet nutritional needs it termed:

undernutrition

What is the most common type of malnutrition in developing countries?

undernutrition

xerophthalmia

vitamin A deficiency

rickets

vitamin d deficiency

The eventual shortage of_________ is projected to increase war and civil unrest in arid areas of the world.

water

Symptoms of AIDS?

weight loss, diarrhea, and lung disease

The school breakfast program was established for children...

who meet certain income guidelines