Nutrition Ch 4 - Carbohydrates
Which of the following statements regarding fiber is TRUE?
Dietary fiber cannot be digested in the human digestive tract.
Which of the following statements is not true about carbohydrate digestion?
Disaccharides like sucrose do not need to be further broken down before being absorbed.
The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar?
Nutri-Grain cereal bar
_______ may be diagnosed if a person has impaired fasting glucose levels that are higher than normal, but not high enough to indicate type 2 diabetes
Prediabetes
____________ is classified as an autoimmune disease, and is most often diagnosed in children 10 to 14 years of age.
Type 1 diabetes
If a food product has an ingredient list of wheat flour, high-fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice, which of the following is true?
Wheat flour is a main ingredient in this product.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Which of the following statements is correct?
sequence they follow from a lower blood glucose level to a normal blood glucose level.
Which of the following statements is correct?
One of the monosaccharides is _____
fructose
Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate?
fructose starch high fructose corn syrup
Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?
galactose
When blood glucose levels drop, which hormone brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels?
glucagon
The body can either use glucose ______ for energy, convert it to glycogen or store it as fat
glucose
Which of the following carbohydrates is an end product of photosynthesis?
glucose
As part of the response to increased blood glucose after a meal, insulin triggers the number of ___________ on the cell membranes in the body to be increased.
glucose transporters
Which of the following sets of foods is correctly grouped from highest to lowest glycemic index?
glucose, white bread, white rice, apple
If there is no immediate demand for glucose, it is stored as __________.
glycogen
Which of the following would be the BEST choice for someone trying to reduce added sugar intake?
half a cup of sliced strawberries
Which of the following is thought to be a health benefit of eating meals that have a low glycemic load?
high fiber intake
Which of the following is a common ingredient in processed foods that would be considered an added sugar?
high-fructose corn syrup
An increase in cortisol levels __________ blood glucose whereas an increase in insulin __________ blood glucose.
increases; decreases
Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and __________.
oxygen
Insulin is produced in and released from the ______
pancreas
Insulin is synthesized and released by the
pancreas
Ana takes her grandparents out to eat every Sunday at their favorite buffet-style restaurant, which offers only a limited selection of vegetables. Which of the following would be the most fiber-rich vegetable option for the diners?
1 cup of cooked broccoli
Which of the following types of bread contains the most fiber?
1 slice of whole-wheat bread
__________ are ethnic groups in which type 2 diabetes is most common.
American Indians/Alaska Natives
Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate.
F
Foods that have more sugars than dietary fiber are not good choices for a healthy eating pattern.
F
Hypoglycemia is seen ONLY in people with type 1 diabetes.
F
It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells.
F
Protection against heart disease is a potential benefit of a diet rich in simple sugar.
F
Research has shown that aspartame promotes the development of Alzheimer's disease.
F
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for carbohydrate is 130 grams a day.
F
Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is true?
Some monosaccharides are absorbed via a form of passive transport, namely facilitated diffusion. Submit
Consuming a high glycemic-index meal can cause a sudden rise in blood glucose levels.
T
What occurs when blood glucose levels rise following the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal?
The beta cells of the pancreas release insulin.
Due to reduced circulation to the limbs, people with diabetes are at an increased risk of tissue death, which can result in _________
amputation
An advantage of eating a high-fiber diet is that __________.
meals high in fiber help to normalize blood sugar levels
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the __________.
mouth
The term complex carbohydrates refers to
polysaccharides
A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
two monosaccharides
Increased age is a risk factor for the disease ___________, which develops progressively over time when insulin is still being produced, but body cells become resistant to it.
type 2 diabetes
Which of the following foods would be most helpful in preventing diverticulosis?
whole grains, vegetables
The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrate for adults 19 years of age and older is __________ grams per day.
130
How many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended for adults 19 years and older?
130 grams
Disaccharides consist of __________ molecules of sugar joined together.
2
The label on a box of granola indicates that it contains 13 grams of added sugars, and 240 Calories per serving. What percent of Calories in a serving comes from added sugars?
22%
One cup of a popular sweetened corn cereal contains 14 grams of added sugars. How many teaspoons of sugar does this amount equal?
3.5
What percentage of an individual's total daily energy intake should come from carbohydrates?
45%-65%
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrate is __________ of total energy intake.
45-65%
Up to what percentage of a person's total energy intake should carbohydrates make up, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
65%
___________ is a key hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels during times of fasting.
Glucagon
What is the role of the hormone glucagon in regulating blood glucose?
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen, to increase blood glucose concentrations.
Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is true?
Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine. Submit
_________ is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles of humans and animals
Glycogen
______ occurs when blood glucose levels drop to lower-than-normal levels.
Hypoglycemia
Mikayla's doctor has suggested that she increase the fiber content of her diet. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mikayla?
Increase fiber intake by taking a fiber supplement each day.
________ is a key hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels after a meal
Insulin
Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?
Insulin stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Insulin is released when blood glucose levels rise. Glucose requires insulin to cross cell membranes.
________ is a strong risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, and is diagnosed if certain criteria are met, including large waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, and unhealthful blood lipid levels.
Metabolic syndrome
Meat is NOT a good dietary source of glycogen. Why?
Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.
-________is a common risk factor that can lead to insulin insensitivity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Fiber is not digested by the human digestive tract.
T
Glycogen is NOT a good source of dietary carbohydrate.
T
It is safe for pregnant women to consume alternative sweeteners in moderate amounts.
T
One tablespoon of honey contains more Calories than one tablespoon of table sugar.
T
Red blood cells can only use glucose for energy.
T
Research has shown that the consumption of high-fructose corn syrup negatively affects metabolism and storage of body fat, thereby increasing the risk for diabetes.
T
Sweetened soft drinks are the most common source of added sugars in the American diet.
T
The acute condition of diverticulitis often requires a low fiber diet until the lining of the colon heals.
T
The liver converts fructose and galactose to glucose.
T
The glycemic index shows the potential of how different foods affect our __________.
blood glucose levels
Nutritive sweeteners contribute __________.
calories
The primary energy source used by the body during intense exercise is
carbohydrate
When you are exercising at maximum effort, this nutrient provides almost 100% of the energy that you need.
carbohydrate
The insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is
cellulose
Ketoacidosis can result in
coma and death
Starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber are examples of
complex carbohydrates
Individuals with which untreated disease are at risk for developing ketoacidosis?
diabetes
Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are examples of this type of carbohydrate.
disaccharides
Non-nutritive sweeteners are so called because they provide little or no __________.
energy
Which of the following has the highest glycemic index value?
instant mashed potatoes
After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?
insulin
Obese people may begin to exhibit _________ as a result of inappropriate accumulation of lipids in the muscle, liver, and beta cells of the pancreas.
insulin insensitivity
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by __________.
insulin resistance
When we don't consume enough carbohydrate, what substances does the body produce as an alternative fuel?
ketones
Fiber is excreted from the __________.
large intestine
2. In response to insulin or glucagon, either glycogenesis or gluconeogenesis, respectively will take place in the _____
liver
After polysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides and disaccharides and are absorbed, they are converted into glucose in the _____.
liver
In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and
liver
An example of a ____________ caused from diabetes is swelling and leaking of blood vessels in the eyes.
microvascular complication
Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar?
milk
The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and in ____
muscles
Which of the following is likely to be the most significant source of fiber in a cereal bar?
rolled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats
Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth?
salivary amylase
Which of the following alternative sweeteners is made from sucrose?
sucralose
Gluconeogenesis is the
synthesis of new glucose from amino acids.
Which of the following foods naturally contain(s) insoluble fibers that increase the bulk of digestive material and draw water into the large intestine, keeping the stools soft and moist?
whole grains, cereals, and fruit