Nutrition Ch. 5

Joy decides to cook dinner with less fat tonight and instead of two tablespoons of butter, she uses one tablespoon on her baked potato. Approximately how many grams of fat did Joy remove from her meal?

12 grams

Which of the following values represents a desirable level of total blood cholesterol in adults?

190 mg/dL

Matt sprays his pan with cooking spray instead of using the two tablespoons of olive oil that he usually sautés his vegetables with. This change reduces the calories from fat in this recipe by approximately ____.

200 calories

One pound of body fat provides _____ calories.

3,500

The American Heart Association recommends a saturated fat intake of ____ of total calories.

5 to 6 percent

An optimal LDL-cholesterol level is ____, while an optimal HDL-cholesterol level is ____.

<70 mg/dL; ≥50 mg/dL

Which factor is associated with lower HDL levels?

Being male, as opposed to being female

What source of lipids should be substituted for saturated fats to help lower blood cholesterol levels?

Canola oil

Which dietary change would be most effective for lowering one's LDL?

Choosing broiled salmon instead of a bacon burger

Which choice would be best in order for Jack to lower his LDL cholesterol without decreasing his HDL cholesterol?

Eat cashews and use olive oil

Because he is now better informed, Jack wants to cook healthier meals. Which recommendation should he avoid?

Have no more than three alcoholic drinks per day.

Which type of lipoprotein transports cholesterol from body cells to the liver?

High-density lipoprotein

Which statement accurately describes Jack's test results?

His HDL is borderline for high risk for CVD.

Which statement best describes a function of cholesterol?

It is an important lipid in the structure of brain and nerve cells.

A sizable body of evidence from around the world suggests that garlic may benefit health by ____.

Lowering blood cholesterol

The most important difference between the typical American diet and the typical Mediterranean diet is that ____.

Mediterraneans eat less saturated fat

Sam and Regina have a two-year old daughter, Keira. Sam wants Keira to follow the same low-fat diet like the one he and Regina follow. What advice would you give these parents?

Monitor Keira's fat intake to include 30 to 40 percent of calories, which is appropriate for children ages one to three.

Which fats decrease LDL-cholesterol without deceasing HDL-cholesterol?

Monounsaturated fat

________ is a noncaloric artificial fat made from fatty acids and sucrose.

Olestra

What factor is associated with the process of atherosclerosis?

Passage through the arteries narrows

Why is it recommended that unprocessed oils be stored in airtight containers?

Points of unsaturation in their molecules are vulnerable to oxidation

Which food has the most grams of saturated fat per serving portion?

Regular cheddar cheese

What food is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Safflower oil

__________ increase(s) both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

Saturated fats and trans fats.

______ was the first fat replacer to gain the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Simplesse

Sue is trying to lose weight by decreasing her energy intake by 500 calories. If she does this for three weeks, how many pounds can she lose?

Three pounds

_________ make up 95 percent of the lipids in foods and in the human body.

Triglycerides

Some studies show that garlic may reduce blood pressure.

True

Unsaturated fats are more prone to going rancid than saturated fats due to the "weak spots" in the unsaturated fatty acid.

True

Bob wants to lower his blood cholesterol. What piece of advice should he ignore?

You should lower your intake of trans fats only, not of other types of fat.

Most solids fats in the American diet come from ________.

animal foods

A characteristic of saturated fats is that they ____.

are usually solid at room temperature

Which food contains cholesterol?

beef liver

Bob knows he needs to take in fewer calories to lose weight. Bob should be aware that ____.

both saturated and unsaturated fats have nine calories per gram

All of the following are important functions of fat in the body except to _________.

build muscle tissue

A high-fiber diet is typically high in dietary cholesterol.

false

Based on a 2,000-calorie diet, the DV for saturated fat is 10 grams.

false

Cholesterol is found in both plant and animal foods.

false

Fat in a meal increases the rate that the stomach empties which helps provide satiety.

false

Foam cells play an important role in preventing heart disease progression.

false

Linoleic and linolenic acids are monounsaturated fatty acids that are essential in the diet.

false

Linolenic acid is one of the fatty acids synthesized by the human body.

false

Long-chain fatty acids are water soluble and travel freely in blood and lymph.

false

Low concentrations of low-density lipoproteins are associated with a high risk of heart attack.

false

Palm and coconut oils are examples of polyunsaturated fats.

false

Regular physical activity is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.

false

The Mediterranean diet provides about 20 to 25 percent of calories from fat.

false

The body has a limited capacity to store fat.

false

The health benefits of olive oil are primarily due to its lower calorie content than other oils.

false

Trans fats are ____.

formed when margarine is hydrogenated

Jack lacks control over which risk factor?

genetics

Fat that enters the small intestine is ____.

immediately emulsified by bile from the gallbladder

Bob read an article about fat and its relationship to health. He learned that ______.

intake of saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol

Chylomicrons are synthesized within the _______.

intestinal cells

You can typically judge the healthfulness of a fat by looking at ________.

its hardness at room temperature

Glycerol and _____ diffuse easily into intestinal cells, which release them into capillaries without further processing.

less lipid

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains ________.

less lipid

what lipid is an essential nutrient

linoleic acid

Heart disease is the major cause of death among women after menopause because ____.

low estrogen levels lower HDL and raise LDL

Health experts advise that you decrease consumption of foods rich in _____ and increase the intake of _____ to achieve a more healthful balance.

omega-6 fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids

As the amount of _____ in a lipoprotein increases, its _____ also increases.

protein; density

The Mediterranean diet is low in _____ while emphasizing ______.

red meats; olive oil

Fats provide _____ by _____.

satiety; slowing stomach emptying

Bob went out to dinner and ordered a steak, French fries, broccoli sautéed in canola oil, sweet tea, and sorbet for dessert. Which food is highest in cholesterol?

steak

____ are the part of the body responsible for sensing blood pressure.

the kidneys

Phospholipids can help fats cross cell membranes because ____.

they have water-soluble heads and fat-soluble tails

Heather notices that her favorite breakfast cereal contains butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Why did the manufacturer add these ingredients?

to keep the oil in the cereal from spoiling

All food fats contain a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

true

Eating more fiber promotes fat and cholesterol excretion.

true

Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

true

Incorporating some fat into one's diet is essential to maintaining good health.

true

Lecithin is a major constituent of cell membranes

true

Lecithin is often used as a food additive to keep the fats evenly dispersed with the other ingredients.

true

Moderate drinking, defined as no more than one drink a day for most women, and no more than two drinks a day for most men, is associated with higher HDL levels.

true

Phytosterols are phytochemicals that block the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine.

true

Prior to menopause, estrogen may protect women from cardiovascular disease.

true

The Dietary Guidelines for saturated fat are the same for children age 2 years and older as they are for adults.

true

The type of fat consumed is more important than the amount of fat consumed.

true

To lower blood cholesterol, an atherogenic diet plan advocates keeping saturated fat to less than five to six percent of daily calories.

true

Vitamin C and vitamin E are natural antioxidants that may be added to foods to increase shelf life.

true

Americans are urged to eat fish at least _____ a week due to its high content of ____.

two times; omega-3 fatty acids