Nutrition Chapter 3

A person in an emergency situation is unable to eat for several weeks. Which of the following would provide the energy that this person would need to survive?

Fat

If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that:

Antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while.

Cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves every:

3 days

Without food to replenish it, the liver's glycogen supply can be depleted within:

3-6 hours

Which of the following delivers one-half ounce of ethanol?

5 oz. of wine. 12 oz. beer

If you do not eat on a regular basis throughout the day, the effect on the body will be:

A coordinated effort to draw stored energy from various parts of the body.

The importance of the lungs in the circulatory system is that they are responsible for:

Adding oxygen to the blood.

Alcohol's effect on nutrition is important because:

Alcohol causes the liver to expel folate into the blood for excretion by the kidneys.

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send " " in amounts matched to the amount of fat present.

Bile

Most people have aversions to " " tastes.

Bitter

The body's circulating fluids is:

Blood Lymph

The nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the:

Brain

Which of the following alerts your conscious mind to the sensation of hunger?

Brain Hormones

Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever?

Brain cells

The bones provide reserves of:

Calcium

Excess nutrients are stored in various body tissues for future use. An example of this would be:

Calcium, which is stored in reserves in the skeletal system.

Which of the following should be consumed at intervals throughout the day?

Carbohydrate-containing foods.

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into:

Glycogen Fat

Which of the following advice would you give to a friend suffering from constipation?

Consume foods with adequate fiber. Drink enough water.

Which of the following strategies should be used by someone experiencing heartburn?

Drink liquids an hour before or after meals. Eat smaller meals.

The blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the:

Lungs

A gene variation in the cells can occasionally cause an inborn error of metabolism. If this is discovered by a healthcare provider, the advice would be to:

Eat a special diet that will minimize its potential harm to the body.

Among the cells' most basic needs are " " and the oxygen with which to burn it.

Energy

You are concerned about a classmate who is binge drinking on a regular basis and want to let him know about long-term complications that may rise from that practice. What would you tell him to try to convince him to cut back on drinking?

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deterioration of skeletal and heart muscle.

The major function of the kidneys is to:

Excrete wastes from the body in urine.

Chewing food for an extended time provides additional advantages to digestion.

False

Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

False

The digestive tract needs " " which provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work.

Fiber

Which of the following determines the nature of the cell's work?

Genes

Hormones are secreted and released into the blood by " "

Glands

A friend of yours is considering drinking one glass of wine a day because she has heard that it may reduce her risk of heart attacks. What information would you provide to her?

In middle-aged populations, taking 1-2 drinks a day may benefit the heart.

When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases:

Insulin

When the colon is not functioning properly, complications that may arise include:

Irritable bowel syndrome caused by stress and lack of physical activity.

Chronic, low-grade inflammation in chronic disease is of interest because:

It foretells of the risk of death from the disease.

Which of the following are characteristics of liver glycogen?

It is stored for the body's ongoing glucose needs. It can be released into the blood as glucose.

Alcohol affects body functions in all of the following ways except:

It slows down the synthesis of fatty acids.

What is the role of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in protecting the body from invading organisms?

Killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity.

As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the:

Large intestine because of the need to partially digest fiber and absorb water.

Which of the following has the special task of chemically altering absorbed materials to make them better suited for use by other tissues?

Liver

Which of the following organs makes almost all of the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

Liver

The condition of inflammation that tissues undergo when they become injured or irritated:

May involve loss of function of the affected body part.

Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, the following problem may still need to be considered:

Moderation is difficult to define because of differences in tolerance among people.

Which of the following cells normally replace themselves once every few years?

Muscle

Cells are related to the nutrients we eat in foods because:

Nutrients can affect how the genes in cells work.

Which of the following is not one of the major storage systems which store and release nutrients to meet the cells' needs between meals?

Pancreas

The digestive juices in the digestive tract include:

Pancreatic juice, which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.

Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of:

Peristalsis waves to move the foods down through digestive tract.

Which of the following are the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

Phagocytes.

The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient?

Protein

Glycogen is stored in the body for the future use. If it is drawn upon it will:

Provide energy for cell activities during extended between-meal intervals.

During the fight-or-flight reaction to stress the nervous system reacts by:

Releasing stored glucose from the liver.

The main purpose of the kidneys in the body is to:

Remove everyday wastes and water from the body.

When given a choice between tasting a snack of cookies, potato chips, r dill pickles, most people would:

Select the cookies because of our preference for sweet tastes.

Cells can best be described as:

Self-containing living entities.

In cases of severe under nutrition, the small intestine will react by:

Shrinking to a much smaller surface.

The vast majority of fat digestion takes place in the:

Small intestine with lipases released by the gallbladder.

The primary organ of digestion and absorption is the:

Small intestine.

Digestion of macronutrients begins in the mouth with enzyme action on:

Starches by designated carbohydrases. Fats by designated lipases.

Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?

T-cells

Which of the following would occur in a malnourished child?

The absorptive surface of the small intestine would shrink.

A person can eat when hunger is absent because:

The conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals.

Which of the following does not occur as the part of the stress response?

The digestive system speeds up.

What are the major roles of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine.

The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

A person can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if:

The stomach is empty

As the villi in the small intestine are exposed to nutrients:

They will preferentially absorb a greater percentage of deficient nutrients.

Which of the following restores sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol?

Time

Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of meals?

Timing of meals is important to feeling well.

Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by:

Transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues.

The purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to:

Trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells.

Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.

True

Cells are organized into tissues that perform specialized tasks and tissues, in turn, are grouped together to form whole organs.

True

Some nutrients are stored in the body in much smaller quantities than others are.

True

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

True

The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy and the essential nutrients, including:

Water