Nutrition Theory Exam 1
List one reason some individuals feel that diets based on individualized genetic testing will not significantly improve public health.
Diets based on individualized genetic testing will be very expensive.
Video Fluoroscopy can ONLY evaluate an individuals' ability to swallow liquids safely.
False
Review the Debate Box on page 87 of your text book. Using the ingredient lists shown for French fries and onion rings, which would be a better choice for someone with celiac disease or non celiac gluten sensitivity?
French fries
Tend to be lower than recommended in American Diets
Fruits Vegetables Oils
List one reason some people believe individualized diet plans based on genetic analysis will benefit public health.
Individualized diets based on genetic testing will lower the chance of chronic disease
Where does newly absorbed glucose go after it leaves intestinal cells?
It enters the capillaries in the villi and goes to the liver
Colon cleansing is an ancient practice. Today, is used as a preparation for colonoscopy and colon surgery, but most physicians do not recommend it for other reasons. Read this short article from WebMD to answer the question: https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/natural-colon-cleansing-is-it-necessary#1 (Links to an external site.) Why don't most physicians recommend colon cleansing to their patients? (Select all that apply.)
It is based on a disproven theory Evidence is limited and there is no good evidence for most of the benefits claimed for this practice It has some risks
Next to the numbers 1 - 7, show the order of the structures that food or chyme passes through as it is processed by the body.
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus
Using the picture below, identify which enzymes or action are working in each part of the digestive system to digest the carbohydrates:
Mouth-salivary amylase Small Intestine- pancreatic amylase and intestinal sucrase and lactase Large Intestine- resistant starch fermented by microbes Stomach- not much carbohydrate digestion
Video Fluoroscopy can evaluate all three phases of swallowing, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.
True
What is the MeSH term for a wheat allergy?
Wheat Hypersensitivity
Which occurs first after a well nourished person begins consuming an inadequate amount of a nutrient?
decreased stores and tissue levels
In cellular respiration (energy metabolism), the high energy electrons released during the citric acid or krebs cycle are delivered to the next major step in the process which a series of reactions called _________.
electron transport chain
Fructose may be absorbed by binding to a transporter in the intestinal cell membrane and moving into the cell without the expense of ATP. This type of transport is called...
facilitated diffusion
True of false? Individuals with swallowing difficulty should be given thin liquids, as they are easily swallowed.
false
True or false, fiber can be digested by human enzymes.
false
After months of taking a high-dose vitamin C supplement, the level of vitamin C in Karen's cells has been maximized and her intestinal cells have begun making fewer transporters so she absorbs a lower percent of the vitamin C that she consumes. As a result of this adaptation to a high intake, how will the excess vitamin C in her supplement be excreted?
feces
sucrose
glucose + fructose
lactose
glucose + galactose
maltose
glucose + glucose
Using the image in the notes and Figure 4.1 in the textbook (page 107), which food groups from MyPlate contain the main sources of carbohydrates? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
grains dairy(milk & yogurt) fruit vegetables protein foods (plant based proteins)
In MyPlate, 2 cups of raw leafy greens counts as ________ of vegetables.
1 cup
A serving of hot chocolate provides 5 grams of fat, 2 grams of protein and 28 grams of carbohydrate. How many kcalories are in the serving of hot chocolate?
165kcal
What is the life span of an intestinal mucosal cell?
2-5 days
For a 2000 kcal diet, how many ounces of grains does MyPlate recommended per day?
6
Look at the nutrition facts panel for a 10 fluid ounce bottle of Stonyfield Organic Low Fat Strawberry Smoothie at the web site below: https://www.stonyfield.com/products/yogurt/smoothies/strawberry (Links to an external site.) What percent of the calories in this smoothie come from carbohydrate?
62%
Look up ketogenic diet in MeSH. What percent of the calories in a ketogenic diet come from fats?
80-90
Prebiotics and Probiotics are 2 different components of diet that contribute to maintaining a healthy Microbiota. Using what you have read in the text, and the following links from the Cleveland Clinic and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, identify which of the following meals would contain BOTH pre & probiotics. (Select all that apply.)
Active culture yogurt with a banana Kimchi on brown rice sauerkraut with ham and beans
Which of the following DRIs is the lowest amount of a nutrient which would be enough to meet the requirements of almost all of the people in a particular age-gender group?
RDA
One of the key words for this article is prospective. What does this term prospective study mean? (You can look this up in MeSH if you can't remember.)
Researchers follow a group of people over time
Use Table 2.1 in your textbook to answer this question. Which of the following are nutrients recommended to be limited a healthy eating pattern? Select all that apply.
Saturated fats and trans fats added sugars sodium alcohol
The Glycemic Index is the overall rise in blood glucose after consuming....
The amount of a food which provides 50 grams of carbohydrate
Use the DRIs to answer this question. Rob is an apparantly healthy 25 year old male who is consuming an average of 0.8 mg Thiamine per day. This intake is likely
Too low
When adequate oxygen is available, the pyruvate which results from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA which enters the electron transport chain .
acetyl CoA citric acid cycle
Which of the following is made by the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)
bicarbonate amylase insulin
The enzymes for digesting sugars are made by the...
cells of the small intestine
physical signs/symptoms
changes in physical functioning with clinical signs or symptoms present
home of microbiota
colon (large intestine)
absorption of water
colon(large intestine)
Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint in the US. Which of the following are recommendations for preventing or treating constipation?
consume adequate amount of fluid consume adequate amount of dietary fiber
Inadequate Intake
decreased nutrient absorption, digestion or increased needs/losses
The choice or exchange lists of the American Diabetes food grouping system are based on...... (select all that apply.)
grams of carbohydrate grams of protein grams of fat
The lifestyle factors which put adults at risk of developing constipation are...
inadequate fiber intake, inadequate physical activity, inadequate fluid intake
What is the MeSH term for the flu?
influenza, human
When enteral feeding is used, the feeding solution is going....
into the stomach or small intestine
A nutrient dense food has a lot of nutrients relative to...
kcal
bile creation
liver
What is the main function of the stomach?
mixing and storage
initial mashing and moistening of food
mouth
What is the MeSH term for cancer?
neoplasms
Altered lab values
nutrient dependent functions in the body change enough to be able to be identified on testing of blood, urine, etc.
Decreased storage nutrient
nutrients are taken from tissues supply to maintain normal body functions
Which is more nutrient dense for calcium (orange vs orange juice)
orange
secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate
pancreas
3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, illium
small intestine
absorption of most nutrients
small intestine
large surface area due to villi and microvilli
small intestine
In the colon, microorganisms metabolize soluble fiber and create _________, which can be absorbed and used by the human host. (Select all that apply.)
some vitamins small fatty acids/gasses
Mixing and storage of food
stomach
The claims 'boosts the immune system" and "supports breast, prostate, cardiovascular, vision, skin & colon health are what type of claim?
structure function claim authorized health claims: based on significant scientific agreement
Top 2 reasons American consumers list for their food choices
taste price
Use the"off the label" activity on page 51 of your textbook to answer this question. Using the FDA regulations, for which nutrients could the Natural Granola be labeled a "good source of"? (Select all that apply.)
total fat saturated fat dietary fiber
On a the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label, the ingredients are list in order from high to low by...
weight
A food allergy is the result of an immune system reaction to molecule (usually a protein) in a food. Which of the following are among the 8 most common human food allergens? (Select all that apply.)
wheat egg tree nuts fish soy