Nutrition Theory Exam 1

List one reason some individuals feel that diets based on individualized genetic testing will not significantly improve public health.

Diets based on individualized genetic testing will be very expensive.

Video Fluoroscopy can ONLY evaluate an individuals' ability to swallow liquids safely.

False

Review the Debate Box on page 87 of your text book. Using the ingredient lists shown for French fries and onion rings, which would be a better choice for someone with celiac disease or non celiac gluten sensitivity?

French fries

Tend to be lower than recommended in American Diets

Fruits Vegetables Oils

List one reason some people believe individualized diet plans based on genetic analysis will benefit public health.

Individualized diets based on genetic testing will lower the chance of chronic disease

Where does newly absorbed glucose go after it leaves intestinal cells?

It enters the capillaries in the villi and goes to the liver

Colon cleansing is an ancient practice. Today, is used as a preparation for colonoscopy and colon surgery, but most physicians do not recommend it for other reasons. Read this short article from WebMD to answer the question: https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/natural-colon-cleansing-is-it-necessary#1 (Links to an external site.) Why don't most physicians recommend colon cleansing to their patients? (Select all that apply.)

It is based on a disproven theory Evidence is limited and there is no good evidence for most of the benefits claimed for this practice It has some risks

Next to the numbers 1 - 7, show the order of the structures that food or chyme passes through as it is processed by the body.

Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus

Using the picture below, identify which enzymes or action are working in each part of the digestive system to digest the carbohydrates:

Mouth-salivary amylase Small Intestine- pancreatic amylase and intestinal sucrase and lactase Large Intestine- resistant starch fermented by microbes Stomach- not much carbohydrate digestion

Video Fluoroscopy can evaluate all three phases of swallowing, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.

True

What is the MeSH term for a wheat allergy?

Wheat Hypersensitivity

Which occurs first after a well nourished person begins consuming an inadequate amount of a nutrient?

decreased stores and tissue levels

In cellular respiration (energy metabolism), the high energy electrons released during the citric acid or krebs cycle are delivered to the next major step in the process which a series of reactions called _________.

electron transport chain

Fructose may be absorbed by binding to a transporter in the intestinal cell membrane and moving into the cell without the expense of ATP. This type of transport is called...

facilitated diffusion

True of false? Individuals with swallowing difficulty should be given thin liquids, as they are easily swallowed.

false

True or false, fiber can be digested by human enzymes.

false

After months of taking a high-dose vitamin C supplement, the level of vitamin C in Karen's cells has been maximized and her intestinal cells have begun making fewer transporters so she absorbs a lower percent of the vitamin C that she consumes. As a result of this adaptation to a high intake, how will the excess vitamin C in her supplement be excreted?

feces

sucrose

glucose + fructose

lactose

glucose + galactose

maltose

glucose + glucose

Using the image in the notes and Figure 4.1 in the textbook (page 107), which food groups from MyPlate contain the main sources of carbohydrates? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

grains dairy(milk & yogurt) fruit vegetables protein foods (plant based proteins)

In MyPlate, 2 cups of raw leafy greens counts as ________ of vegetables.

1 cup

A serving of hot chocolate provides 5 grams of fat, 2 grams of protein and 28 grams of carbohydrate. How many kcalories are in the serving of hot chocolate?

165kcal

What is the life span of an intestinal mucosal cell?

2-5 days

For a 2000 kcal diet, how many ounces of grains does MyPlate recommended per day?

6

Look at the nutrition facts panel for a 10 fluid ounce bottle of Stonyfield Organic Low Fat Strawberry Smoothie at the web site below: https://www.stonyfield.com/products/yogurt/smoothies/strawberry (Links to an external site.) What percent of the calories in this smoothie come from carbohydrate?

62%

Look up ketogenic diet in MeSH. What percent of the calories in a ketogenic diet come from fats?

80-90

Prebiotics and Probiotics are 2 different components of diet that contribute to maintaining a healthy Microbiota. Using what you have read in the text, and the following links from the Cleveland Clinic and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, identify which of the following meals would contain BOTH pre & probiotics. (Select all that apply.)

Active culture yogurt with a banana Kimchi on brown rice sauerkraut with ham and beans

Which of the following DRIs is the lowest amount of a nutrient which would be enough to meet the requirements of almost all of the people in a particular age-gender group?

RDA

One of the key words for this article is prospective. What does this term prospective study mean? (You can look this up in MeSH if you can't remember.)

Researchers follow a group of people over time

Use Table 2.1 in your textbook to answer this question. Which of the following are nutrients recommended to be limited a healthy eating pattern? Select all that apply.

Saturated fats and trans fats added sugars sodium alcohol

The Glycemic Index is the overall rise in blood glucose after consuming....

The amount of a food which provides 50 grams of carbohydrate

Use the DRIs to answer this question. Rob is an apparantly healthy 25 year old male who is consuming an average of 0.8 mg Thiamine per day. This intake is likely

Too low

When adequate oxygen is available, the pyruvate which results from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA which enters the electron transport chain .

acetyl CoA citric acid cycle

Which of the following is made by the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)

bicarbonate amylase insulin

The enzymes for digesting sugars are made by the...

cells of the small intestine

physical signs/symptoms

changes in physical functioning with clinical signs or symptoms present

home of microbiota

colon (large intestine)

absorption of water

colon(large intestine)

Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint in the US. Which of the following are recommendations for preventing or treating constipation?

consume adequate amount of fluid consume adequate amount of dietary fiber

Inadequate Intake

decreased nutrient absorption, digestion or increased needs/losses

The choice or exchange lists of the American Diabetes food grouping system are based on...... (select all that apply.)

grams of carbohydrate grams of protein grams of fat

The lifestyle factors which put adults at risk of developing constipation are...

inadequate fiber intake, inadequate physical activity, inadequate fluid intake

What is the MeSH term for the flu?

influenza, human

When enteral feeding is used, the feeding solution is going....

into the stomach or small intestine

A nutrient dense food has a lot of nutrients relative to...

kcal

bile creation

liver

What is the main function of the stomach?

mixing and storage

initial mashing and moistening of food

mouth

What is the MeSH term for cancer?

neoplasms

Altered lab values

nutrient dependent functions in the body change enough to be able to be identified on testing of blood, urine, etc.

Decreased storage nutrient

nutrients are taken from tissues supply to maintain normal body functions

Which is more nutrient dense for calcium (orange vs orange juice)

orange

secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate

pancreas

3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, illium

small intestine

absorption of most nutrients

small intestine

large surface area due to villi and microvilli

small intestine

In the colon, microorganisms metabolize soluble fiber and create _________, which can be absorbed and used by the human host. (Select all that apply.)

some vitamins small fatty acids/gasses

Mixing and storage of food

stomach

The claims 'boosts the immune system" and "supports breast, prostate, cardiovascular, vision, skin & colon health are what type of claim?

structure function claim authorized health claims: based on significant scientific agreement

Top 2 reasons American consumers list for their food choices

taste price

Use the"off the label" activity on page 51 of your textbook to answer this question. Using the FDA regulations, for which nutrients could the Natural Granola be labeled a "good source of"? (Select all that apply.)

total fat saturated fat dietary fiber

On a the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label, the ingredients are list in order from high to low by...

weight

A food allergy is the result of an immune system reaction to molecule (usually a protein) in a food. Which of the following are among the 8 most common human food allergens? (Select all that apply.)

wheat egg tree nuts fish soy