OB chapter 3-individual differences and emotions

The ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments.

practical intelligence

a belief about your chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.

self-efficacy

The dark side of personality: _______: Having a grandiose sense of self-importance; requiring or even demanding excessive admiration; having a sense of entitlement; lacking empathy; and tending to be exploitative, manipulative, and arrogant. _______: A lack of guilt, remorse or concern for others when their own actions do others harm. _________: A belief that the ends justify the means, maintenance of emotional distance, and use of manipulation

1. narcissism 2. psychopathy 3. Machiavellianism

The dark side of personality -There are 3 individual differences that are universally considered undesirable, as they negatively outcomes across individual, group, and organizational levels:

-narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism.

Workplace personality tests: -Personality testing is fairly common. Most personality tests (are or are not?) valid predictors of job performance. Here's why: -Test takers (do or do no?) describe themselves accurately (_____). •Tests are bought off the _____ and given by ______ employees. •Personality tests are meant to measure personality, not what ______ ______ are needed to perform a particular job.

-are not -Test takers do not describe themselves accurately (faking). •Tests are bought off the shelf and given by untrained employees. •Personality tests are meant to measure personality, not what individual differences are needed to perform a particular job.

________ describes how much personal responsibility someone takes for their behavior and its consequences. -has two forms:

-locus of control -has internal and external forms

Both _____ and _____ competence are important for managers when assessing their own emotional intelligence.

-personal and social

Personality and performance: -The strongest effects result when both you and your manager have _____ personalities. _________ has the strongest and most positive effects on performance across jobs, industries, and levels. _______ is beneficial if the job involves interpersonal interaction and is a stronger predictor of job performance than _______. Those higher on ______ are more likely to stay with their jobs and openness is related to higher turnover.

-proactive -Conscientiousness -extroversion, agreeableness -agreeableness

_______ is a general belief about your self-worth. It is relatively stable across your lifetime. can it be improved?

-self-esteem -yes, it can be improved

Personality -it is relatively ____ across situations -it combines characteristics that give people unique _____ -results from the interaction of _____ and the _____ -is it comprised of constantly changing characteristics?

-stable -unique identities -results from the interaction of genes and the environment -no. although a personality may change over time by including a different mix of characteristics, the characteristics themselves do not change.

Managing emotions at work 1. Anger -People are angry about what happened or did not happen in the _____. -Anger is a "______-looking" or ______ emotion. 2. fear -People are afraid of things that might happen in the _____. -Fear is a "_____-looking" or _____ emotion.

1. the past -backward-looking, retrospective 2. future -forward-looking, prospective

what percentage of individual differences are determined by genetics? the environment?

50/50

Which personality trait has the strongest and most positive effect on performance?

Conscientiousness

_______: A broad personality trait comprised of four narrow and positive individual traits. What are they? 1. Generalized _______ 2. Self _____. 3. Locus of ______. 4. Emotional ______.

Core self-evaluations 1. Generalized self-efficacy. 2. Self esteem. 3. Locus of control. 4. Emotional stability.

Which statement about the prevalence of introversion is true? Multiple choice question. Everyone has some amount of introversion. Around half of all people have some amount of introversion. Only a very small percentage of the population is considered introverted. Introversion is an imaginary personality trait that does not really exist in anyone.

Everyone has some amount of introversion.

Why do critics suggest that IQ tests are not a reliable predictor of performance? 1. IQ tests measure only emotional intelligence, which does not have a clear link to performance. 2. IQ tests are provided only to those who have exhibited poor performance in the past. 3. IQ tests measure things taught in school rather than innate intelligence or ability. 4. IQ tests are given to children at an age where their intelligence is still developing.

IQ tests measure things taught in school rather than innate intelligence or ability.

Which statements about emotional intelligence are true? select all that apply. It can make or break an individual in a given job. It has been proven by research to always make one a more effective employee. It has minimal impact on a person's performance in a job or larger career. Research on its effectiveness shows mixed results.

It can make or break an individual in a given job. Research on its effectiveness shows mixed results.

Which statement is true of emotion display norms in an organization? Multiple choice question. 1. They require members to avoid displaying any emotions during work hours. 2. They allow people to openly display their felt emotions without fear of ridicule. 3. They determine which emotions members should show in various situations. 4. They are unwise because they lead to a feeling of mistrust and deceit.

They determine which emotions members should show in various situations.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (8): Linguistic Logical mathematical Musical Bodily kinesthetic Spatial Interpersonal Intrapersonal naturalist

^

Narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism are _____. 1. all associated with extremely high levels of emotional intelligence 2. called the Golden Triad because they positively affect outcomes for individuals and groups 3. all clinically considered to be personality disorders 4. all considered undesirable because they negatively affect outcomes

all considered undesirable because they negatively affect outcomes

Which of the following are true concerning using personality tests in the workplace? select all that apply. Testing should be entered with no predetermined idea of what to accomplish until the results are in. There should be independent research validating the effectiveness of the test. It is helpful to use experts outside the company to help select an appropriate test. It is critical to make sure the test is legally sound and does not violate applicants' right

all except 1st

Which of the following statements are true about emotions? select all the apply 1. Emotions communicate messages to others. 2. Emotions change very slowly. 3. Emotions can motivate behavior. 4. Emotions can change psychological states.

all except 2

Which of the following behaviors have been shown by research to improve intelligence? select all that apply. Multiple select question. Constructive thinking Emotional displays Reasoning Problem solving

all except emotional displays

Which of the following outcomes are associated with higher levels of emotional stability? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. 1. Higher levels of job performance 2. Increased likelihood of doing work beyond required job responsibilities 3. Increased counterproductive work behaviors 4. Increased relaxation

all except increased counterproductive work behaviors

Which of the following are true concerning the search for employees with the right personality type? Multiple select question. 1. Employers should try to find a fit for an employee's personality. 2. There is no ideal personality profile. 3. One personality does not fit all jobs. 4. Managers should avoid using a contingency approach to hiring.

all except last

Which of the following characterize people with proactive personalities? Multiple select question. They increase the supportiveness of their supervisors. They are more satisfied in their retirement. They are able to take more control of their jobs. They require close supervision and guidance.

all except last

Check all of the following statements that are true of liking and fit. 1. Most people evaluate a person's personality by whether or not they like them. 2. They are not particularly beneficial for managers. 3. They are not precise enough to have real value in management. 4. if managers hire people they like, performance will be high.

all except last one

Which employee factors are important for managers to understand in order to create a productive and satisfying person-job fit? (Check all that apply.) personal relationships potential abilities personality traits

all except personal relationships

Which of the following are benefits of high emotional intelligence? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. 1. Greatly improved cognitive ability 2. Ability to apply positive emotions to work 3. Greater level of teamwork 4. Increased creativity

all except the first reason: EI does not have a significant relationship to cognitive ability.

Emotional intelligence has been shown to ______. 1. have a strong relationship with cognitive ability 2. have a weak relationship with conscientiousness 3. be associated with increased well-being and satisfaction 4. be linked with weak social relationships

be associated with increased well-being and satisfaction

A person's intelligence 1. cannot be decreased. 2. can be increased. 3. is completely genetic. 4. is completely learned.

can be increased

Rules that dictate which types of emotions are expected and appropriate at a given time are:

emotion display norms

The ability to monitor your own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is: what are the elements? (4)

emotional intelligence 1. self-awareness 2. self-management 3. relationship management 4. social-awareness

Tendency to be relaxed, secure, unworried, and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure:

emotional stability

Complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target such as a person, information, experience, event, or nonevent are: -they can change our ________ and _______ states. -There are both positive and negative, or mixed emotions plus past versus future emotions.

emotions -psychological and physiological states.

5 personality traits:

extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness

the 5 personality traits description: extraversion: (4) agreeableness: (4) conscientious: (4) emotional stability: (3) openness: (4)

extraversion: outgoing, talkative, social, assertive agreeableness: trusting, good-natured, cooperative, soft-hearted conscientious: dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent emotional stability: relaxed, secure, unworried openness: intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

True or false: You must be born with self-efficacy.

false. Reason: Self-efficacy can be developed.

Managers should hire and test for workers who posses traits that are relatively Multiple choice question. common. flexible. easy to change. fixed.

fixed

individual differences are determined by: (2)

genetics and the environment

Which emotions are considered goal incongruent? (3)

guilt anxiety jealousy

The term ______ is used to collectively describe people's traits and behaviors that are influenced by genetics and environment. They describe each of us as a person. 1. emotional intelligence 2. self-esteem 3. individual differences 4. cognitive abilities

individual differences

An individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving is called _____.

intelligence

Viewing personality in terms of liking and fit 1. is a highly effective way to choose personnel. 2. ensure a team is comprised of the best possible members. 3. is not an effective perspective for management. 4. reduces the tension involved in completing project deadlines.

liking and fit is not an effective perspective for management.

People with proactive personalities 1. decrease the supportiveness of their managers. 2. make efforts to change and improve things around them. 3. tend to keep ideas to themselves unless they are prodded. 4. rarely have the determination to see long projects through to completion.

make efforts to change and improve things around them.

How Does Who I Am Affect My Performance? -We all differ along a vast number of _____ ______ How we differ has been shown to influence how we approach each of the following: (4)

personal attributes. -work, solving problems, conflict, and interactions with coworkers.

The combination of stable physical, behavioral and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities is called:

personality

Extroversion has been found to ______. 1. have a more positive influence on job performance than conscientiousness 2. predict job performance better than agreeableness 3. decrease success in leadership positions 4. be less of an indicator of success than agreeableness

predict job performance better than agreeableness -it's not the first one because of all the dimensions of personality, conscientiousness has the most positive effect on job performance.

someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who affects environmental change. You're someone who identifies opportunities and acts on them. -what are the benefits of this personality? (4)

proactive personality benefits: -Increased job performance -Higher job satisfaction -Higher affective commitment -Entrepreneurial

True or false: Intelligence and mental abilities are related to performance

true reason: Understanding intelligence and mental abilities allows managers to manage people more effectively

True or false: At a certain level emotional stability becomes problematic.

true reason: people with too much emotional stability begin to obsess over details and lose sight of larger objectives.