OB final

what is the mean diameter of a dominant follicular cyst at the time of ovulation ?

25mm

a color image of the cord around the bladder proves _________

3 vessel cord

when should we see evidence of an IUP transabdominally using IRP standard ?

3600

what is the normal measurement of the normal adult ovaries ?

3x3x2cm

with a normal intrauterine pregnancy, hCG should double every:

48 hours

the endometrial lining in postmenopausal women NOT on hormone replacement therapy should be less than

5mm

when should we be able to detect FHR during a transabdominal scan ?

7 weeks

all of the following are associated with polyhydramnios except:

DRIP

the paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the:

Mullerian ducts

what is the membrane called that surrounds the fetus or embryo ?

amnion

the uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes:

anteflexion

the uterus is located _______ to the rectum

anterior

which of the following correctly measures endometrial thickness ?

anterior-posterior dimension in sagittal plane

which of the following structures implants into the endometrium ?

blastocyst

BhCG can be found in several biological fluids....

blood, urine and amniotic fluid

which of the following is the first system to function in the developing embryo ?

cardiovascular

on the ultrasound screen on a transvaginal image at the very top, what part of the body does this represent in sagittal plane ?

caudal

a hyperechoic focus within a mature follicle most likely represents a:

cumulus

the ______ eventually develops into the maternal portion of the placenta

decidua basalis

the mean sac diameter measures gestational age before visualization of the:

embryo

of the following, which is not considered a functional or physiological cyst ?

endometrial

oligohydramnios refers to too much amniotic fluid

false *oligo = low

the dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:

graafian follicle

what does gravida mean ?

how many times pregnant

when measuring the mean sac diameter, the calipers should be placed from the:

inner wall to inner wall

what segment of the fallopian tube connects with the uterus ?

interstitial

the secondary yolk sac:

is located in the chorionic cavity

the amniotic fluid is produced by the fetal:

kidneys

the left ovarian vein drains directly into the:

left renal vein

indications for a small placenta may include all of the following except ________

maternal diabetes

chorionic villi are more prolific:

near the implantation site

all of the following are reasons a mother might measure LGA EXCEPT:

oligohydramnios

mittleschmerz is associated with:

ovulation

what is the most commonly visualized pelvic muscle that is often mistaken for an ovary ?

piriformis muscle

which muscle group in the pelvis is adjacent to the ovaries ?

piriformis muscles

There are three peritoneal spaces in the pelvic cavity

posterior cul-de-sac, anterior cul-de-sac, and prevesical space

functions of the placenta include all of the following except ?

protects the baby from trauma

amniotic fluid that falls below normal levels for gestational age is termed oligohydramnios

true

in premenarche, the size of the uterine cervix is expected to be:

twice as large as the corpus

what area of the embryo attaches to the amnion ?

umbilical insertion

which area of the embryo attaches to the amnion ?

umbilical insertion

a gartner's duct cyst is found within the:

vagina

the inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the:

external os

what are the effects of oligohydramnios ?

facial deformities, limb/skeletal deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia, and cord compression

an IUP within the right horn of a bicornuate uterus is considered an ectopic pregnancy

false

in visualizing the fetal spine transversely, one should see two anterior and one posterior ossification center

false *fetal spine will look like a birdhouse

the vesicouterine pouch is the peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and rectum

false *located between the bladder and uterus

polyhydramnios refers to low amniotic fluid

false *poly = too much

which ligament is NOT a true ligament ?

mediatubal ligament

the fetal heart should occupy ______ of the fetal chest

1/3

the term embryo is used to describe a developing zygote through the:

10th gestational week

fetal intestines should not be seen outside of the fetal abdomen after _______weeks gestation

12 weeks

when does the second trimester begin ?

13 weeks

when should the amnion and chorion be fused ?

14 weeks

fetal kidneys should be routinely visualized after:

16 weeks

the placenta can lose ______ % of surface and still function

30

what produces amniotic fluid in the 1st trimester ?

amnion

which of the following lines the chorion and contains the fetus ?

amnion

In what portion of the fallopian tube does fertilization usually occur ?

ampulla

which of the following cranial structures is situated toward the anterior aspect of the head ?

cavum septi pellucidi

on the ultrasound screen on a transvaginal image towards the very bottom, what part of the body does this represent in sagittal plane ?

cephalic

the region between the isthmus of the uterus and the vagina is the:

cervix

the crucial triangle includes:

cervix, maternal bladder, and sacral prominence

the placenta develops from the _______ ?

chorion

what is the name of endometrial layer that is on the maternal side ?

decidua basalis

a simple cyst may exhibit all of the following EXCEPT

distal acoustic shadows

how do you tell there is a normal IUP ?

double decidual ring

the true pelvis is the inferior portion of the pelvic that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum

false

the maternal portion of the placenta constitutes 30% of placenta weight

false *20%

a solid mass of cells formed by the proliferation of a fertilized ovum is termed the:

morula

which of the following structures produces estrogen ?

ovarian follicle

where are the ovaries normally located ?

ovarian fossa

congenital abnormalities of the uterus result from improper fusion of which of the following structures ?

paramesonephric ducts "Mullerian ducts"

a pregnant patient who becomes faint and nauseous during the sonogram is experiencing:

supine hypotensive syndrome

during the secretory phase, the endometrium appears

thickened and echogenic

during the periovulatory phase, the endometrium appears

thickened and hypoechoic medially with an echogenic basal layer

during the early proliferation phase, the endometrium appears

thin, echogenic line, 4-8mm

amniotic fluid volume that falls below normal levels for gestational age is termed oligohydramnios

true

partial fusion of the caudal mullerian ducts will most likely result in an anomaly of the:

uterus

the uterine arteries are branches off the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the:

uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

the choroid plexus of the brain sits inside the:

ventricles

the anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the:

vesicouterine pouch

this structure is located in the chorionic cavity. its the earliest visualized structure in the gestational sac. its used as a landmark to locate the embryonic disc and early cardiac activity

yolk sac

what makes up the double bleb sign ?

yolk sac and the amnion

the chorionic cavity should no longer be visible after how many gestational weeks ?

16 weeks

the placenta edge should be at least ____ cm from the internal cervical os

2.0 cm

using SIS, we should see an IUP transvaginally with which level ?

550

the endometrial lining in postmenopausal women on the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should measure less than

8mm

the widest portion of the uterus is the:

corpus

normal human chorionic gonadotrophin levels should:

double every 30 to 48 hours

gestational weeks 6 through 10 constitutes the:

embryonic phase

chorion frondosum interweaves with the decidua basalis and erodes the ______

endometrium

the endometrium is thickest during the endometrial phase

false

the uterus and ovaries develop with the kidneys in the pelvis

false

the fetal heart sits at a 45 degree angle to the right

false *fetal heart should always point to the left

the abdominal circumference is taken at the level of the cord insertion into the fetal abdomen

false *taken at level of fetal stomach and umbilical vein

you should never use color doppler when measuring a pocket of amniotic fluid

false *you should to ensure there is no cord

which of the following hormones reflects the activity of the ovaries ?

follicle stimulating hormone

the space seen between the two atria of the fetal heart is called:

foramen ovale

what is the importance of amniotic fluid ?

protection from trauma/infection, temperature maintenance, electrolyte regulation, lung development, and allows fetal movement

an avascular area of the decidua capsularis develops into the ________

smooth chorion

the inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the:

endometrium

fetal gender cant be reliably differentiated with ultrasound until after 16 weeks

true

progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum cyst

true

the BPD & head circumference should be taken at the level of the thalami

true

amniotic fluid is composed primarily of:

urea

what connects the yolk sac to the digestive tube ?

vitteline duct

hyperstimulation of the ovaries will likely result in:

theca lutein cysts

which of the following statements is NOT true of the umbilical cord ?

there are two veins and one artery

the proper term for the complete duplication of the uterus is didelphys

true *also called bicornis/bicollis

oxygenated blood is carried to the fetus via the:

umbilical vein

which one of the following is NOT part of the adnexa ?

urinary bladder

the portion of the chorionic wall related to the placenta is called the _______

chorionic plate

hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called:

cilia

which is the most accurate method for measuring gestational age ?

crown rump length

the layer of the endometrium that is altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the:

endometrial cavity

the recesses of the vagina are the:

fornices

the short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:

isthmus

which of the following formulas calculates the mean sac diameter of the gestational sac ?

length+height+width/3

pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will produce:

posterior shadowing

the chorion is divided into the _______ and the ________

smooth chorion and villous chorion

which uterine anomaly most likely demonstrates a small dimple in the fundus ?

subseptae

the FHR should be 140 +/- 20 BPM by 9 weeks

true

the uterine artery runs medially off the internal iliac artery toward the cervix where it ascends lateral to the uterus in the broad ligament to the cornua. There it courses laterally toward the ovary to where it anastomoses(joins) with a branch of the ovarian artery

true

placenta previa

where a portion of the placenta covers the internal cervical os