OB final
what is the mean diameter of a dominant follicular cyst at the time of ovulation ?
25mm
a color image of the cord around the bladder proves _________
3 vessel cord
when should we see evidence of an IUP transabdominally using IRP standard ?
3600
what is the normal measurement of the normal adult ovaries ?
3x3x2cm
with a normal intrauterine pregnancy, hCG should double every:
48 hours
the endometrial lining in postmenopausal women NOT on hormone replacement therapy should be less than
5mm
when should we be able to detect FHR during a transabdominal scan ?
7 weeks
all of the following are associated with polyhydramnios except:
DRIP
the paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the:
Mullerian ducts
what is the membrane called that surrounds the fetus or embryo ?
amnion
the uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes:
anteflexion
the uterus is located _______ to the rectum
anterior
which of the following correctly measures endometrial thickness ?
anterior-posterior dimension in sagittal plane
which of the following structures implants into the endometrium ?
blastocyst
BhCG can be found in several biological fluids....
blood, urine and amniotic fluid
which of the following is the first system to function in the developing embryo ?
cardiovascular
on the ultrasound screen on a transvaginal image at the very top, what part of the body does this represent in sagittal plane ?
caudal
a hyperechoic focus within a mature follicle most likely represents a:
cumulus
the ______ eventually develops into the maternal portion of the placenta
decidua basalis
the mean sac diameter measures gestational age before visualization of the:
embryo
of the following, which is not considered a functional or physiological cyst ?
endometrial
oligohydramnios refers to too much amniotic fluid
false *oligo = low
the dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:
graafian follicle
what does gravida mean ?
how many times pregnant
when measuring the mean sac diameter, the calipers should be placed from the:
inner wall to inner wall
what segment of the fallopian tube connects with the uterus ?
interstitial
the secondary yolk sac:
is located in the chorionic cavity
the amniotic fluid is produced by the fetal:
kidneys
the left ovarian vein drains directly into the:
left renal vein
indications for a small placenta may include all of the following except ________
maternal diabetes
chorionic villi are more prolific:
near the implantation site
all of the following are reasons a mother might measure LGA EXCEPT:
oligohydramnios
mittleschmerz is associated with:
ovulation
what is the most commonly visualized pelvic muscle that is often mistaken for an ovary ?
piriformis muscle
which muscle group in the pelvis is adjacent to the ovaries ?
piriformis muscles
There are three peritoneal spaces in the pelvic cavity
posterior cul-de-sac, anterior cul-de-sac, and prevesical space
functions of the placenta include all of the following except ?
protects the baby from trauma
amniotic fluid that falls below normal levels for gestational age is termed oligohydramnios
true
in premenarche, the size of the uterine cervix is expected to be:
twice as large as the corpus
what area of the embryo attaches to the amnion ?
umbilical insertion
which area of the embryo attaches to the amnion ?
umbilical insertion
a gartner's duct cyst is found within the:
vagina
the inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the:
external os
what are the effects of oligohydramnios ?
facial deformities, limb/skeletal deformities, pulmonary hypoplasia, and cord compression
an IUP within the right horn of a bicornuate uterus is considered an ectopic pregnancy
false
in visualizing the fetal spine transversely, one should see two anterior and one posterior ossification center
false *fetal spine will look like a birdhouse
the vesicouterine pouch is the peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and rectum
false *located between the bladder and uterus
polyhydramnios refers to low amniotic fluid
false *poly = too much
which ligament is NOT a true ligament ?
mediatubal ligament
the fetal heart should occupy ______ of the fetal chest
1/3
the term embryo is used to describe a developing zygote through the:
10th gestational week
fetal intestines should not be seen outside of the fetal abdomen after _______weeks gestation
12 weeks
when does the second trimester begin ?
13 weeks
when should the amnion and chorion be fused ?
14 weeks
fetal kidneys should be routinely visualized after:
16 weeks
the placenta can lose ______ % of surface and still function
30
what produces amniotic fluid in the 1st trimester ?
amnion
which of the following lines the chorion and contains the fetus ?
amnion
In what portion of the fallopian tube does fertilization usually occur ?
ampulla
which of the following cranial structures is situated toward the anterior aspect of the head ?
cavum septi pellucidi
on the ultrasound screen on a transvaginal image towards the very bottom, what part of the body does this represent in sagittal plane ?
cephalic
the region between the isthmus of the uterus and the vagina is the:
cervix
the crucial triangle includes:
cervix, maternal bladder, and sacral prominence
the placenta develops from the _______ ?
chorion
what is the name of endometrial layer that is on the maternal side ?
decidua basalis
a simple cyst may exhibit all of the following EXCEPT
distal acoustic shadows
how do you tell there is a normal IUP ?
double decidual ring
the true pelvis is the inferior portion of the pelvic that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum
false
the maternal portion of the placenta constitutes 30% of placenta weight
false *20%
a solid mass of cells formed by the proliferation of a fertilized ovum is termed the:
morula
which of the following structures produces estrogen ?
ovarian follicle
where are the ovaries normally located ?
ovarian fossa
congenital abnormalities of the uterus result from improper fusion of which of the following structures ?
paramesonephric ducts "Mullerian ducts"
a pregnant patient who becomes faint and nauseous during the sonogram is experiencing:
supine hypotensive syndrome
during the secretory phase, the endometrium appears
thickened and echogenic
during the periovulatory phase, the endometrium appears
thickened and hypoechoic medially with an echogenic basal layer
during the early proliferation phase, the endometrium appears
thin, echogenic line, 4-8mm
amniotic fluid volume that falls below normal levels for gestational age is termed oligohydramnios
true
partial fusion of the caudal mullerian ducts will most likely result in an anomaly of the:
uterus
the uterine arteries are branches off the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the:
uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
the choroid plexus of the brain sits inside the:
ventricles
the anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the:
vesicouterine pouch
this structure is located in the chorionic cavity. its the earliest visualized structure in the gestational sac. its used as a landmark to locate the embryonic disc and early cardiac activity
yolk sac
what makes up the double bleb sign ?
yolk sac and the amnion
the chorionic cavity should no longer be visible after how many gestational weeks ?
16 weeks
the placenta edge should be at least ____ cm from the internal cervical os
2.0 cm
using SIS, we should see an IUP transvaginally with which level ?
550
the endometrial lining in postmenopausal women on the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should measure less than
8mm
the widest portion of the uterus is the:
corpus
normal human chorionic gonadotrophin levels should:
double every 30 to 48 hours
gestational weeks 6 through 10 constitutes the:
embryonic phase
chorion frondosum interweaves with the decidua basalis and erodes the ______
endometrium
the endometrium is thickest during the endometrial phase
false
the uterus and ovaries develop with the kidneys in the pelvis
false
the fetal heart sits at a 45 degree angle to the right
false *fetal heart should always point to the left
the abdominal circumference is taken at the level of the cord insertion into the fetal abdomen
false *taken at level of fetal stomach and umbilical vein
you should never use color doppler when measuring a pocket of amniotic fluid
false *you should to ensure there is no cord
which of the following hormones reflects the activity of the ovaries ?
follicle stimulating hormone
the space seen between the two atria of the fetal heart is called:
foramen ovale
what is the importance of amniotic fluid ?
protection from trauma/infection, temperature maintenance, electrolyte regulation, lung development, and allows fetal movement
an avascular area of the decidua capsularis develops into the ________
smooth chorion
the inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the:
endometrium
fetal gender cant be reliably differentiated with ultrasound until after 16 weeks
true
progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum cyst
true
the BPD & head circumference should be taken at the level of the thalami
true
amniotic fluid is composed primarily of:
urea
what connects the yolk sac to the digestive tube ?
vitteline duct
hyperstimulation of the ovaries will likely result in:
theca lutein cysts
which of the following statements is NOT true of the umbilical cord ?
there are two veins and one artery
the proper term for the complete duplication of the uterus is didelphys
true *also called bicornis/bicollis
oxygenated blood is carried to the fetus via the:
umbilical vein
which one of the following is NOT part of the adnexa ?
urinary bladder
the portion of the chorionic wall related to the placenta is called the _______
chorionic plate
hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called:
cilia
which is the most accurate method for measuring gestational age ?
crown rump length
the layer of the endometrium that is altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the:
endometrial cavity
the recesses of the vagina are the:
fornices
the short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:
isthmus
which of the following formulas calculates the mean sac diameter of the gestational sac ?
length+height+width/3
pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will produce:
posterior shadowing
the chorion is divided into the _______ and the ________
smooth chorion and villous chorion
which uterine anomaly most likely demonstrates a small dimple in the fundus ?
subseptae
the FHR should be 140 +/- 20 BPM by 9 weeks
true
the uterine artery runs medially off the internal iliac artery toward the cervix where it ascends lateral to the uterus in the broad ligament to the cornua. There it courses laterally toward the ovary to where it anastomoses(joins) with a branch of the ovarian artery
true
placenta previa
where a portion of the placenta covers the internal cervical os
